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Logarithm
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➢ Theory………………………………….02
Percentile Classes
Logarithm Theory
Properties and Formulas of 10. 𝐼𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 = 𝑥 ∀ a > 0, a ≠1, b
Logarithm ≠0 and 𝑥 ∈ R
(𝑖) 𝑙𝑜𝑔(1/𝑎) 𝑏 = - 𝑥
1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 1 = 0, a > 0, a ≠ 1 1
(ii) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 ( ) = - 𝑥
𝑏
1
2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 a = 1, a > 0, a ≠ 1 (iii) 𝑙𝑜𝑔1 ( ) = 𝑥
𝑏𝑎
1
𝑥 11. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑚 (𝑏) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏
3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑎 = 𝑥 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑥 > 0 𝑚
Exercise 01
(Basic Level)
1. What is the value of 𝑙𝑜𝑔3√3 27?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
81 25 16
4. Find the value of 3log + 5𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 7𝑙𝑜𝑔
80 24 15
(a) log2 (b) log3 (c) 1 (d) None of these
6. log328 = ?
(a) 2/5 (b) 5/3 (c) 3/5 (d) 4/5
8. If logmn=p, then:
(a) m=p (b) pn=m (c) mp=n (d) np=m
𝑚
10. loga( ) is equal to?
𝑛
(a) loga(m-n) (b) logam − logan
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑚
(b) ( ) (d) logam ÷ logan
𝑛
1
12. The value of log36 is:
216
2 3 1
(a) (b) - (c) (d) none of these
3 2 6
20. log625√5 = ?
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 1/8 (d) 1/4
1 1 1
21. + + is equal to:
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐𝑎 𝑎𝑏𝑐
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
1 1 1
22. The value of [ + + ] is:
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎/𝑏 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏/𝑐 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐/𝑎 𝑥
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) abc (d) x3
Solutions Exercise 01
1. Ans. (a)
2
Solution: log 3√3 27 = log 3√3 (3√3) =
3. Ans. (b)
2 log 3√3 3√3 = 2.
Solution: log 6 36√6 = log 6 62.5 =
Hence option (a) is the answer.
2.5(log 6 6) = 2.5
Hence, option (b) is the
2. Ans. (b)
answer.
Solution:
4
𝑙𝑜𝑔2√3 144 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2√3 (2√3) = 4 4. Ans. (a)
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81 81 logam + logan
Solution: 3 log = log[ ]3 ; 5 log
80 80
25 25 16 16
= log [ ]5 ; 7log = log [ ]7
24 24 15 15 10. Ans. (b)
𝑚
81 25 16
Solution: loga( )
𝑛
So, 3log + 5 log + 7log
80 24 15 logam − logan
= log
11. Ans. (c)
81 25 16
([ ]3 x [ ]5 x [ ]7 ) = log 2 Solution: log8127
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 27
=
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 33
=
80 24 15
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 81 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 34
3𝑙𝑜𝑔10 3 3
Hence option (a) is the answer. =
4𝑙𝑜𝑔10 3 4
log1010(0+1+2+3+….10)
23. Ans. (b)
log101055=55
Solution: logtan10+
logtan20+….+logtan890
18. Ans. (c)
= (logtan10+logtan890)+ (log
Solution: log55+ log552+
tam20+logtan880) +….+ log tan450
log553+….+ log55n = 1+2+3+….+n
𝑛(𝑛+1) = log(tan10.tan890)+
=
2 log(tan20.tan880) +….+ log1
= log(tan10.cot0)+
19. Ans. (b) log(tan20.cot20) +….+ log1
Solution: 216log649 = log1+ log1+ …..+log1
= 6 log6 (49)3
= (49)3 = 117649 (tan(90-𝜃)=cot 𝜃 and
tan450=1)
20. Ans. (c)
Solution: ½ log6255 = [(1/2) x 4] =0
log55 = 1/8.
24. Ans. (c)
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Exercise 02
(Medium Level)
1 1 1
1. If a, b, c are in GP then , , are in:
log𝑎 𝑋 log𝑏 𝑋 log𝑐 𝑋
(a) AP (b) GP (c) HP (d) none of these
25
4. What is the value of x if 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔9 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔27 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔81 𝑥= ?
