Unit 3.

MUSIC
I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. composer B. process C. pop D. post
2. A. rhythm B. heavy C. highlife D. hardcore
3. A. metal B. accidental C. gospel D. techno
4. A. listened B. danced C. composed D. played
5. A. writes B. songs C. records D. albums
II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. syncopation B. accompanist C. incidental D. composition
2. A. musical B. melody C. performance D. improvise
3. A. musician B. soloist C. composer D. performer
4. A. perform B. number C. rhythm D. music
5. A. classical B. popular C. digital D. electric
III. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following sentences.
1. The music industry has undergoing significant change over the past few years, with declining volumes of
A has been under going B
music sold through an ownership model (such as downloads) and rapid growth in usage models (such as
C D
streaming).
2. Music has been used as a mean of communication and healing since the beginning of mankind.
A B means C D
3. Music Therapy, that involves the music therapist, the client and the music in an ever-evolving relationship,
A B
is rooted in the ancient literate societies.
C D
4. The conductor stands in the front of the orchestra, on a podium, and conducts by using hand and body
A B C D
motions.
5. Technology became an increasingly important tool for composers, which have known to use recording tape as
A B C
a compositional tool.
D
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following sentences.
1. Melody is a musical line that is the "tune" of the piece. ____ is the part you will probably be humming when
you leave the concert!
A. which B. There C. This D. What
2. Accompaniment is a musical line that is secondary ____ the melody; and accompaniment parts support the
melody.
A. of B. in C. with D. to
3. Unison is the sounding of the same note by two or more ____. In a unison piece of music, the players do not
have different parts, but all play together.
A. player B. players C. the player D. the players
4. Folk Music refers to any music that comes from a common culture, and it is most often passed on ____ from
generation to generation.
 A. oral B. orally truyền miệng C. oratorical D. oratory
5. Stringed instruments are played by drawing a bow ____ the strings or by plucking the strings with the fingers.
A. from B. away C. across D. over
6. Woodwind players produce sound by blowing air into ____ mouthpiece. Most woodwind instruments have
reeds, which vibrate very quickly to produce the sound of the instrument.
A. an B. a C. the D. his
7. Brass players make sound by "buzzing" their lips ____ blowing into the mouthpiece, they change notes with
the help of valves or slides.
A. while B. during C. before D. by
8. Music is an art form and cultural activity ____ medium is sound organized in time.
A. that B. in which C. where D. whose
9. The conductor gives the musicians non-verbal signals ____ with his hands or by using a small stick called a
baton.
A. whether B. either C. neither D. both
10. The concertmaster/concertmistress is the first violin player in the orchestra, the leader of the string section
and ____ most solos for the violin.
A. play B. that play C. will play D. to play
11. Electronically created sounds are used in combination with other electronic sounds or played together with
traditional music ____.
A. instrument B. instruments C. instrumental D. instrumentally
12. The ballet Hoedown tells the story of a cowgirl who is in love with a cowboy, but can't get him ____ her.
A. notice B. to notice C. noticing D. noticed
13. Woodwind instruments produce sound when players blow air into them; they were originally made out of
wood, ____ is why they are called woodwinds!
A. which B. that C. the reason D. for which
14. The flute has a very high, light and beautiful sound much like ____ of a bird.
A. it B. this C. which D. that
15. The OBOE makes its sound when the player blows air through a mouthpiece containing cut pieces of
bamboo ____ a "reed."
A. calls B. call C. calling D. called
16. The OBOE is a very important instrument, as the oboist is ____ player who tunes the whole orchestra before
every concert.
A. a B. the C. who D. that
17. The clarinet can play very high and very low, very soft or very loud, so they are used for many types of
music, ____ classical, jazz and folk.
A. includes B. include C. including D . included
18. The brass instruments are long brass tubes curled and bent into different shapes and flare out at one end into
____ is called a bell.
A. it B. that C. what D. where
19. The ____ of the brass instruments is produced by the vibration of the player's lips as they blow through the
mouthpiece.
A. sound B. sounds C. sounding D. sounder
20. ____ the TRUMPET is the smallest brass instrument, it can play the highest notes of all the brass
instruments and often plays in marches or fanfares.
A. Because B. Although C. However D. Since
21. The TROMBONE is the only brass instrument that does not use valves; ____ the player moves a curved
tube, called a "slide," back and forth in order to change notes.
A. rather B. other C. instead D. but
22. YouTube claims that not only does it return money directly to creators, but also that it has a ____ effect on
music.
A. promote B. promoting C. promoted D. promotional
23. Additional evidence for universal musical tendencies ____ from archaeological discoveries of musical
instruments and scores from thousands of years ago.
