DEP SPECIFICATION

DRILLING COMMUNICATIONS

DEP 32.71.00.13-Gen.

February 2013

DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE

DEM1
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© 2013 Shell Group of companies

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, published or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the copyright owner or Shell Global Solutions International BV.
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PREFACE

DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of Shell Global Solutions
International B.V. (Shell GSI) and, in some cases, of other Shell Companies.

These views are based on the experience acquired during involvement with the design, construction, operation and
maintenance of processing units and facilities. Where deemed appropriate DEPs are based on, or reference international,
regional, national and industry standards.

The objective is to set the standard for good design and engineering practice to be applied by Shell companies in oil and
gas production, oil refining, gas handling, gasification, chemical processing, or any other such facility, and thereby to help
achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization.

The information set forth in these publications is provided to Shell companies for their consideration and decision to
implement. This is of particular importance where DEPs may not cover every requirement or diversity of condition at each
locality. The system of DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual Operating Units to adapt the
information set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements.

When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs, they shall be solely responsible for such use, including the
quality of their work and the attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those
requirements not specifically covered, the Principal will typically expect them to follow those design and engineering
practices that will achieve at least the same level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or
Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting from his own responsibility, consult the Principal.

The right to obtain and to use DEPs is restricted, and is typically granted by Shell GSI (and in some cases by other Shell
Companies) under a Service Agreement or a License Agreement. This right is granted primarily to Shell companies and
other companies receiving technical advice and services from Shell GSI or another Shell Company. Consequently, three
categories of users of DEPs can be distinguished:

1) Operating Units having a Service Agreement with Shell GSI or another Shell Company. The use of DEPs by these
Operating Units is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant Service Agreement.

2) Other parties who are authorised to use DEPs subject to appropriate contractual arrangements (whether as part of
a Service Agreement or otherwise).

3) Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2)

which requires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said
users comply with the relevant standards.

Subject to any particular terms and conditions as may be set forth in specific agreements with users, Shell GSI disclaims
any liability of whatsoever nature for any damage (including injury or death) suffered by any company or person
whomsoever as a result of or in connection with the use, application or implementation of any DEP, combination of DEPs
or any part thereof, even if it is wholly or partly caused by negligence on the part of Shell GSI or other Shell Company. The
benefit of this disclaimer shall inure in all respects to Shell GSI and/or any Shell Company, or companies affiliated to these
companies, that may issue DEPs or advise or require the use of DEPs.

Without prejudice to any specific terms in respect of confidentiality under relevant contractual arrangements, DEPs shall
not, without the prior written consent of Shell GSI, be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever and the
DEPs shall be used exclusively for the purpose for which they have been provided to the user. They shall be returned after
use, including any copies which shall only be made by users with the express prior written consent of Shell GSI. The
copyright of DEPs vests in Shell Group of companies. Users shall arrange for DEPs to be held in safe custody and Shell
GSI may at any time require information satisfactory to them in order to ascertain how users implement this requirement.

All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in Shell GSI.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 4
1.1 SCOPE...................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS..........4
1.3 DEFINITIONS............................................................................................................ 4
1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES............................................................................................ 6
1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES..............................................................................7
1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP......................................................................................7
1.7 DUAL UNITS............................................................................................................. 7
1.8 NOTATIONS IN MARGIN.......................................................................................... 7
2. GENERAL................................................................................................................. 8
2.1 PURPOSE OF DRILLING TELECOMMUNICATIONS..............................................8
2.2 DRILLING ENVIRONMENT.......................................................................................8
2.3 SERVICE REQUIREMENTS.....................................................................................9
2.4 NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION AUTHORITY................................................10
3. COMMON DRILLING TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS...................................11
3.1 COMMON SAFETY SYSTEMS...............................................................................11
3.2 COMMON OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS...................................................................11
3.3 NON-ESSENTIAL SYSTEMS..................................................................................14
4. OFFSHORE DRILLING SPECIFICS.......................................................................15
4.1 OFFSHORE SAFETY SYSTEMS............................................................................15
4.2 OFFSHORE OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS................................................................16
5. ONSHORE DRILLING SPECIFICS.........................................................................17
5.1 ONSHORE SAFETY SYSTEMS..............................................................................17
5.2 ONSHORE OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS..................................................................17
6. SHUTDOWN OF TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS..........................................18
6.1 EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SYSTEM (ESD).........................................................18
7. POWER SUPPLIES................................................................................................19
7.1 POWER OPTIONS.................................................................................................. 19
7.2 POWER AUTONOMY AND PROTECTION.............................................................19
8. CABLES AND CABLING........................................................................................20
9. REFERENCES........................................................................................................ 21

APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 WAN TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS......................................................................23
APPENDIX 2 BANDWIDTH OPTIONS...................................................................................26
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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 SCOPE
This DEP specifies requirements and gives recommendations for telecommunication
equipment and systems used for drilling operations. It also provides guidance for the
selection and specification of such equipment and systems.
This DEP applies to onshore and offshore drilling operations and is supplementary to
DEP 32.71.00.10-Gen., DEP 32.71.00.11-Gen. and DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen.
This DEP contains mandatory requirements to mitigate process safety risks in accordance
with Design Engineering Manual DEM 1 – Application of Technical Standards.
Section (9) list references to Shell and international standards which detail specific
telecommunications subsystems.
This DEP is a revision of the DEP with the same number dated October 1995.

1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS

Unless otherwise authorised by Shell GSI, the distribution of this DEP is confined to Shell
companies and, where necessary, to Contractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers nominated
by them. Any authorised access to DEPs does not for that reason constitute an
authorisation to any documents, data or information to which the DEPs may refer.
This DEP is intended for use in all drilling operations including on offshore mobile drilling
rigs, offshore production platforms with drilling facilities, land based drilling rigs and drilling
rigs used in swamps. This DEP may also be applied in other similar facilities.
When DEPs are applied, a Management of Change (MOC) process shall be implemented;
this is of particular importance when existing facilities are to be modified.
If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements could be more
stringent than in this DEP, the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the
requirements are the more stringent and which combination of requirements will be
acceptable with regards to the safety, environmental, economic and legal aspects. In all
cases, the Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of
this DEP which is considered to be necessary in order to comply with national and/or local
regulations. The Principal may then negotiate with the Authorities concerned, the objective
being to obtain agreement to follow this DEP as closely as possible.

