Dr.

Mohamed Mahmoud Rushdy

Cairo University
Faculty Of Commerce– English Section

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Self Management Definition
 Goal Setting
Time Management
Stress Management
Problem Solving
Decision Making

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“The man who can not manage themselves, Is not able to lead
others”. W. Penn
... Only one who has learned to control himself, can easily learn to
manage the state. Confucius

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After this course you will be able to
 Find out “WHO YOU ARE?”

 Understand “WHAT ARE YOUR LIFE GOALS?”

 Acquire Skills to “MANAGE SELF”

CONTENTS
 WHO IS “SELF”

 WHAT IS “MANAGEMENT”

 WHY “SELF MANAGEMENT”

 SKILLS FOR SELF MANAGEMENT

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A Self is YOU
 SELF is your IDENTITY: that you carry for whole life.
 Self is WHAT YOU WANT to be in your life.
 Self are of two types:
1)Outer Self
2)Inner Self

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 MANAGEMENT is the process of dealing with one
self and others is management.
 It is an Art to Encourage others to accomplish the
given task and achieve predetermined goals on time.

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Self Management is must if and only if
you want to achieve not SOMETHING but
EVERYTHING. This everything is “THE

LIFE GOALS”

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The process to design your identity and encourage yourself
and others to accomplish the predetermined goal on time.
Self Management is the responsibility that one take of
their behavior and own well being.

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“Behave today, to manage behavior tomorrow.”
“Take action now, to prevent problems later.”
“A little effort now, for a larger gain later.”
All these management statements are suggestive of self
management

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Self-management means different things in different fields. In
business, education, and psychology, self management refers to
methods, skills, and strategies by which individuals can effectively
direct their own activities toward the achievement of objectives, and
includes goal setting, decision making, focusing, planning,
scheduling, task tracking, self-evaluation, self-intervention, self-
development, etc. Self-management also known as executive
processes (in the context of the processes of execution)

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Self-management means taking as much control as you can of your
health care and health behaviors. Like people who run a business or
take care of a family, self-managers need to be organized. They need
a set of useful skill sand habits, and they need support. There are
four basic strategies to self-management (Goal setting, Action
Planning, Tracking Change, Problem-Solving). They can be applied
to any thing you want to accomplish – from healthier eating to
finding a better job.

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Goal Setting + Time Management

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SMART Goals

Simple

Measurable

Action-based

Realistic

Time-limited

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Why am I setting this Goal?
Who is involved – the Process?
Where will this Happen?
When will this Happen?

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How Much?
How Many?
What is at the Finish Line?

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Do You Believe You Can
Achieve?
Make Commitment to Reach
Your Target?
Be Willing to Alter, if required

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Goal should have a Realistic Chance of Achieving

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What can I do it TODAY?

What can I do it in 3 weeks?

What can I do it in 3 months?

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Time is a Resource….. What else?

Time is Money

You may Delay, but Time will not

Lost Time is Never Found Again

We Talk of Killing Time, BUT Time Quietly Kills Us

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Get a Diary
Big Picture of Goals
Track of Goals

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Get Organized

What to Do?

When, Where, and How?

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Get Prioritized

Need to Do Vs Want to Do

Important Vs Urgent

Priority List – A, B……

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Get Informed

What Support Available

Ask for Advice

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Get Motivated

Use Short- & Long-Term Goals

Join Group – Social Media

Reward Yourself – task completion

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Get Going
Work 5-10 Minutes is Better than
Later
Avoid Procrastination
Break Down Tasks – Just Do It

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Get to know Yourself

Your Energy Level – am, pm

Your Working Style

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Get Focused

Turn Diary into „Do List‟

Be Specific to Tasks

Ex. Do-List

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Bring order to chaos
Reduce stress
SIMPLE PRIORITIZATION Based on:
Time constraints
Potential benefits
Pressure to complete job

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Get a Life

Balance b/w Work & Family

Healthy Eating

Exercise, Socializing

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Get a Disaster Plan

Business Continuity

Have Plan-B

akhti
Give-away > Name Gift
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Self-management may also refer to: Workers' self-management - a
form of workplace decision-making in which the employees
themselves agree on choices (for issues like customer care, general
production methods, scheduling, division of labor etc.) instead of
the traditional supervisor telling workers what to do, how to do it
and where to do it.

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1. Organization.
2. Goal setting.
3. Time management.
4. Self-motivation.
5. Stress management.
6. Decision Making Skill
7. Accountability.

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Self-management enters the picture when:
The person arranges (controlling behavior) for social support to impact
the target behavior (controlled behavior).

Self-instructions and self-praise. Behavior can be influenced by specific

self-talk. Self-instructions involve instructing/telling oneself what to do
and how to do it. Self-praise involves positive evaluations of one‟s
desirable performance.

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 Self Management Strategies

Self-Management Strategies Basically, self-management involves the individual:

identifying and defining the target behavior. using behavior modification
procedure(s) to develop alternative behavior
1. Goal Setting.
Most people do better with self-management if they have positive goals to
motivate them, ways they want their lives and health to improve. Change is
hard, and we need reasons to do it. Goals can be about physical fitness, like
walking a certain distance, or they could be about your life, like going back to
school or being able to play with your dog. They can be anything you want.