4
(a) 9 (b) 27 (c) 81 (d) None of these
27 is the corredct answer
5. What is the value of x in the expression log2 (3-x)+log2(1-x)=3?
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) -1 (d) Not possible
1 1 1 1 1 1
10. Find the value of + + + + + .
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑋 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑋 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑋 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 𝑋 𝑙𝑜𝑔6 𝑋 𝑙𝑜𝑔7 𝑋
(a) 1 (b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔27 𝑋 (c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔5040 𝑋 (d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 5040
15. If a1, a2, a3….are positive numbers in GP, then log an, logan+1, …and
logan+2 are in:
(a) AP (b) GP (c) HP (d) none of these
1 1 1
17. What is the value of + + …..+ ?
log2 𝑛 log3 𝑛 log40 𝑛
1
(a) (b) log (40!)n (c) 1 (d) none of these
log40! 𝑛
12 7 91
22. log – log +log =x
13 25 3
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
16 25 81
23. log + 5 log + 3 log = log 𝑥. 𝑥 = ?
15 24 80
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) none of these
24. If 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 = .4771 and log 2= .301 then number of digits in 6012
(a) 25 (b) 22 (c) 23 (d) 24
25.
If 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 = .4771 and log 2= .301 then number of digits in 729
(a) 17 (b) 20 (c) 18 (d) 15
Solution Exercise 02
1. Ans. (a) Solution: 2[log(x+y)-log5]
Solution: a, b, c are in GP =logx+logy can be written as;
log 𝑥 𝑎, log 𝑥 𝑏, log 𝑥 𝑐, are in AP 1
[log(x+y)-log5] = (logx+logy)
1 1 1 2
, , are in AP Or log
𝑥+𝑦
= log√𝑥𝑦
log𝑎 𝑥 log𝑏 𝑥 log𝑐 𝑥
5
Taking antilog on both the
2. Ans. (c) sides, we obtain the following;
𝑥+𝑦
= log√𝑥𝑦 It can be seen that x=-1
5
satisfies the equations.
x+y =5√𝑥𝑦
Hence, option (c) is the answer.
Squaring both the sides, we get
(x+y)2=25xy
6. Ans. (b)
Solution: 1+x= logaa+ loga(bc),=
x2+y2+2xy=25xy
loga(abc)
Similarly, 1+y= logb(abc) and
x2+y2=23xy
1+z= logc(abc)
1
= logabca
Hence, option (b) is the 1+𝑥
1
answer. = logabcb
1+𝑦
1
= logabcc
3. Ans. (b) 1+𝑧
1 1 1
Solution: In this question, it is + + = logabca+
1+𝑥 1+𝑦 1+𝑧
better to assume values and verify logabcb+ logabcc
the options. = logabcabc = 1
Assume x=10, y=100, z=1000
1 1 1 1
= = = Hence option (b) is the answer.
1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 1+𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1+1 2
1 1 1 1
= = =
1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 1+𝑙𝑜𝑔100 1+2 3
1 1 1 1
= = = 7. Ans. (b)
1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧 1+𝑙𝑜𝑔1000 1+3 4
Solution: For log to be defined:
Now, it can be clearly seen that 3-X>0; So, x<3, and x-1>0; so,
½, 1/3, and ¼ are in harmonic 1<x
progression, Hence, option (b) Hence, 1<x<3
is the answer. As, the base >1, therefore, 3-
x>x-1
4. Ans. (d) 2x<4
Solution: Go through the options. x<2
Exercise 03
Advance Level
1. If 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 = .4771 and log 2= .301 then number of digits in 2725
(a) 38 (b) 37 (c) 36 (d) 35
𝑎
5. What is the value of √ , if log4log44a-b = 2log4 (√𝑎 − √𝑏) + 1
𝑏 later divide by b and
(a) -5/3 (b) 2 (c) 5/3 (d) 1 then put a/b = a to
form a quadratic