1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 General definitions
The Contractor is the party that carries out all or part of the design, engineering,
procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a project, or operation of a
facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor.
The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party that manufactures or supplies equipment and
services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor.
The Principal is the party that initiates the project and ultimately pays for it. The Principal
may also include an agent or consultant, authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the
Principal.
The word shall indicates a requirement.
The capitalised term SHALL [PS] indicates a process safety requirement.
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The word should indicates a recommendation.

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1.3.2 Specific definitions

Term Definition
Base An office, facility or any form of presence with suitable telecommunication
infrastructure to the Principal’s network.
Camp Site The residential area that may be sited separately from the rig site but
normally within a radius of 5 km (3 mi) from the rig site.
Hazardous Area, An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is or may be expected to
426-03-01, be present in quantities, such as to require special precautions for the
IEC 50, ATEX construction, installation and use of electrical apparatus. This includes
Zone 1 IIC T4, anything that can cause visible or invisible sparks.
NEC Class 1
Divisions 1&2
Head Office The location where the Principal's management team is located. Also, this
is often where the majority of engineering and technical support
personnel are based.
Intrinsically Safe One that has been specifically manufactured to operate without risk of
Appliance explosion in a hazardous area.
Non-Hazardous An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is not expected to be
Area, 426-03-02, present in quantities such as to require special precautions for the
IEC 50 construction, installation and use of electrical apparatus.
Operational The minimum health and safety standard that must be conformed to
Safety Case which the Principal obtains from relevant local/regional authorities before
(OSC) starting and drilling activity. This may have different names or references
in different countries and regions.
Operations The location from where the non-routine activities at the rig site are
Office directed; it may be located at the Head Office.
Process Safety The management of hazards that can give rise to major accidents
involving the release of potentially dangerous materials, release of energy
(such as fire or explosion), or both.
Public Network The telecommunications infrastructure in an operating area/region
provided by a government, regulatory authority or private company.
Quality of All related set of standards and mechanisms that is performed on all
Service aspects of a telecommunication infrastructure that aims to ensure the
transport of selected traffic (computer applications and telephony) with
special requirements to deliver high quality performance by efficiently
utilizing available resources.
Rig Manager’s The location from where the drilling Contractor directs the activities of his
Office personnel at the rig site.
Rig Site The location of the drilling rig.
Sea Area The area of the sea in which an offshore drilling rig is located. Sea areas
A1, A2, A3, and A4 are defined in the GMDSS amendments to the
SOLAS convention.
Single-String The Principal has the task of drilling a very restricted number of wells
Venture (usually one, but in some cases more) in an exploration area where there
are no existing Group drilling/production operations.
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Term Definition
Supply Base The location from where equipment and materials are dispatched to the
rig.

1.3.3 Abbreviations

Term Definition
3G Third Generation
AC Alternating Current
ATEX ATmosphere EXplosibles (French – Explosive Atmospheres)
CCR Central Control Room
CCTV Closed Circuit Television
DC Direct Current
DEP Design Engineering Practice
GI Group Infrastructure
GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
GST Global Standard - Telecommunications
HR Human Resources
HSSE Health, Safety, Security and Environment
IMO International Maritime Organisation
IP Internet Protocol
IRM Information Risk Management
LAN Local Area Network
LTE Long Term Evolution
MODU Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit
NEC National Electric Code
NMS Network Management System
OCF OneIT Control Framework
PAGA Public Address General Alarm
RTOC Real Time Operating Centre
RF Radio Frequency
SOLAS Safety of Life at Sea
TETRA TErrestrial Trunk RAdio
UHF Ultra High Frequency
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
VHF Very High Frequency
VPN Virtual Private Network
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal (satellite system)
WAN Wide Area Network
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1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES
Where cross-references to other parts of this DEP are made, the referenced section
number is shown in brackets ( ). Other documents referenced in this DEP are listed in (9).

1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES

This DEP is a revision of the DEP of the same number dated October 1995. This revision
has been a complete re-write of the DEP and it is impractical to list all of the changes here.

1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP

Comments on this DEP may be submitted to the Administrator using one of the following
options:

Shell DEPs Online Enter the Shell DEPs Online system at

(Users with access to
Shell DEPs Online)
https://www.shelldeps.com
Select a DEP and then go to the details screen for
that DEP.
Click on the “Give feedback” link, fill in the online
form and submit.

DEP Feedback System Enter comments directly in the DEP Feedback

(Users with access to System which is accessible from the Technical
Shell Wide Web) Standards Portal http://sww.shell.com/standards.
Select “Submit DEP Feedback”, fill in the online form
and submit.

DEP Standard Form Use DEP Standard Form 00.00.05.80-Gen. to record

(Other users) feedback and email the form to the Administrator at
standards@shell.com.

Feedback that has been registered in the DEP Feedback System by using one of the above
options will be reviewed by the DEP Custodian for potential improvements to the DEP.

1.7 DUAL UNITS

This DEP contains both the International System (SI) units, as well as the corresponding
US Customary (USC) units, which are given following the SI units in brackets. When
agreed by the Principal, the indicated USC values/units may be used.

1.8 NOTATIONS IN MARGIN

The following notations are given in the margin of certain clauses in this DEP:
(R) Regulatory/Authority requirements (i.e., International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
regulatory, maritime regulatory (IMO-SOLAS, Lloyds), local statutory/ authority
requirements, etc.)
(S) System configuration/redundancy to comply with safety needs and requirements.
(i.e., equipment protection needs to confirm system availability and/or robustness,
inter equipments integration for safety needs, etc.).
(O) To comply with Principal/operational needs and requirements (i.e., to confirm
services availability within operational/emergency requirements and safety needs).
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2. GENERAL

2.1 PURPOSE OF DRILLING TELECOMMUNICATIONS

The purpose of this DEP is to define the telecommunications services and facilities required
for safe and efficient operations during drilling activities. Drilling activities can take place on
facilities ranging from small onshore drill rigs to large offshore drilling platforms with
accommodation and welfare services. The drilling activity is typically of a short duration and
can take place anywhere (offshore, desert, jungle, swamp, arctic, etc.), sometimes
consisting of a series of drilling in several places but in close proximity.
These requirements shall be complied with, regardless of the ownership of the facility -
Principal owned, leased or otherwise.
The purpose of the drilling telecommunications facilities are described in the following three
groups in order of priority.