A. come B. comes C. came D. had come
24. If music were purely a cultural invention, one might expect ancient music to be dramatically ____ modern
music, given the huge cultural differences between then and now.
A. differ from B. different from C. differed to D. differing from
25. At present the earliest example of what may be a musical instrument is a bone "flute" that dates ____
approximately 50,000 years ago, during the middle Paleolithic.
A. back B. away C. at D. to
26. At ____ level, infants as young as 8 months seem to perceive melodic pitch contours much as adults do.
A. most basic B. the most basic C. mostly basically D. the most basically
27. One way to reveal innate constraints on music perception is to show that certain musical stimuli are
represented or remembered more accurately than others, independent ____ experience.
A. on B. to C. with D. of
28. Every musical instrument, needless to say, requires a long period of development - usually trial-and-error
experimentation by generations of craftsmen - before arriving at ____ final perfected form.
A. its B. their C. that D. which
29. A: "Can you concentrate on other things when you are listening to music?"
B: ‘____”
A. I prefer to work in a quite area.
B. I'm keen on listening to dance music.
C. I often share my favorite albums with friends.
D. I don't think music can help with this.
30. A: "Do you think music can heal sick people?"
B: “____”
A. I can't agree with you more. B. The sooner, the better.
C. At least they can feel better. D. Doctors cannot do so.
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following sentences.
1. Although infants clearly have not learned as much from their limited exposure to music as adults have from a
lifetime of listening, it is nonetheless difficult to explain the effects of the exposure that occurs both in the
womb and in the first few months of life.
A. presentation B. contact C. interaction D. knowledge
2. Although it is often said that music, like dance, exists since the beginning of the human race, the music
industry emerged relatively late.
A. occurred B. appeared C. came D. developed
3. The record business by using marketing tools, to record, reproduce, promote and distribute the author's work,
in reality alters the author's passion towards musical art for financial gains.
A. worry B. concern C. love D. excitement
4. Albums and individual songs can now be bought in digital format (iTunes), and downloaded onto one's
computer, and from there onto a USB-stick, CD-R, iPod, mobile telephones and the like.
A. electric appliances B. electronic instruments
C. digital devices D. mechanical products
5. The introduction of television marked the turning point in many areas, as was the case with the music
industry.
 A. new era B. new program C. final stage D. finishing line
VI. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following sentences.
1. Music was created out of man's need to communicate with the outside world.
A. Man created music to meet their need to communicate with the outside world.
B. With the need to communicate with the outside world, man has created music.
C. The outside world need to be communicated by music created by man.
D. Man, after creating music, needed to communicate with the outside world.
2. The conductor tells the musicians when and what to play.
A. When and what to play was told by the conductor to the musicians.
B. The musicians are told when and what to play by the conductor.
C. It is told by the conductor that the musicians know when and what to play.
D. The musicians are told that the conductor knows when and what to play.
3. It is no longer necessary to have physical possession of music to enjoy it.
A. To have physical possession of music to enjoy it is no longer necessary.
B. Having physical possession of music to enjoy it makes it no longer necessary.
C. It used to be unnecessary to have physical possession of music to enjoy it.
D. There was no necessary physical possession of music to enjoy it in the past.
4. The emergence of the Internet opened up great new possibilities for the distribution of music.
A. The distribution of music has been opened up with great new possibilities of the emergence of the
Internet.
B. Great new possibilities for the distribution of music have been opened up with the emergence of the
Internet.
C. Opening up great new possibilities for the distribution of music, the Internet has emerged.
D. Great possibilities for music has been openly distributed by the emergence of the Internet.
5. Percussion instruments make sound when the percussionist strikes or shakes them.
A. The percussionist makes sound by striking or shaking percussion instruments.
B. Striking and shaking percussion instruments make the percussionist produce sound.
C. The percussionist makes sound by striking and shaking the percussion instrument.
D. Sound is made if percussion instruments are stricken and shaken by the percussionist.
VII. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences given.
1. Beethoven's first teacher was his father. He often pulled Beethoven out of bed to practice until morning.
A. As Beethoven's father often pulled him out of bed to practice until morning, he became Beethoven's
first teacher.
B. Beethoven's first teacher was his father who used to pull him out of bed to practice until morning.
C. To be Beethoven's first teacher, Beethoven's father used to pull him out of bed to practice until
morning.
D. Being his first teacher, Beethoven's father had to pull Beethoven out of bed to practice until morning.
2. There are many places to go where you will be a member of an audience. However, audiences do not act the
same at every type of event.
