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Effect of Factors On The Hydrogen Composition in The Carburizing Process
Effect of Factors On The Hydrogen Composition in The Carburizing Process
Effect of Factors On The Hydrogen Composition in The Carburizing Process
8238-8244
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 19 (2017) pp. 8238-8244
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
existence of the j-flow from the ambient environment to the Thus, according to both viewpoints, the material transfer
steel surface. The dynamic of this process is that, there exists coefficient depends mainly on the carburizing temperature and
a boundary layer at the gas-solid separator interface, at which concentration/content gas. At a specified carburizing
the carbon concentration in the environment ever-decreases to temperature, the carbon transfer coefficient depends entirely
the steel surface [1]. The carbon transfer coefficient () on the carburizing concentration/ content gas. In particular,
depends mainly on the concentration of carburizing gas, and is the carbon transfer coefficient depends very much on the H 2
given in Table 1. content in the carburizing gas as well as the characteristics of
carburizing environment. By studying the factors influence
Table 1. The carbon transfer coefficient with different
the H2 gas composition, the carburizing process will be
carburizing gas [4]
determined and controlled in order to ensure the optimum
Carburizing gas Ratio CO:H2 β [cm/s.10-7] performance. Therefore, study of the factors affecting the
composition of hydrogen gas in the carburizing environment
CO+CO2 99/0 0.54
in case of gasified carbon is an urgent requirement and will be
Methanol+CH4 (<4.1%) 33/64 235-280 carried out in this work.
Methanol+H2 20/78 220
Where:
(ac) is the carbon activity of the carburizing environment
Figure 2: Transferred carbon schematic in the carburizing
<ac> the carbon activity in the steel process [1]
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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 19 (2017) pp. 8238-8244
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 19 (2017) pp. 8238-8244
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
8241
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 19 (2017) pp. 8238-8244
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
For complete reaction (b), the CO2/gas ratio must be greater C. Effect of temperature on H2 content in the carburizing
than or equal to 3.5. In fact that, the carried experiments has atmosphere
offered the lower value than this, so when the amount of CO 2
The results of studying the effect of CO2/gas ratio on gaseous
is increased, the amount of CO tends to increase.
composition in the carburizing atmosphere, with carburizing
mode such as 18 minutes of gas retention time in the furnace,
2.5 of CO2/gas ratio and a dilution of N2 by 70% are shown in
B. Effect of retention time on H2 content in the carburizing
Table 5 and Figure 7.
atmosphere
Table 5: The dependence of composition of gases in the
The results of studying the effect of CO2/gas ratio on gaseous
carburizing atmosphere on the temperature
composition in the carburizing atmosphere, with carburizing
mode such as 920oC of temperature, 2.5 of CO2/gas ratio and Carburizing temperature % %
a dilution of N2 by 70% are presented in Table 4 and Figure 6. % H2
o
( C) CO CO2
Table 4: The effect of composition of gases in the carburizing
900 31.39 29.76 0.3
atmosphere on the retention time
920 30.46 30.5 0.24
Retention time %
% H2 % CO 940 29.52 30.7 0.18
(minutes) CO2
20
% H2
35 15 % CO
% CO2
30 10
25 5
Gas component
(% volume)
20 % H2 0
% CO 900 920 940
15 % CO2
Temperature, oC
10
Figure 7: Effect of carburizing temperature on the gas
5 composition in the carburizing atmosphere
0
15 18 21 24
Table 5 and Figure 7 show that, as the carburizing temperature
Retention time (minutes) increases, the H2 content changes insignificantly, in
carburizing temperature zone. However, the carburizing
Figure 6: Effect of retention time on the gas composition in
temperature affects the CO and CO2 content. As the
the carburizing atmosphere
carburizing temperature increases, the CO2 content decreases.
This may be explained that, at higher temperatures, the
equilibrium reaction shifts towards the direction of the CO,
Actually, if the amount of supplied gas into the furnace is
thus the amount of CO2 decreases and the amount of CO
constant, the H2 content in the carburizing atmosphere is
increases.
unchanged. But the results showed that, when the retention
time is increased, the H2 content tends to increase slightly. At
the value of 21 minute retention time, the H2 content starts
D. Effect of H2 content on carbon activity (ac) in the
decreasing, otherwise the CO content increases because of
carburizing atmosphere
enough time occurring follow sub-reaction:
As the gas is almost completely decomposed, the measured
H2 + CO2→ CO + H2O (c)
hydrogen content in the carburizing process directly reflects
the supplied gas to the furnace. Therefore, as changing the
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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 19 (2017) pp. 8238-8244
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
25
Gas component,
0.6 the surface is about 0.8 - 1.2%. Therefore, the initial gas
% volume
20 0.5 mixture with around 2.5 – 3 of the CO2/gas ratio, and at 920oC
of temperature, 0.1MPa of pressure, and 70% of N 2
15 0.4
% CO
component is the best parameters for the carburizing process.
% CO2 0.3
10
(ac) 0.2
5 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
0.1
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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 19 (2017) pp. 8238-8244
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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