Safety Facilities for compliance with the Principal's safety policy and
telecommunications mandatory national and local regulations.
Telecommunication systems specifically designated as
mandatory for national/local regulations include systems to
operate on the international maritime distress and aeronautical
band frequencies.
Telecommunication systems specifically designated as
mandatory for safety requirements include systems onsite
voice/alarm broadcast and two-way voice communication for
emergency response.

Operational Facilities for compliance with the Principal's safety policy and
telecommunications mandatory national and local regulations.
Telecommunication systems specifically designated as
mandatory for national/local regulations include systems to
operate on the international maritime distress and aeronautical
band frequencies.
Telecommunication systems specifically designated as
mandatory for safety requirements include systems onsite
voice/alarm broadcast and two-way voice communication for
emergency response.

Non-essential Non-mandatory systems that enhance personnel welfare and

telecommunications recreation in installations that have accommodations. They
also provide administrative data systems.

2.2 DRILLING ENVIRONMENT

The drilling environment usually consists of a number of different facilities including drill
rigs, administration offices, control room, logistic bases and accommodations (also called
camps). Each element requires different telecommunication services related to their
function.
There are three kinds of drilling environments as follows:

Onshore Drilling is performed on solid earth (land - including urban, desert and
drilling jungle areas). In this case, the rig is separated from the other facilities,
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namely: administration, logistics and control and accommodation. They

are, however, positioned close to each other.
The drill rigs are smaller units, operating with minimum number of
personnel, often with administration/logistic facilities located nearby in a
safe area, remote from the drill rigs.
For batch drilling of production/development wells, the drilling
programme is arranged so that the camp remains static to avoid the
expense and disruption of moving while the rig drills several holes in the
vicinity. This is typical in desert and forest environments.
At very remote locations, the drilling operations may require the
provision of overnight accommodation/camps. Non-essential IT services
will be required for welfare purposes in this case.
Offshore Drilling is either performed from a production platform or from a purpose
drilling built platform or vessel located several kilometres from land on a large
body of water. It can be shallow or deep offshore.
Telecommunications equipment and systems for offshore drilling
platforms operated by the Principal shall be based on the offshore
telecommunication requirements in DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen, in addition to
this drilling communication DEP.
Drilling services on a production platform use the platform telecom
services with additional services specific to drilling requirements as
defined in (3) and (4).
There is no communication distinction between camp and rig as they are
effectively combined.
Welfare services telecommunications and the Principal’s data network
shall be separate.
Swamp A slot is dredged on a swampy area to make the drilling location
drilling accessible by water.
The drilling barge may contain both the rig and the accommodation. In
some cases, anchored house boats are used to provide the living
accommodation. In this scenario, a radio communications link shall be
established between the house boats and the rigs.

2.3 SERVICE REQUIREMENTS

The following services and facilities are normally required in most of the rigs:

Services for a) Emergency shutdown systems as required in the

safety Operational Safety Case (OSC)
b) Emergency back-up communications with the head office,
operational office and with the capability to communicate
nationally and internationally
c) Emergency evacuation communication
d) Muster point alarm
e) Voice broadcast and alarm communication to areas of the
rig and camp site
f) Voice communication with the operational office and supply
base
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g) Voice communication for aviation and maritime support

Services for a) Collision Avoidance System for offshore operations

Operations b) Voice communication with support services in the local area
such as vessels, vehicles and helicopter
c) Voice communications between camp and rig
d) Voice data, fax and e-mail communication to and from the
operational office, head office and supply base
e) Voice and messaging service communication with staff
within rig and within camp sites
f) Network management system

Non-essential a) Welfare services (e.g., Internet access for leisure)

requirements b) Entertainment is needed in offshore

2.4 NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION AUTHORITY

Contact with the National Telecommunication Authority (usually a department or agency of
government) shall be made by the Principal for each project in which telecommunication is
included. The Principal shall ensure that all licences for use of any telecommunication
equipment and systems where required is obtained.
(R) In all cases, the Principal shall ensure that those systems connected to the public
communication network and all systems based on radio transmission (plant radio, paging)
have the approval of the National Telecommunication Authority. This approval is required
for official spectrum/frequencies assignment.
Application to the National Telecommunication Authority for the necessary approvals shall
be made at the earliest opportunity.
Regulatory authorities should be informed and involved if extensive private communications
systems are required for construction and later operation of the rig, (see
DEP 32.71.00.31-Gen.).
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3. COMMON DRILLING TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

This Section addresses the systems that are common to all drilling environments (onshore,
offshore and swamp drilling).
The design, fabrication and implementation of a vessel for offshore and swamp drilling shall
be compliant with DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen. and the additional standards stated in this DEP.
For onshore rigs, the administration/logistic facilities are subject to normal Principal IT
services for office locations and are not included in the scope of this DEP. Requirements for
communication from the drill rig to the administration office are included in this DEP.
The Principal often ensures connection from the rig to the nearest Principal’s
telecommunication base.