3 equation
6. If log10x – log10 √𝑥 = 6logx10 then a possible value of x is
(a) 10 (b) 30 (c) 100 (d) 1000
𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3
13. (𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ) is equal to:
𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑐 𝑎𝑏
(a) 1 (b) log abc (c) abc (d) none of these
1 1 1
14. (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏𝑐)+1
+ (𝑙𝑜𝑔 + (𝑙𝑜𝑔 is equal to:
𝑏 𝑎𝑐)+1 𝑐 𝑎𝑏)+1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) abc
16. The value of log (ab)2 – log (ac) +log (bc4)-3log (bc) is:
(a) 0 (b) log b (c) log c (d) log a
17. If logq (xy) = 3 and logq (x2y3)=4, find the value of logq x:
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 2
1 1 1
20. Find the value of , 2, +…..is:
log3 𝑒 log3 𝑒 log3 𝑒 4
(a) loge9 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) loge270
23. If log32, log3(2x-5) and log3 (2x-7/2) are in AP then x is equal to:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
24. If logx a, ax\2 and logbx are in GP, then x is equal to:
(a) loga (logba) (b) loga (logea)- loga (logeb)
(c) - loga (logba) (d) both a and b
1 1 1 1
25. The value of + + + ⋯…+ is:
log100 𝑛 log99 𝑛 log98 𝑛 log2 𝑛
1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
log100 𝑛 log99 𝑛 log100! 𝑛
27. If a=1+ logxyz, b=1+ logyzx, and c=1 + logzxy, then ab+bc+ca is:
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) abc (d) none of these
𝑥 4𝑛 𝑥
(a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 ( ) (b) 𝑛 (𝑙𝑜𝑔2 )
𝑦 𝑦
𝑥 𝑛−1 1 𝑥 𝑛(𝑛+1)
(c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 ( ) (d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 ( )
𝑦 𝑛−1 2 𝑦
2
31. The set of all values of x satisfying 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥|3−𝑥| = 4
(a) (√3,2) (b) (1,5) (c) (1,∞) (d) {1,5}
36. If log1/ 2
sin x 0, x 0,4 , then the number of value of x which are integral
multiples is.
4
(a) 4 (b) 12 (c) 3 (d) None of these
39. If log 3
5=a and log 3
2 = b, then log 3
300 =
(a) −1,1, − 3
Solutions Exercise 03
1. Ans. (c) (𝑎+𝑐)2 −4𝑎𝑐
= log [(𝑎 + 𝑐)𝑥 (𝑎+𝑐)
]
2. Ans. (d)
log 𝑥 log 𝑦 log 𝑧 = log [(𝑐 − 𝑎)]2 = 2 log(𝑐 − 𝑎).
Solution: = = =k
𝑏−𝑐 𝑐−𝑎 𝑎−𝑏
x = 10 k(b-c), y = 10k(c-a), z = 4. Ans. (b)
10k(a-b) Solution: We can solve this
∴ xyz = 10k(b-c+c-a+a-b) = 100 = 1 problem just by checking the
Therefore option (a) is correct. operations.
xa yb zc = 10k[a(b-c) + b(c-a)+c(a-b)] By putting x = 4 in the LHS we
= 10k(ab-ac+bc-ab+ca-bc (a-b)) have
= 10k0 = 1
Therefore option (c) is also 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
(2log22) (𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 2) = (−4)𝑙𝑜𝑔2
correct. 16 2 2
1
=-
2
3. Ans. (c)
2𝑎𝑐
Solution: b = (As a, b and c are Similarly, the RHS = log 1 2 =
𝑎+𝑏
4
in harmonic progression.) 1
−
𝑙𝑜𝑔(a+c) + log(𝑎 + 𝑐 − 2𝑏) = 2
log [(𝑎 + 𝑐)(𝑎 + 𝑐 − 2𝑏)] = Similarly we can check the other
4𝑎𝑐 options as well.
log [(𝑎 + 𝑐) (𝑎 + 𝑐 − ))]
𝑎+𝑐
√𝑏)2 + 1
Replacing the value of 1 in this by solving the above equation we
equation with log44 get t = ± 3
We get: log4(a-b) = log44 (a+b- When log10x = -3
∴ x = 10-3
2√𝑎𝑏)
When log10x = 3
(a-b) = 4 (a+b-2√𝑎𝑏) & a – b ≠ 0 or
x = 1000.
a≠b
Note: You could solve this by using
(Since log 0 is not defined
options too.