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2. Action Planning.
Breaking large goals into achievable chunks that we feel confident about is a great strategy
for success.
Action planning identifies small, specific steps to ward larger goals, and strategies to
succeed at those steps. The key is to make the plans specific - what, when, where, with
whom, how often.
3. Tracking Changes. If you‟re trying to make a change in your life, how will you know
when you have done it? We tend to forget what we have done or how we have changed
over time. How do we remember the way things used to be? It helps to keep a record of
your activities. These records (or logs) will help you see what‟s working and what‟s getting
in your way.
4. Problem-Solving. Life has a way of interfering with self management. Usually people
encounter some barriers they didn't expect when they made their plans.

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1) Learn to cope with stress
2) Develop your self esteem and personal confidence;
3) Develop effective strategies to cope with conflicts;
4) Develop a positive attitude to study;
5) Be patient – learning and academic skills develop gradually;
6) Reappraise your situation regularly and make the adjustments required
7) Learn from feedback
8) Maintain a healthy lifestyle;
9) Reward yourself

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1. Live by your values
2. Speak up! No one can “hear” what you‟re thinking without you be willing to
stand up for it.
3. Honor your own good word, and keep the promises you make.
4. When you ask for more responsibility, expect to be held fully
5. Don‟t expect people to trust you if you aren‟t willing to be trustworthy for
them first and foremost.
6. Be more productive by creating good habits and rejecting bad ones.
7. Have a good work ethic,

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8. Be interesting. Read voraciously, and listen to learn, then teach and share
everything you know. No one owes you their attention; you have to earn
it and keep attracting it.
9. Be nice. Be courteous, polite and respectful.
10. Be self-disciplined.
11. Don‟t be a victim or a martyr. You always have a choice, so don‟t shy
from it: Choose and choose without regret. Look forward and be
enthusiastic.
12. Keep healthy and take care of yourself.

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 Self-monitoring. Develop and implement a self-monitoring plan. Immediately
record each occurrence of the target behavior. 1-2 weeks to establish baseline.
Behavior must be stable prior to implementing selfmanagement plan. Continue
monitoring throughout intervention. Permits evaluation of effectiveness.
 Functional assessment. Concurrent with self-monitoring, conduct a FA.
Identify antecedents and consequences. For both target and competing
behaviors
 Selecting the appropriate strategy
 Use/manipulate antecedent strategies that compete with target behavior.

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The word stress was originally used by Selyle in 1956 to
describe the pressure experienced by a person in response
to life demands. These demands are referred to as
stressors. Stress can be positive or negative .

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According to Selyle (1956), ―Stress is defined as the pressure
experienced by a person in response to life demands. These demands
are referred to as stressors and include a range of life events, physical
factors (e.g.: cold, hunger, haemorrhage, pain), environmental
conditions and personal thoughts.

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•According to Selye (1976) Stress is a process of adjusting to or
dealing with circumstances that disrupt or threaten to disrupt a
person‟s physical or psychological functioning.
•Stress is tension, strain, or pressure from a situation that requires us
to use, adapt, or develop new coping skills.

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Stressor is the stimuli proceeding or precipitating a change.
It may be internal (fear, guilt) or external (trauma, peer
pressure, etc). Stress due to an excess of adaptive.

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Distress
Stress due to an excess of adaptive demands placed upon us.
The demands are so great that they lead to bodily and mental
damage. e.g.: unexpected death of a loved one
Eustress
The optimal amount of stress, which helps to promote health
and growth .e.g.: praise from a superior for hardworking.

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Physiological stressors:
A. Chemical agents
B. Physical agents Illness, injuries, hormonal fluctuations,
inadequate sleep or nutrition
C. Infectious agent
D. Nutrition imbalances
E. Genetic or immune disorders

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• Accidents can cause stress for the victim, the person who caused
the accident and the families of both
Stressful experiences of family members and friends
Fear of aggression or mutilation from others such as murder, rape,
terrorist and attacks.
• Events that we see on T.V. such as war, earthquake, violence
• Developmental and life events
• Rapid changes in our world, including economic and political
structures and technology

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There are many sources of stress, these are broadly classified as:
1. Internal stressors: they originate within a person e.g.: cancer, feeling of depression
2. External stressors: it originates outside the individual e.g.: moving to another city, death
in a family.
3. Developmental stressors: it occurs at predictable times throughout an individual„s life.
e.g.: child- beginning of school.
4. Situational stressors: they are unpredictable and occur at any time during life. It may be
positive or negative. e.g.: death of family member, marriage/ divorce.
It may be physiological, psychological and cognitive:• Physiological indicators: The

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•Problem solving: the person assesses the situation or problem analyzes, chose
alternatives, carries out selected alternatives and evaluates. Structuring:
arrangement/ manipulation of a situation so that threatening events do not occur.
•Self-control: assuming a manner and facial expression that conveys a sense of
being in control or in change. Suppression: willfully putting a thought or feeling
out of mind. Day dreaming: unfulfilled wishes and desires are imagined as fulfilled
or a threatening experience is re worked or replayed so that it ends differently from
reality.

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•Practice well-being: Meditation, exercise or other healthy
and relaxing activities help lower stress levels.
•Employers should offer tools and resources to teach
employees mindfulness and stress-reduction techniques.
•Mindfulness helps us gain awareness of our feelings so
we can manage them better.

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Definition Decision : is a solution chosen from among
alternatives.
Decision-making process : is the process of selecting an
alternative course of action that will solve a problem.
Problem solving: is the process of taking corrective action
in order to meet objectives.

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1. Define the problem
2. Gather information
3. Develop alternatives
4. Weigh alternatives
5. Select the best alternative
6. Implement the solution
7. Monitor progress and follow up

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