3.1 COMMON SAFETY SYSTEMS

The exhaustive requirements for safety shall include the statements below and all that is
stated in the Operational Safety Case for the field in question. This will determine all the
safety systems and the responsibilities.
(S) The safety requirements for onshore drilling communications shall be based on
DEP 32.71.00.11–Gen. and additional the standards mentioned in this DEP. Refer to
relevant sections for mentioned telecommunication system/standard in referenced DEP for
details.
(S) For offshore and swamp drilling, the safety requirements for drilling communications shall
be based on the DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen. and the additional standards mentioned in this
DEP. Refer to relevant sections for mentioned telecommunication system/standard in
referenced DEP for details.
(R) For offshore and swamp rigs, the level and type of equipment provided shall conform to the
latest GMDSS amendments of 1974 SOLAS convention concerning radio communications
and to the latest amendments to the 1989 code for the construction and equipment of
MODUs. Note that under the GMDSS regulations, the equipment required depends on the
sea area where the platform/facility is located. A platform/facility is not directly comparable
with a ship since most platforms/facilities will have a permanent means of communication
with shore which can be used to summon help in the event of an emergency.
3.1.1 Emergency/backup voice and data communication
(S) In addition to the routine voice communication telephones provided, satellite telephones
shall be provided as backup and alternate means of emergency communication between
the facility and other locations including to shore.
The satellite telephones shall be installed in control and emergency rooms as a minimum.
(S) Only certified Intrinsically Safe (IS) satellite phones shall be used in hazardous areas.
These satellite phones shall be ATEX certified for the specific zones classification or NEC
certified for the specific classes and divisions.
(S) GSM based or conventional mobile phones shall not be used.
Inmarsat or any other satellite based emergency transmission system should be used to
provide data access to the corporate network with the use of VPN (Virtual Private Network)
connection to the Principal’s network.
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3.2 COMMON OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS

Certain telecommunications systems are provided to enhance the efficiency of drilling
operations. The failure of these systems on their own does not necessitate the shutdown of
drilling operations and the facility.
Operational telecommunications should be typified by high availability and reliability with
monitoring of the system to give an early indication of failure. Redundant (duplicated)
systems should be used to achieve higher availability.
3.2.1 Telecom transmission system (backhauling)
3.2.1.1 Links description
A main primary telecommunications link shall be established for communication between
the rig site/camp site and the shore to support all safety and operational systems in the rig.
A secondary telecommunications link may be established as a back-up for the primary
telecommunication link for improved safety and operational reliability. The secondary
telecommunication link capacity should not be less than the capacity required to fully
support the safety systems in the rig.
(O) The primary and all secondary links shall have the following characteristics:
 Ability to support all the services required in the rig by itself (independent of the
other)
 Ability to work seamlessly with other links

 Always active
See (Appendix 1) for details on telecommunication options and (Appendix 2) for bandwidth
options.
3.2.1.2 Dedicated link options
All telecommunication links shall comply with the Principal’s OCF specifications – GC.006
and GC.050.
Where the rig location is within the LOS (Line-of-Sight) range to any existing facility that
would allow for a dedicated radio connection, digital microwave radio should be used to
provision the telecommunication link. This solution provides the best quality, bandwidth and
network performance.
Where the rig location is remote and not near any Principal platform or facility that would
allow for a digital microwave radio connection, satellite technology (typically VSAT) shall be
used to provide a telecommunications link.
All equipment and cables installed SHALL [PS] be ATEX-approved for use in hazardous
areas including all zones or NEC-approved for all classes/divisions that it traverses.
RF carrying cables shall meet the requirements of BS 6656 standard (or equivalent) for the
areas they traverse.
3.2.1.3 Location of equipment and antennae
(S) To ensure continuous unobstructed signal reception and security for the equipment, the
following considerations shall be made when installing antennae on drilling rigs.
a) All cables carrying RF signals shall comply with BS 6656 to cross a hazardous zone.
b) Only areas designated as safe (that is non-hazardous) shall have antennae installed.
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c) Antennae should not be facing a hazardous zone. Where they cannot be avoided, only
situations that comply with BS 6656 standards shall be allowed.
d) There shall be unobstructed line of sight.
(S) Where a tower will need to be built, the design should be done at the conceptual phase due
to the impact it has on the rig’s overall structure. The telecommunications antennae shall
not be installed on the derrick.
See DEP 32.71.00.11-Gen., Section 5, DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen. and DEP 32.71.00.14-Gen.
for more details on locating a radio antennae or satellite dish and constructing a mast.
3.2.2 Principal’s network access options
Access to the Principal’s network and computing infrastructure may be established using
either a VPN (Virtual Private Network) connection via a third party network from the rig or a
dedicated telecommunications link between the rig and a base. The VPN can be either
individual connections from their personal systems or a shared VPN access from a data
communications device like a Router.
Individual connections over VPN via a third party network should be the preferred option for
a connection where the number of personnel and systems at the rig are few (typically 3 or
less). A VPN connection shall be made from the rig to the Principal’s network in accordance
with the Principal’s OCF specifications – GC.006 and GC.050.
Connection over a dedicated link should be used when the number of people at the rig is
typically more than 4.
In both connections, tests should be performed to ensure that both the medium and the
infrastructure used supports the proper function of all relevant applications.
3.2.2.1 Applications
The Principal should be consulted regarding installation of applications on the computer
systems. Applications shall include the following as a minimum:
 Standard GI office applications

 Specific wells applications, e.g., Insight and Openwire

 Messaging software with telephony capability
3.2.3 Data communication
The GST-1001 standard provides guidance on the design of a data network.
A router shall be used as the data communication equipment that will interface with the
telecommunication links providing communication with the head office. The equipment used
here shall support voice settings. The equipment/infrastructure used to provide Internet
access for non GID systems shall have a firewall separating them.
Access switches shall be used to provide Ethernet connectivity for users and systems.
All telecommunication and data communication equipment shall be housed in a cabinet
located in the Telecoms Equipment Room (TER) or an equivalent secured area within the
rig site/camp site.
All data communication systems shall have sufficient security and shall be compliant to the
Principal’s group IRM requirements.
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3.2.4 Voice/telephone system

All rigs shall have a reliable and integrated telephone system to facilitate voice
communication.
For further guidance for the telephone system, see DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen., Section 3 for
offshore and swamp, and DEP 32.71.00.10-Gen, Section 3 for onshore.
3.2.5 Real Time Operations Centre (RTOC)
(O) RTOC is optional. Where it is needed in a rig, it shall have connection to an RTOC centre
located in its region. The RTOC shall run on a safe cell (GRE tunnel) separate from the
GID.
As a minimum, the composition of the rig RTOC should be:
 A video conferencing system connected to the Principal’s GI Video VLAN network

