Microwave Engineering

Lab Report # 01

Student’s Name: Muhammad Abdullah Khan

Reg. Number: FA18-EEE-081

Class: EEE-7B

Teacher’s Name: Atiq ul Anam

Date: 04-10-2021

Affective Cognitive Psychomotor

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus
 Experiment No. 01
(Traveling Wave)

Statement:

Generate traveling wave with 10 watts power, having 1 GHz frequency.

Show graphically that it is a traveling wave.

Literature Background:

Travelling Wave:

Travelling waves transport energy from one area of space to another,

whereas standing waves do not transport energy. ... The most striking
feature of standing waves is that they only occur for certain frequencies.
Travelling waves on the other hand actually move from place to place,
transporting energy.

This sine wave pattern continues to move in uninterrupted fashion until

it encounters another wave along the medium or until it encounters a
boundary with another medium. This type of wave pattern that is seen
traveling through a medium is sometimes referred to as a traveling
wave.

To Calculation
1. Calculate the peak voltage
i.e. V p= √ 2 × P .
2. Calculate the frequency in radian ‘Ꞷ’ and wave number ‘β’.
3. Plot the wave in time domain at z = 0, using the equation of

Y(t,z) = VpCos(Ꞷt - βz).

1
4. Verify its frequency ‘ f = T ’.
5. Again plot the wave at z = 0.15, 0.17, and 0.19 meters.
6. Compare all the graphs for travelling wave.
Include all the graphs.

Procedure
Code:
clear all
close all
clc
t=0:0.1:100;
f=1e9;
L=3e8/3e9;
fs=20*f;
ts=t/fs;
W=2*pi*f;
B=2*pi/L;
z=0;
v=4.5*cos(W*ts-B*z);
plot(ts,v)
figure;
z=0.15;
v=4.5*cos(W*ts-B*z);
plot(ts,v)
figure
z=0.17;
v=4.5*cos(W*ts-B*z);
plot(ts,v)
figure
z=0.19;
v=4.5*cos(W*ts-B*z);
plot(ts,v)

Analysis of Graphs
Graph 1
Graph 2&3

Graph 4:
Conclusion:

As the travelling wave experiment we learn that what are travelling

wave and how they travel which can show in results also.The most
striking feature of standing waves is that they only occur for certain
frequencies.Travelling waves on the other hand actually move from
place to place, transporting energy.

Questions

Q. 01. Which factor is responsible for the traveling of wave?

A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space.

Waves travel through a medium: The speed of a wave is dependant on
factors: wavelength, medium, and temperature
.
R. 02. Find the phase velocity of wave traveling.

The distance covered by a wave in the direction of its propagation per

unit time is called the wave velocity. Let us try and find it for a wave
traveling in the positive X direction. Suppose, y = A cos (kx – ωt)
represents our traveling wave.This represents the wave velocity or the
phase velocity of a traveling wave.

Q. 03. Find the phasor equation of wave.

Phasor equation of a wave is given by:
Y(t,z)=A*cos ( wt – βz )
Since w=2π/T
β=2π/ƛ
ARe =[ e(jwt-βz) ]
Y(t,z)=Re[A.e+-jβz.ejwt]
V(z)~=Re[A.e+-jβz]
Y(t,z)=Re[A(z)~ejwt]

Conclusion:
By studying the traveling wave and it’s behavior we concluded that if we
change the value of “z”, the wave will also vary.