3a + 5b - 5√𝑎𝑏 = 0
Dividing throughout by b, we get: 3 7. Ans. (d)
Solution: log13 log21 {√𝑥 + 21 +
𝑎 𝑎
(√ )2 - 8√ + 5 = 0 √𝑥} = 0
𝑏 𝑏
𝑎
Let √ = x. ∴ log21 {√𝑥 + 21 + √𝑥} = 130 =
𝑏
Then, 3x2 – 8x + 5 = 0. 1
Now by putting the options in place
of x in the above equation we get x ∴ {√𝑥 + 21 + √𝑥} = 211 = 21
= 5/3, 1 satisfy the above equation
but x = 1 is not possible because a ∴ √𝑥 + 21 = 21 - √𝑥
𝑎
≠ b so x = √ = 5/3. Option (c) is
𝑏
By putting the options in the
the correct answer. given equation we find that
none of the options is correct.
6. Ans. (d)
6
Solution: log10x - log10(x)1/3 = 8. Ans. (b)
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑥
Solution: : log103 + log10(4x+1) =
log10(x+1)+log1010
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logqy = -2+
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑁 Again logqx + logqy = 3
=𝑝
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑁
logqx +(-2)=3
1 logqx = 5
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑁
1 =𝑝
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑁 18. Ans. (c)
Solution:
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁 𝑏
=𝑝
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁 𝑎
v=u1/2 w=u1/3 z=1/4
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 = 𝑝 1 1 1
(1+2+3+4)
uvwz = 𝑢
1 1 1
(1+2+3+4)
logu uvwz = logu 𝑢
16. Ans. (d)
Solution: 1 1 1
= (1 + + + ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑢 𝑢 =
2 3 4
1 1 1
log(ab)2 – log (ac) +log (bc4)- (1 + 2 + 3 + 4)
3log (bc)
(𝑎𝑏)2 (𝑏𝑐 4 )
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑏𝑐)3 19. Ans. (b)
𝑎𝑐
Solution:
(𝑎𝑏)2 (𝑏𝑐 4 )
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 [ × ] = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 a,b,c are in GP
𝑎𝑐 (𝑏𝑐 )3
b2=ac
2logb = log a
+ logc
17. Ans. (b)
Loga, logb, log c are in AP
Solution:
I,e, logd a, logd b, logd c are in
AP
logq (xy) = 3 and logq (x2y3)=4
loga d, logb d, logc d are in HP
logq (x2y3)=4
logq [(xy)2.y]
logq (xy)2+ logqy = 4
20. Ans. (a)
2logq (xy)+ logqy = 4
Solution:
2x3+ logqy = 4
1 1 1
, 2, +…..
log3 𝑒 log3 𝑒 log3 𝑒 4
log2 x = 0 ➔ x = 20 = 1
6
25. Ans. (b) and log2x = - ➔ x = 2-6/5
5
Solution:
x = 1 x = 2-6/5
1 1 1
+ + ⋯…..+
log100 𝑛 log99 𝑛 log2 𝑛
27. Ans. (c)
Solution:
= log 𝑛 100 + log 𝑛 99 + ⋯ +
log 𝑛 2
a=1+ logxyz = logxx+logx yz=
logx xyz
= log 𝑛 (100 × log 𝑛 99 + ⋯ +× 2)
Similarly b = logyxyz
1 And c= logzxyz
= log 𝑛 100 ! =
𝑙𝑜𝑔100! 𝑛
1
Now, ab + bc + ca = abc [ +
𝑐
26. Ans. (b) 1 1
Solution: Best way is to go through + ]
𝑎 𝑏
options.
Alternatively: Support log2x = 1 1
= abc [ + +
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 𝑥𝑦𝑧
t, then
1 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔2√𝑥 2
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑥 ]
𝑙𝑜𝑔2√𝑥 = = = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧 𝑥𝑦𝑧
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 2𝑥 1+𝑙𝑜𝑔2𝑥
𝑡/2
1+𝑡 =abc[logxyzx+ logxyzy+ logxyzz]
=abc[logxyzxyz] = abc
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𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
= log2 ( × × ×
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
28. Ans. (a)
Solution: … . 𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒)
𝑥 𝑛 𝑥
Log2( ) = n log2 ( )
Best way is to check the 𝑦 𝑦
options
Alternatively:
30. Ans. (d)
Solution: taking log of both sides
𝑙𝑜𝑔1√2 (1/√8)=
with base 3 we have,
log2(4x+1).log2(4x+1+4)
[log3x2 + (log3x)2 – 10] log3x
= -2log3x
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (1/√8)
= log3x = 10
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (1/√2)
log2(4x+1).log2(4x+1+4) (log3x)2 + 2 log3x – 3 = 0
(log3x + 4)(log3x-2) = 0
3 = [log2 4+ x = 1, log3x = -4 and log3x =
log2(4x+1)].log2(4x+1)] 2
1
(2+t)t=3 where t – log2 x=1, x= and x = 9
81
(4x+1) x = 1,
1
x = {1, , 9}
t = -3, 1 81
x 2 − 6 x + 12 0
34. Sol (d) If
( x − 2 )( x − 4 ) 0
log4 2 + log4 4 + log4 16 + log4 x − 6
2 x 4; x 2,4.