 Dedicated router and switches

 Separated LAN from GID network

RTOC in the rig shall provide the following:
a) Available 24/7 and “always on” capability
b) Have “on-demand” capability where hubs, satellites and rigs can
connect/disconnect as needed (i.e., no advance booking)
c) Synchronized audio and video with extremely limited lag
d) Video Conferencing system
The network for Rig-in-a-Box shall be separate from the normal data network. A physical
firewall shall be used as part of the infrastructure to achieve this separation.
Quality of Service (QoS) should be implemented on the WAN link. The Principal’s network
configuration authority shall give advice on the options if QoS is implemented.
3.2.6 Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) surveillance system
Offshore and swamp rigs: CCTV is an optional provision requiring Principal’s approval.
For details, refer to DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen., Section 3.
Onshore: An integrated CCTV system shall be provided to facilitate intruder detection,
surveillance and process monitoring. For further guidance regarding access security and
intrusion detection systems, see DEP 32.71.00.10-Gen., Section 7.
Where CCTV traffic is required as part of RTOC traffic, the telecommunication link
bandwidth shall be checked for adequacy.
All CCTV cameras and associated devices in the field shall be rated safe for the area
classifications where they will be installed.
3.2.7 Network Management System (NMS)
A NMS should be provided with configuration, monitoring and data logging facilities
covering all the transmission systems. The NMS terminal should be located in an “always
manned” location, such as the CCR or OCR in the Principal’s facility.
3.2.8 Radio tower
To be able to provide communications links and services, a telecommunications tower or
equivalent structure is needed for mounting radio antennae of sufficient height for line of
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sight microwave radio and to provide sufficient coverage to other radio services as well
(DTRS, VHF-FM/AM, etc).
Consideration shall be given to the exact location on the vessel or rig where the tower will
be installed, the distance between the tower and the equipment room, as well as
interference with helicopter operations, crane operations and any other safety challenges
that may exist in the facility. A compromise is often made for an acceptable solution.
(S) The derrick of the rig shall NOT be used for this for safety reasons.
In the case of orbital VSAT antenna space on facility, HSSE shall be the main
consideration. The antennae shall have auto tracking.
For details for this system, see DEP 32.71.00.14-Gen. and DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen.
This facility applies to all drilling environments.

3.3 NON-ESSENTIAL SYSTEMS

Non-essential telecommunications systems and equipment have a low priority status. Non
availability of these systems should not have any significant impact on normal offshore
drilling operations. They include the following groups:
 Entertainment systems provided for the welfare of personnel

 Welfare services

 Administrative data systems are also deemed non-essential.

All non-essential equipment shall be supplied with a Non-UPS system.
3.3.1 Entertainment systems
The entertainment systems on the facility should take into consideration the design of the
vessel or rig.
3.3.2 Welfare services
Welfare services will depend on the HR policy of country and region. Generally, the
following is required.
 Access to public voice networks - Access to public telephone networks should be
provided to enable personnel in the accommodation to contact family and other
individuals not affiliated with the Principal.
During an emergency at the rig site, this means of communication (inbound and
outbound) should be controlled.
 Access to the Internet - Access to the internet and a public electronic mailing system
should be provided to enable personnel in the accommodation to contact family and
other individuals not affiliated with the Principal.

4. OFFSHORE DRILLING SPECIFICS

This section focuses on specific requirements peculiar to offshore and swamp drilling
environments, except where there is significant variation, then the requirements will be
highlighted and dealt with separately.

4.1 OFFSHORE SAFETY SYSTEMS

4.1.1 Lifeboat/survival craft telecommunications
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(R) All lifeboats/survival crafts shall be provided with equipment that complies with IMO SOLAS
and GMDSS standards. They shall be equipped with radios, search and rescue radar
transponders (SART) and emergency position-indicating radio beacons (EPIRB).
For details on lifeboats and survival craft for offshore, refer to DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen.,
Section 3.
This facility applies to both offshore and swamp drilling environments.
4.1.2 PAGA (Public Address and General Alarm System) system
The rig SHALL [PS] be provided a PAGA system with capability to be clearly heard within
all parts of the rig, where audio communication is practicable and people are frequently
present.
Further details and guidance for the PAGA system is given in DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen. for
offshore platforms.
4.1.3 Marine radio
(R) A multi-channel VHF FM marine band radio in compliance to IMO SOLAS and GMDSS
requirements shall be provided for routine communication with nearby shipping and other
installations.
For details on marine radio, refer to DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen., Section 3. This facility applies
to both offshore and swamp drilling environment.
4.1.4 Aviation radio
(R) An aviation radio system is needed in offshore rigs to facilitate helicopter operations. A VHF
AM radio system shall be provided in compliance with ICAO requirements for routine
operational and emergency communications.
For details on aviation radio, refer to DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen., Section 3. This facility applies
to both offshore and swamp drilling environment.
4.1.5 Non-Directional Aeronautical Radio Beacon (NDB)
(R) The Non Directional Beacon (NDB) is a Low Frequency (LF) transmitter that transmits the
platform call sign and thus provides direction for the helicopter to the facility. Installation of
the NDB shall conform to ICAO CAP 437 and other international/local regulations and
specifications.
For details on aviation radio, refer to DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen., Section 3.
4.1.6 Collision avoidance system
(R) A system to alert or warn nearby vessels of potential hazards shall be provided. This
collision avoidance system shall provide the position of the facility in all-weather or
restricted visibility conditions. This is a mandatory system as per maritime (IMO and
SOLAS) regulation requirements and shall be installed in all offshore facilities.
4.1.6.1 Automatic Identification System (AIS)
Automatic Identification System is used for identifying and locating vessels by electronically
exchanging data with other nearby ships and AIS Base stations. AIS may functionally
replace RACON.
(R) In line with IMO and SOLAS requirements, all offshore vessels or ships with gross tonnage
of 300 or more tons, and all ships with personnel regardless of size, shall be fitted with AIS.
AIS shall be implemented in offshore and swamp drilling rigs.
For details on AIS, refer to DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen. Section 3.
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4.1.6.2 Marine Radar Transponder Beacon (RACON)

RACON is used mostly for fixed structures. It is the primary method of collision avoidance
for water transport.
Offshore and swamp platforms that have AIS implemented should not need to have
RACON implemented. This Principal shall confirm this requirement to enable compliance
with local/national regulations.
The RACON implementation shall be frequency agile with response time of typically
700 nanoseconds.
For details on RACON, refer to DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen., Section 3.