A. Although there are many places to go where you will be a member of an audience, audiences do not
act the same at every type of event.
B. At different places where you will be a member of an audience, audiences do not act the same at
every type of event.
C. At every type of event at many different places where you will be a member of an audience,
audiences do not always act the same.
D. Audiences do not act the same at every type of event because there are many places where they can
be a member of an audience.
3. The evolution of marketing in the music industry has been carried out. At the same time, the evolution of
technology in music has also been carried out.
A. The evolution of marketing in the music industry has been carried out, resulting in the evolution of
technology in music.
B. The evolution of marketing in the music industry has been carried out thanks to the evolution of
technology in music.
C. The evolution of marketing in the music industry has been simultaneously carried out with the
evolution of technology in music.
D. The evolution of marketing in the music industry has been carried out, thanks to the evolution of
technology in music.
4. We are now in an exciting era. Now, streaming is making the depth and richness of every kind of music
available to hundreds of millions of people.
A. We are now in an exciting era in which streaming is making the depth and richness of every kind of
music available to hundreds of millions of people.
B. As we are now in an exciting era, streaming is making the depth and richness of every kind of music
available to hundreds of millions of people.
C. Although we are now in an exciting era, streaming is making the depth and richness of every kind of
music available to hundreds of millions of people.
D. If we are now in an exciting era, streaming is making the depth and richness of every kind of music
available to hundreds of millions of people.
5. Consumers have created a new revenue stream for music companies. They upload their favourite music video
clips or remixed versions to platforms such as YouTube.
A. Consumers have created a new revenue stream for music companies, hence uploading their favourite
music video clips or remixed versions to platforms such as YouTube.
B. Consumers have created a new revenue stream for music companies by uploading their favourite
music video clips or remixed versions to platforms such as YouTube.
C. Consumers have created a new revenue stream for music companies after uploading their favourite
music video clips or remixed versions to platforms such as YouTube.
D. Consumers have created a new revenue stream for music companies, so they upload their favourite
music video clips or remixed versions to platforms such as YouTube.
VIII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
The string family is the largest (1) ____ of the orchestra. The four main stringed instruments look similar
but are all different sizes. Each can be played by plucking the strings with the fingers or with a bow, which is
pulled (2) ____ across the instrument's four strings.
The VIOLIN is the smallest of the string instruments and can play the highest (3) ____. The violin often
plays the melody - this is the tune you will be humming after you leave (4) ____ performance.
The VIOLA is slightly larger than the violin. Because it is bigger, it can play lower notes. (5) ____ the
viola is only a little bit bigger than the violin, it can be hard to tell them (6) ____ apart. The viola plays many
beautiful melodies just like the violin.
The CELLO is much larger than the violin and the viola. It is so large (7) ____ the cellist must sit on a
chair (8) ____ the cello between his or her knees in order to play. The cello often plays accompaniment parts.
Because it is the largest (9) ____ the stringed instruments, the DOUBLE BASS plays the lowest notes.
This instrument is so large that the bass players have to stand up or sit on tall stools to play it. The bass often
plays (10) ____ parts with the cello.
1. A. section B. sectioning C. sector D. sectional
2. A. now and then B. back and forth C. again and again D. high and low
3. A. notes B. noting C. notable D. noted
4. A. a B. the C. that D. each
5. A. Although B. However C. Whereas D. Since
6. A. away B. from C. of D. apart tell apart (v): phân biệt
7. A. as B. so C. that D. than
8. A. to hold B. hold C. holding D. held
9. A. in B. to C. of D. with
10. A. companion B. companionship C. accompany D. accompaniment
IX. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany, in 1770. His childhood was unhappy. His father drank too
much. Beethoven's musical talent was obvious from childhood. He quickly became a talented performer on the
piano. In 1792, he moved to Vienna, Austria, to study with Austrian composer Joseph Haydn. Soon Beethoven
was playing music that he wrote himself. Many people admired his powerful, dramatic music.
Beethoven was often ill or depressed. He was unable to find a woman who would marry him. Just as he
was becoming very successful, he started to lose his hearing. Deafness is the worst fate for a musician.
Beethoven's performing career was over.
(3); (4) Despite Beethoven's hearing loss, he still wrote music. The music he wrote became even better. His
music was richly expressive and revealed feelings such as joy and sadness. He created one bold masterpiece
after another. Besides piano music, Beethoven wrote string quartets (pieces for four stringed instruments) and
other kinds of chamber music. Chamber music is written for small groups, and people can play it in their homes
or in small halls. Beethoven also wrote songs, two masses, an opera, and nine outstanding symphonies.