then log4 ( 2 4 16 )
(
x − 1 1− x − 1 0 1− x − 1 0)
43. Sol (c) Let y = 3 40
x − 1 1 x 2, x 2,
Taking log both sides, log y = log3 40
( )
y 2
log10 x 2 − 2 x − 2 0
1 1 1 1
= log5 3 = log5 9. Clearly ; x y
x 2 y x .........(i)
For logarithm to be defined
41. Sol (b) x 2 − 2x − 2 0
log x : log y : log z = y − z : z − x : x − y
( x − 1) 3
2
log x log y log z
= = = k ( say )
y −z z−x x−y x − 1 − 3 or x − 1 − 3
x x y y z z = 1. ( x − 3 )( x + 1) 0 −1 x 3
Exercise 04
(Short Answers/TITA)
1. The number of solutions of the equation
log 𝑥/2 𝑥 2 + 40log 4𝑥 √𝑥 − 14log16𝑥 𝑥 3 = 0
4. Find x, if logx3-log3x=2log2+log3.
7. For how many real values of x will the equation log3 log6 (x3-18x2+108x)
= log2 log416 be satisfied?
8. If n = 12√3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + + + + =?
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔6 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔8 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔9 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔18 𝑛
10. If [N] = the greatest integer less than or equal to N, then [log106730.4] is
equal to:
14. If 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 = .4771 and log 2= .301, find the number of digits in 10810
Exercise 04 (Solutions)
1. Solution: By changing the
base to 2 the given equation 2. Ans. 1
becomes Solution: x2 + 6x + 8 > 0 and 2x2 +
log2 𝑥 2 40log2 √𝑥 2x + 3 > 0
+ −
log2 𝑥/2 log2 4𝑥
➔ (x+4) (x+2) > 0 and
log2 𝑥 3 1 5
14 =0 (𝑥 + 2)2 + 4 > 0
log2 16𝑥
3 x= 3 or x = 7
log34- log3(3x+1) = log3
(5x−2)
4 3
But at = 3, log3(x-4) is not
log3 = log3 defined since (x-4) becomes
3𝑥+1 (5x−2)
negative
4 3 Hence x = 7 is the only possible
=
3𝑥+1 (5x−2)
solution.
20x-8=9x+3
6. Ans. (25/48)
11x=11 1 1 1 1
Solution: logx [ + + + +
5 12 21 32
X=1 1
+ ⋯ . +∞ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠]2
45
4. Ans. 6 =2
Solution: log x3 – log 3x = 2 log 2 + 1 1 1 1 1
logx ( + + + + +
log3 5 12 21 32 45
𝑥2 ⋯ . +∞ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠)
Log = log 12
3
1 1 1 1 1
Let + + + + +
𝑥2 5 12 21 32 45
= 12 ➔ x = ±6 ⋯ . +∞ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 = P
3
3
But at x = -6, log 3x and log 𝑥 P= [
1 4
+
4
+
4
+
4
+
are not defined. 4 1x5 2𝑥6 3𝑥7 4𝑥8
4
Hence x = 6 is the only correct + ⋯.∞ ]
5𝑥9
answer. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4P = [1 − + − + − + − +
5 2 6 3 7 4 8
1 1
5. Ans. 1 − ]
5 9
Solution: 1 1 1
4 P = [1 + + + ]
2 3 4
𝑙𝑜𝑔9 (2x-5) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (𝑥 − 4) 25
1 4P =
➔ 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (2𝑥 − 5) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (𝑥 − 12
2 25
4) P=
48
25
𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (2𝑥 − 5) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (𝑥 − 4)2 Logx = 1 or x = 25/48
48
(2𝑥 − 5) = (𝑥 − 4)2
(2𝑥 − 5) =x2+16-8x 7. Ans. (1)
x2-10x +21 = 0 Solution: log2 (log416) = log2log442
(x-3)(x-7) = 0 = log22 = 1
log3log6(x3-18x2+108x) = 1 4p = 64
log6 (x3-18x2+108x) = 3 P= 3
x3-18x2+108x = 63 Hence, the value of (x+p) = 4+3 =
x3-18x2+108x – 216 = 0 7.