4.2 OFFSHORE OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS

4.2.1 On facility radio communication
On-facility radio communication between facility personnel shall be provided. It is useful
when normal and fixed telephone or fixed intercom is not possible or unavailable. It
supports both operational and emergency communication needs.
For details, refer to DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen., Section 3.2.1.2.
This facility applies to both offshore and swamp drilling environment.
4.2.2 Crane communications
Crane operation is part of drilling operations. The crane communication system shall
provide a means of communication between a crane operator and the supply vessel and
the deck crew during the crane operating period.
Details for this can be found in DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen., Section 3.
This facility applies to both offshore and swamp drilling environment.
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5. ONSHORE DRILLING SPECIFICS

This section addresses requirements that are specific to onshore drilling only.

5.1 ONSHORE SAFETY SYSTEMS

The rig’s safety systems shall be designed and implemented in accordance with
DEP 32.71.00.11-Gen., in addition to this DEP specification.
5.1.1 On and near facility radio communications
As a safety critical requirement, a facility for communication between personnel on the rig
site/camp site apart from fixed telephone or intercom shall be provided.
(S) The radio communication shall have capability to cover all parts of the rig.
Due to the small size and capacity requirement of a rig (typically not more than 16 handheld
radios), installing a standard trunked radio system, such as TETRA, is not necessary.
A UHF Trunk Radio System shall be implemented to support both operational and
emergency communication needs.
Further guidance for the radio communication system is given in DEP 32.71.00.10-Gen.,
Section 4.

5.2 ONSHORE OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS

5.2.1 Principal’s network access options
Due to the frequent movement of land rigs over an area for drilling, telecommunication
options shall be properly evaluated at each drilling point. This will be necessary because of
environmental conditions and communications coverage range.
Connections shall be either via VPN or a dedicated link as detailed in (3.2.2).
When the rig moves from its current point to another for further drilling, another evaluation
shall be done to see if the same connection can be used. If not, then another provisioning
shall be made based on the same plan as the original or a different link should be
considered.
5.2.2 Access security and intrusion detection
The security systems for the rig should be commensurate to the assessed threat identified
by security risk assessment. Counter measures should be in-line with baseline security
criteria described in the GSS (2007) Security Procedures Manual and take into
consideration National Government Security Policies.
(O) A fully integrated telecommunications system shall be provided to support the threats and
security plan for the rig.
Systems and procedures control the specified area and establish the number of people
within that area.
Further guidance for the access security and intrusion detection system is given in
DEP 32.71.00.10-Gen., Section 8 and the Shell Group Security Standards and Security
Manual.
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6. SHUTDOWN OF TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

6.1 EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SYSTEM (ESD)

6.1.1 Remote shutdown
This typically applies where there is a pipeline operation and where there is a necessity to
protect other infrastructure. It is required to give neighbouring production platforms the
ability to do a remote shutdown of drilling operations. The Operational Safety Case shall be
checked to see if it explicitly states this.
There shall be facility in the rig to initiate a remote shutdown.
This applies to offshore and swamp environments.
6.1.2 Electrical isolation/shutdown
(S) Only certified, intrinsically-safe equipment (e.g., portable radios) and therefore, suitable for
use in hazardous areas, shall be used in this situation. However, base stations and
microwave radio equipment are not generally intrinsically safe and, it is usually not
practicable to provide flameproof enclosures. During the design phase, it is therefore
important to prevent flammable gas penetrating the telecommunications spaces.
Various scenarios shall be considered and a plan created showing which equipment will
remain operational under prevailing circumstances.
6.1.3 Shutdown during perforating
(S) Certain downhole tasks, such as perforating, require the use of explosives and detonators.
While there is a growing trend to use detonators which are unaffected by extraneous radio
and electrical energy, their use is by no means universal and precautions shall be taken to
avoid premature detonation. Refer to BS 6657. Of most concern is the lower spectrum of
radio frequencies such as MF, HF and VHF and the relative high power associated with
transmitters using these frequencies. The power feeds to such equipment shall be clearly
identified. A simple method of isolation shall be provided and all safety procedures
followed.
Since negligible hazard exists from line-of-sight microwave antennas facing away from the
site, normal operation of these links and area radio systems during perforation activities is
acceptable.
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7. POWER SUPPLIES

7.1 POWER OPTIONS

For power sources and alternative power supply for offshore and swamp drilling, refer to
DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen., Section 7.
All equipment that provides mandatory/safety related services shall be powered from an
uninterruptible, maintained, electrical power supply system. See DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen.,
Sections 4.2 and 4.9 and see DEP 33.65.50.31-Gen.
NOTE: DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen. covers electrical facilities up to and including the main supply facilities for
telecommunication equipment. Some telecommunications equipment is provided with a packaged or
integral DC or AC UPS which may be specified and supplied without reference to
DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen.

7.2 POWER AUTONOMY AND PROTECTION

(S) All mandatory telecommunication systems shall be powered by an UPS system. The
battery back-up or other sources of emergency power supply back-up shall be made
available due to criticality of the system. The duration of the autonomy time is determined
by local and regulatory requirements, typically from 24 to 96 hours. The autonomy time
should be calculated and designed to perform until completion of the facility PAFA/PAPA
emergency evacuation process.
(O) All equipment shall be protected against the following:
a) Power supply unreliability
b) Surges and spikes
c) Low and high voltages
d) Poor earths and configuration changes.
The backup power duration shall be determined by local and regulatory requirements.
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8. CABLES AND CABLING

For details on cables and cabling for offshore and swamp drilling, refer to
DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen., Section 8.
(R) All cables shall comply with the relevant applicable safety lEC recommendations and with
the regulation of the country of installation.
Structured wiring for data is guided by DEP 32.71.00.30-Gen. and GST-1008.
Telephone cabling is guided by DEP 32.71.00.16-Gen.
(R) Fire resistance type cables (including fibre optic cables) are recommended for all outdoor
cables. Fire resistant cables insulation and composition shall comply with the requirements
of IEC 60331 fire resistance and shall comply with IEC 60332 fire retardant requirements.
Outdoor junction boxes shall have degree of protection to IP 65 at minimum in accordance
to IEC 60529.
Cables used for RF transmission shall be compliant to the protection standards stated in
IEC 60079 standards for use in hazardous areas.
All cables shall be suitable for continuous operation under ambient temperatures and
humidity.
(R) Smoke generation definition, equipment, test and light transmission criteria shall comply
with the IEC 61034-1 and IEC 61034-2.
(O) Signal cables shall be routed in such a way as to avoid electrical electromagnetic
interference from other cables or equipment. High voltage cable wiring shall be segregated
from low voltage wiring. Power supply cables shall be segregated.
Junction boxes shall comply with the area classification and be easily accessible from the
normal standing position without a need for ladders or scaffolding. A system of marking and
documenting the cables, the pairs and terminal strips shall be provided.
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9. REFERENCES
In this DEP, reference is made to the following publications:
NOTES: 1. Unless specifically designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used,
together with any amendments/supplements/revisions thereto.