Beethoven studied works by Haydn, German composer Johann Sebastian Bach, and Austrian composer
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Then he broke their rules and made music that was like no one else's. It was
emotional and challenging. Beethoven wanted his music to express ideas as well as emotions. He wanted it to
praise freedom and equality and other high ideals.
Some of Beethoven's well-known achievements are the Moonlight Sonata for piano, the Fifth
Symphony, and the Ninth Symphony. The Fifth Symphony has a famous four-note opening, da-da-da-dum. The
Ninth Symphony ends with a triumphant chorus called "Ode to Joy." Beethoven's music set a standard that later
composers measured their work by.
Crowds loved him and adored his music. Beethoven was famous, although not happy. In 1827, he got
pneumonia and died in Vienna.
1. Which of the following best describes Beethoven's life according to the passage?
A. talented, powerful and challenging B. emotional, dramatic, and outstanding
C. unhappy, stressful, but successful D. talented, outstanding, and successful
2. The phrase "was over" in the passage mostly means ____.
A. finished B. completed C. started D. remained
3. What happened after Beethoven lost his hearing according to the passage?
A. He became a famous talented performer on the piano.
B. He started writing music for his own performance only.
C. His music became more and more impressive and emotional.
D. His music was better, more impressive and varied in types.
4. Which of the following is true about Beethoven's music according to the reading?
A. It was strongly affected by that of other famous musicians.
B. It helped Beethoven enjoy a life with luxuries and comforts.
C. It expressed ideas and emotions, praised freedom and equality.
D. It set a standard by which all other composers measured their work.
5. The word "Crowds" in the passage mostly refers to ____.
A. music composers B. small groups C. audience D. performers
X. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
Music can be happy, sad, romantic, sleepy, spine-tingling, healing - all kinds of things. But what is it?
Some people define it as an artful arrangement of sounds across time. Our ears interpret these sounds as loud
or soft, high or low, rapid and short, or slow and smooth. The sounds need to continue for a time in some sort of
pattern to become music.
Music, like language, is a uniquely human form of communication. As with language, there are many
different kinds. In North America, people listen to jazz, rock, classical, folk, country, and many other kinds of
music. Each kind of music has its own rules and “speaks” to us in its own way.
What we think of as music depends on where we live. What Americans are used to listening to might
sound strange to someone from another culture, and vice versa. It might not even sound like music. In
Indonesia, gamelan orchestras play music on gongs, drums, and xylophones. These aren't the instruments you'd
find in a typical orchestra in North America.
Today, modern communications make it possible for us to listen to music from all over the world. Music
from one part of the world influences music from another part. For example, gamelan music from Indonesia
influenced 20th-century American composers such as John Cage.
No one knows for sure when music began. Perhaps while people were working, they began to chant or
sing to make the work go faster. People who were repeating movements - picking crops or rowing boats, for
example - could sing or chant in time to the work. Navajo Indians, for example, had corn-grinding songs. Many
cultures developed work songs.
Over time, people developed musical instruments. They might have started by clapping their hands and
stamping their feet. Sticks and objects that rattled could have replaced the human body as early instruments.
Both instruments and music became more complex with time.
Today, many cultures divide music into art music and music of the people. Art music, which we call
classical music, is more complicated than the music of the people - folk music and popular music. Art music is
generally harder to write and perform. Musicians who perform it need a lot of training. Popular and folk styles
typically are easier to create, perform, and understand.
1. Which of the following is given a definition in paragraph 1?
A. music B. sounds C. patterns D. arrangement
2. The word "interpret" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. understand B. refuse C. treat D. explain
3. What has enabled music of one nation to influence that of another?
A. Languages B. Modern communications
C. Typical rules D. Original instruments
4. Why is John Cage mentioned in paragraph 4?
A. To show how he has an influence on Indonesian music
B. To represent famous music composers in the 20th century
C. To illustrate how music from one region can influence that of another
D. To suggest that Indonesian music is related to American music
5. According to paragraph 5, why did people sing to chant at work?
A. To repeat the movements B. To make the work go faster
C. To compose work songs D. To make the work harder
6. The word "They" in the passage refers to ____.
A. hands B. instruments C. people D. feet
7. The word "rattled" in the passage mostly means ____.
A. made mistakes B. done harms C. made sounds D. done wonders
8. The word "complex" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. confusing B. simple C. advanced D. comprehensible
9. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Music and language are forms of communication only used by human beings.
B. People's locations can influence on their concept of music.
C. People developed musical instruments before they chanted at work.
D. Ordinary people may find art music hard to understand.
10. Which of the following does the passage NOT discuss?
A. What music is B. When music began
C. How music is categorized D. Who composed the first song