Nama : MUHAMMAD HAKIMI BIN AHMAD KHAIRI

No matrik : 23DKM21F1009

Nama : MUHAMMAD ZAQUAN BIN MOHD ZAIDI

No matrik :23DKM21F1024

Article 1: What is Bear Bile Farming?

Commercial 'bear bile farming' began in China in the 1980's. It is a
cruel farming system designed to extract bile from the gallbladders
of living bears.
Previous to this, bears were hunted in the wild for their gallbladder
bile, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine.
By the early 1990's, there were over 400 bear farms in China
alone, containing tens of thousands of suffering bears. Most
farmed bears are kept permanently in cages, sometimes so small
that they are unable to turn around or stand on all fours. Some
bears are caged as cubs and never released, with many kept
caged for up to 30 years.
Most farmed bears are starved and dehydrated and suffer from
multiple diseases and malignant tumours that ultimately kill them.
Animals Asia has also seen instances of old or very sick bears –
those who fail to produce bile – simply left to starve to death in
their cages.

 
Bear's bile is extracted using various invasive techniques, all of
which cause severe suffering, pain and infection. The method
claimed to be the most 'humane' by bile farmers, is 'free-drip'
method, where bears undergo surgery to create a permanent open
passage from their gallbladder through their abdomen. This results
in many of the bears dying from infections or other complications,
and agony for those who do survive. As the body naturally tries to
heal itself, each bile tapping session then involves forcing a metal
tube through the wound and scar tissue to reach the bile stored in
the bear's gallbladders. Other methods include the permanent
surgical implantation of a metal or latex catheter which drains the
bile straight from the bear's abdomens. Some bears are even fitted
with 'metal jackets'. Reminiscent of a medieval style torture device,
it is designed to keep bile-draining catheters in place. In Vietnam,
bears are commonly routinely drugged and jabbed in the abdomen
with a four-inch needle until the gallbladder is found, so that it can
be drained of its bile.
 
Homework on word meaning :

1. Dehydrated :
> not having the normal amount of water in your body so that you feel
ill or weak

2. Malignant :
> A malignant disease or growth is cancer or is related to cancer,
and is likely to be harmful

3. invasive :
> an invasive disease

4. Severe :
> causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, damage, etc.; very
serious

5. Undergo :
> to experience something that is unpleasant or something that
involves a change

6. Implantation :
> the act of inserting a device or tissue into the body

7. Catheter :
> a long and very thin tube is used to remove fluid from the body

8. Reminiscent :
> makes you remember certain people, events or things

9. Jabbed :
> to push or hit something hard and fast, often with a thin or sharp
object

10. Agony :
> extreme physical or mental pain or suffering