2. The DEPs and most referenced external standards are available to Shell staff on the SWW (Shell
Wide Web) at http://sww.shell.com/standards/.

SHELL STANDARDS
DEP feedback form DEP 00.00.05.80-Gen.
Plant telecommunication DEP 32.71.00.10-Gen.
Telecommunication standards DEP 32.71.00.11-Gen.
Telecommunications for offshore platforms DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen.
Telecommunications towers and guyed masts DEP 32.71.00.14-Gen.
Design and installation of telephone cabling DEP 32.71.00.16-Gen.
Structured cabling systems for telecommunications DEP 32.71.00.30-Gen.
Microwave systems DEP 32.71.00.31-Gen.
Electrical engineering design DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen.
Static DC uninterruptible power supply (DC UPS) units DEP 33.65.50.31-Gen.
OCF specifications GC.050
OCF specifications GC.006
LAN/WAN hardware standard and design guide GST-1001
Structured cabling standard GST-1008
GSS (2007) Security Procedures
Shell Group Security Standards and Security Manual

AMERICAN STANDARDS
Air Interface for Broadband Wireless Access Systems – IEEE 802.16
IEEE Computer Society

BRITISH STANDARDS
Assessment of inadvertent ignition of flammable atmospheres by BS 6656
radio-frequency radiation Guide – Remains Current
Assessment of inadvertent initiation of bridge wire electro- BS 6657
explosive devices by radio-frequency radiation guide
CORR 14499: June 30, 2003; Remains Current

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Standards for Offshore Helicopter Landing Areas ICAO CAP 437
Issued by: UK Civil Aviation Authority

Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) IEC 60529

Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres IEC 60079
Fire resisting characteristics for electrical cables (All parts) IEC 60331
Tests on electrical cables under fire conditions (Parts 1 to 3) IEC 60332
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Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined IEC 61034-1

conditions - Part 1: Test apparatus
Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined IEC 61034-2
conditions – Part 2: Test procedure and requirements
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 SOLAS 1974
(SOLAS 1974). (Amendments 1986). Consolidated Edition, 2009
International Maritime Organization, International Convention for SOLAS, Consolidated
the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), Consolidated Edition 2009, Edition 2009
including new regulation III/1.5 approved in May 2011

For other standards that may be indirectly related to this DEP, refer to the standards listed
in DEP 32.71.00.10-Gen., DEP 32.71.00.11-Gen. and DEP 32.71.00.12-Gen.
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APPENDIX 1 WAN TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

The primary link should be provisioned based on the following technology in order of
preference:
a) Cable (fibre)
b) Microwave radio
c) WIMAX
d) LTE
e) VSAT technology.
The chosen technology for a particular rig will depend on the terrain, distance and any
environmental constraints.
The medium/technology offering by the Principal or its representative available in the area
of the rig operation shall be of first consideration provided it is suitable for the
telecommunication services required by the rig.
The main telecommunication link used for communication between the rig site/camp site
and the shore shall be suitable for voice and data communication. Its bandwidth should
support all systems required at the drilling site.
As a minimum, the components that utilize the bandwidth in a drilling rig are stated in
(Appendix 2).
To ensure continued operations in a drilling site, there may be a need to have at least one
backup or secondary telecommunication link in the event of failure of the main link.
If the decision favours a secondary link, the details will be as follows:
 The secondary telecommunication shall be suitable for voice and data
communication. Its bandwidth shall support all the systems required at the rig
site/camp site.
 A secondary link shall be provided based on of the technology options stated above.
The chosen technology for a particular rig will depend on the terrain, distance and
any environmental constraints.
 The operational factors (e.g., distance for radio) that affect the primary link shall not
affect the secondary, so to protect availability in the event of failure.

1.1 CABLE (FIBRE OPTIC)

(O) All fibre optic data links used shall be single mode full duplex.
The bandwidth, length and speed that fibre can support is really limitless. Fibre optic
technology is very suitable for hazardous areas.

1.2 MICROWAVE RADIO

(O) Digital Microwave radio shall be the next preference after cable. The technology is very
mature, reliable, cost effective and widespread.
This design process shall ensure that outage requirements are met on a per link and
system basis. The frequency allocation plan is based on four elements: the local frequency
regulatory authority requirements, selected radio transmitter and receiver characteristics,
antenna characteristics, and potential intra-system and inter-system RF interference. 
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Predominantly, line-of-sight (LOS) microwave is used.