(x-6)3 = 0
X= 6 is the only value for which the
above question is true. 10. Ans. 3
Solution: Assume that the value of
8. Ans. (4) 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 6730.4 = z
Solution: n = 12√3 = 22 x 31.5 It can be seen that 1000 <
1 1 1 1 6730.4 < 10000.
+ + + +
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔6 𝑛
1 1 1
Hence, 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (103) < log10
+ + 6730.4 <𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (104)
𝑙𝑜𝑔8 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔9 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔18 𝑛
= logn 2 + logn 3 + logn 4 + logn 6+ Taking antilog, 3 < z < 4. So,
logn 8 + logn 9+logn18 the value of z lies between 3 and 4.
= logn(2 x 3 x 4 6 x 8 x 9 x 18) Therefore, [z] = greatest integer
= logn (28 x 36) less than or equal to z = 3.
= logn (22 x 31.5)4
= logn (22 x 31.5) 11. Ans. 3
= 4𝑙𝑜𝑔22 x 31.5 (22 x 31.5) = 4 Solution: log x = log (7.2/2.4) = log
3➔x=3
9. Ans. (7)
Solution: (log2x)2 + 2 log2x – 8 = 0 12. Ans. 200
(log2x)2 + 4log2x – 2log2x – 8 = 0 Solution: log x = log 25 + log 8 =
log2x [log2x+4] – 2 [log2x+4] = 0 log (25 x 8) = log 200.
[log2x-2] [log2x+4] = 0
Since, x is a natural number hence 13. Ans. 11
[log2x+4] cannot be zero. Hence, Solution: log (2x - 2) / (11.66 - x) =
log2x-2=0 log30
log2x = 2 (2x - 2)/(11.66 - x) = 30
x = 22 = 4 2x – 2 = 350 – 30x
We are given that: xp = 64. Since x Hence, 32x = 352 ➔ x = 11.
is 4, this means that:
14. Ans. 21
Solution: Let the number be y. 15. Ans. 53
Y = 10810 Solution: log y = 25 log 125
Log y = 10 log (27 x 4) = 25 [log1000 – 3 log 2] = 25 x
Log y = 10 [3 log3+2 log2] (2.097)
Log y = 10 [1.43 + 0.602] = 52 +
Hence log y = 10 [2.03] = 20.3 Hence 53 digits.
Thus, y has 21 digits.
Exercise 05
(Questions from Past Year Papers)
1. Suppose that a, b, and c are real numbers greater than 1. Then the
value of
2. If x, y, z are positive real numbers such that x12 = y16 = z24, and the
three quantities 3logyx, 4logzy, nlogxz are in arithmetic progression,
then the value of n is (IPM 2019 Indore)
3x−1
3. The inequality log 2 <1 holds true for (IPM 2019 Indore)
2−x
1
(a) x ∈ ( , 1)
3
1
(b) x ∈ ( , 2)
3
1
(c) x ∈ (0, ) ∪ (1,2)
3
(d) x ∈ (-∞, 1)
5. The inequality loga f(x)<loga g(x) implies that (IPM 2019 Indore)
(a) f(x) > g(x) > 0 for 0 < a < 1 and g(x) > f(x) > 0 for a > 1
(b) g(x) > f(x) > 0 for 0 < a < 1 and f(x) > g(x) > 0 for a > 1
(c) f(x) > g(x) > 0 for a > 0
(d) g(x) > f(x) > 0 for a > 0
log 1 1 1
√5(4+8+16+⋯… )
6. The value of 0.04 is __________. (IPM 2020 Indore)
Above equation root 5 in the base of log and find the log of (1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16+ ……)
Exercise 05
(Answer Key)
1. {3} 2. {16} 3. {a} 4. {d} 5. {a}
6. {16} 7. {d}
IIM Indore started publishing original paper of IPMAT just from 2019.
No original papers are known before that.