It is suitable in the following conditions:
a) Cable is not possible due to disturbances it would suffer in the course of laying it
b) Need for private networks
c) High bandwidth is required
d) Communication between and from offshore platforms
e) Long distances need to be covered in undeveloped areas or offshore
f) Relatively cheaper solution need
g) Rig is near to the Principal’s base
(O) Microwave will typically be within 50 km (30 mi) in most conditions for reliable
communication. Given the peculiar conditions of the operation environment, different levels
of diversity features should be built in to ensure robustness and overall availability of the
link. At a minimum, the microwave link used shall be configured for space diversity.
Microwave is preferred for use in drilling operations due to its ability to carry relatively large
bandwidths (up to 155 Mbps) and easy to setup. It operates between a 300 MHz and
30 Ghz frequency band. It also has very robust performance in all weather conditions.
However, since microwave radio involves the transmission of signals through free space by
modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light, care
shall be taken that these wave do not cross hazardous areas.
1.2.1 Point-to-point links
Point-to-point radio links transmit signals from one location to another. Repeaters may be
used to span the distance between the end points or to provide service to additional sites
along the route. All links shall be digital transmission.
Digital point-to-point microwave links have capacities of 2, 8, 34 or 140 Mbps, providing
between 30 and 2000 traffic channels. Intermediate capacities and very small systems with
less than 2 Mbps capacity are also available for specialized applications.
Recent technologies (e.g., combinations of Radios/Antennae) allow for greater capacities
up to multiples of 100Mbps. This of course is dependent on components and environmental
factors.
This section does not by any means try to exhaustively address the full breath of
microwave (either point-to-point or point-to-multipoint) technologies and capacities.
This section attempts to relate closely to the Microwave DEP (DEP 32.71.00.31-Gen.).
For details on microwave systems, see DEP 32.71.00.31-Gen.
1.2.2 Point-to-multipoint links
Point-to-multipoint radio links transmit signals from one location to multiple locations. Time
Division Multiple Access (TDMA) radio systems are a specific type of microwave which is
used to provide communication to multiple locations within the coverage area.
The system comprises a central station and multiple outstations. The central station is the
interface to the telephone exchange, controls the set-up and clear-down of calls and
provides the system timing. The outstations are much simpler and provide one or more
telephone or data lines at remote locations. The primary coverage area of approximately
40 km (24 mi) radius can be extended by means of repeaters.
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This section does not by any means tries to exhaustively address the full breath of
microwave (either point-to-point or point-to-multipoint) technologies and capacities.
This section attempts to relate closely to the Microwave DEP (DEP 32.71.00.31-Gen.).
For details on microwave systems, see DEP 32.71.00.31-Gen.

1.3 WIMAX
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless microwave
communication technology for delivering high-speed data to large geographical areas. It
can also do point to point communication. Recent WiMAX revision provides bit rates up to
1 Gbps for fixed stations. It is a part of the “fourth generation,” or 4G, of wireless-
communication technology.
WiMAX far surpasses the 30 m (100 ft) wireless range of a conventional Wi-Fi local area
network (LAN), offering a metropolitan area network with a signal radius of about 50 km
(30 mi) with data rates up to 75 Mbps downlink and 25 Mbps uplink.
WiMAX is based on IEEE Std 802.16-2009.
WiMAX is a mature technology currently used to provide connectivity for some vessels and
rigs from close facilities.
For details on WiMAX see, DEP 32.71.00.11-Gen.

1.4 LTE
3GPP LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution) is the long term
evolution of GSM/EDGE and 3GPP UMTS/HSPA cellular technology. It is also part of the
“fourth generation” or 4G wireless-communication technology which refers to the next
generation of wireless technology that promises higher data rates and expanded
multimedia services up to 100 Mbps for mobile access and 1 Gbps for data terminals.
The LTE specification provides down-link peak rates of 300 Mbps, uplink peak rates of
75 Mbps and QoS provisions permitting round-trip times of less than 10 ms.
LTE can operate in the frequency band of 800 MHz to 2.63 GHz and is closely regulated by
National Telecommunication Authorities.
It is a new area in the telecommunication industry and in telecommunication system
deployments. The Principal may not deploy this service itself but is expected to be used for
providing network connectivity for vessels, barges, and rigs from nearby (offshore)
production locations as well as hub-spoke type field development when mature.
Telecommunications Standard DEP 32.71.00.11-Gen. has more details.

1.5 SATELLITE LINKS - (VSAT)

VSAT technology is a mature technology used extensively. It is mainly used as a back-up
link but may also be used as the main link to reach remote locations especially offshore,
making it a key technology for offshore and swamp drilling applications.
Satellite systems use microwave frequencies and free space propagation to link ground
terminals to the satellite by way of uplink and downlink. The present generation of
geostationary satellites are simply ‘repeaters in the sky’ with little or no switching capability.
All the switching is done on the ground. Specific frequency bands are used for satellite
communication systems.
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As with terrestrial microwave systems, there are two types of satellite configuration, star
(point-to-point) and mesh (point-to-multipoint). The mesh (DAMA) systems allow any
terminal in the system to use the pre-assigned system bandwidth to contact any other
station directly. A separate control station sets the configuration and downloads it to all the
ground station terminals.
Since most satellite systems use high frequencies (11 GHz and higher) to reduce the size
of the ground station antennas, rain attenuation can be significant, particularly in tropical
regions, and shall be allowed for in link budget calculations.
As the satellite will be subject to solar events, an occasional few minutes outage should be
expected.
VSAT (C band and Ku band) can be used for drilling operations in conditions where
microwave is not possible. It should be the preferred option for backup links.
For more details, see telecommunications standard DEP 32.71.00.11-Gen. and for
microwave systems, see DEP 32.71.00.31-Gen.
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APPENDIX 2 BANDWIDTH OPTIONS

2.1 NETWORK SIZING

The correct estimation of the likely total data traffic is important as it will affect the choice
and sizing of the carrier. All applications requiring regular data transfer shall be identified to
determine the minimum necessary data rate and likely quantity of data. The data network
shall be sized using this information.
Due to the variety of the systems and network component in rigs, a design shall consider
the following in determining the sizing:
a) Desktop telephones
b) Desktop computers
c) LAN ports
d) Real Time Operations Centre Unit (optional)
e) Number of simultaneous instances each of drilling applications
f) Drilling/rig log data
g) Video conferencing units/requirements
h) The total of above is expected to work acceptably with the bandwidth available

2.2 BANDWIDTH SIZING

The latency for the links should be a maximum of 750 ms for VSAT and 30 ms for other
media.
The size of the primary link should be a minimum 512 Kbps (where the number of users is
less than 10) and not less than 1 Mbps in other larger sites.
A secondary link, if deployed, should not be less than half of the size of the primary link as
a minimum. It may be of the same size as the primary link when conditions demand so as
decided by the Principal. The size of this link shall not be less than 512 kbps (512 kilobits
per second) regardless of the media or technology to avoid performance issues.
An option that can be used for the secondary link sizing is a bandwidth On-Demand
technology, like VSAT (DAMA). Where RTOC is used in the rig, a minimum of 512 kbps
shall be provided on either link.