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BPS+ - Walk The Line
BPS+ - Walk The Line
BPS+ - Walk The Line
Walk The Line is a movie in which we discover the devastated man that was Johnny
Cash at one point in his life: Sex, Alcohol, Drugs, Marriage problems as well as with
accidental death of Jack, his favorite brother, Johnny Cash, after an adolescent
devoted to working the fields and studying gospel, left his native state at 18, to visit
GrossKirrscherffen, in West Germany, a garrison town where the US Air Force sent
him. There, while composing his first songs, he experimented with a unique cocktail
made from Spaten and German cognac, that is when his alcoholic journey started.
At the same time, he met bassist Marshall Grant and guitarist Luther Perkins, with
whom he set up his group. The trio ventures to push the door of Sun Records, in
Memphis, the phonographic company of Sam Phillips who has just discovered Elvis
destroying several hotel room doors with an ax, stabbing a dagger in a copy of the
Mona Lisa, detonating a public toilet and lighting a brush fire in a California reserve,
Mexico. Released on bail, he promises to make amends. The following year, he was
arrested again in Starkville, Mississippi, for drunkenness on the public highway.
Incarcerated, he fractured his foot by shooting against the bars of his cell and ends
up admitting that he needs a hundred pills a day. Shortly after, his wife divorces,
Cash barely survives his first overdose. The last one too. Helped by the one who will
become his second wife, June Carter, he decides to drive out these demons who
persist in inhabiting him for good. He asks to be locked in a room. When he came
out, his hands bleeding and fingernails torn from scratching the walls for days on
A strange period begins in the life of Johnny Cash who, under the influence of June
church near Nashville, he suddenly jumped up, struck by divine revelation: “Up to
now my whole life has been devoted to the cult of the Devil. It's over. From today, I
This movie is interesting as it tackles several aspects that surround addiction, and
brings into light the different elements that we could use in order to analyze the case
analyze the media chosen using this approach, we need to understand first the
meaning of addiction.
Addiction and the BPS Plus model,
The concept of addiction is based first of all on taking into account the individual and
his mode of relationship with the addictive object and it is attached to behavior more
than to products. This issue is pretty much consensual. But it should be added that it
We can consider that addiction begins when, for the subject, suffering supersedes
pleasure. The mention "for the subject" is fundamental here because the diagnosis
cannot ignore the subjective perception of this balance between pleasure and
the failure of the quest for satisfaction, a research, which governs all substance use.
On the other hand, if this loss of control is conceived in its experiential and
the individual, his history and the social. It takes on meaning, the subject regains
2012). In short, a chronic disease of the brain. A definition and its adoption by an
traces of a reductive discourse and the return of a medical model that is a little too
exclusive. We first wonder about the relevance of this conception, indebted to the
advances of recent years in the field of neurosciences, but which is anchored in the
2010). In fact, the latter gives primacy to the neurobiological dimension of this
Many scientists (Kalant, 2009; Morel, 2012) have questioned this view of addiction
as a disease of the brain, warning of the danger of confusing cause and effect.
particularly with regard to alcohol consumption, and have shown that a significant
managed to recover from this problem without treatment. Restricting the definition of
addiction to its chronic nature seems to limit our understanding of this phenomenon
and brings us back to the model of "irreversible disease." This model was challenged
in the 1970s (Pattison, Sobell & Sobell, 1977) to be replaced by the notion of a
model that reflects much better the diversity of trajectories that consumers of alcohol
and other substances can take. Psychosocial studies reveal that, in addition to
biogenetic aspects, psychological, cultural, social and spiritual factors share a very
a drug addiction trajectory clearly shows that addiction is not a genetic or hormonal
inevitability, but rather a path guided by a changing reality. This reality consists of
factors that could be deciphered through what we call today a BPS Plus.
articulated set of explanatory hypotheses of health and disease, and (b) a clinical
1977 : biological factors keep their place. This is not a psychological or psychiatric -
In the case of the protagonist alcoholic in Walk The line, Johnny Cash, we can
decorticate the various dimensions that could possibly explain his addiction problem.
The first and most relevant dimension emphasized in the movie is the social
dimension. The history of his addiction goes back to a chaotic lifestyle and a series
of abuse from his, as well alcoholic father, followed by a major crisis triggered by the
death of his older brother Jack. In very direct ways, “social disadvantage and social
factors, such as access to employment, stress, and early life experiences” (Herie &
Wayne, 2014), shaped the health outcomes of Cash’s addictive behaviour. But in his
broader biopsychosocial plus, one is the presence and absence of the spiritual
dimension, tightly related to the cultural dimension due to the background of the
patient, highly influenced by both his upbringing in his early life, and a new form of
culture to which he was introduced when he entered his fame era. A frame to which
considered the shifting point that leads to his recovery. It is an indispensable factor of
which the accumulation with the other dimensions leads to the development of
to a balance that was shown in the “happy ending.” The balance of these dimensions
is necessary after pointing out the degree of their importance individually and their
Mangold, J. (Director). (2005). Walk the line [Movie]. USA: Fox 2000 Pictures
Home Entertainment.
American Society of Addiction Medicine. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28, 2021, from
https://www.asam.org/Quality-Science/definition-of-addiction
105, 780-789.
Pattison, E.M., Sobell, M.B., & Sobell, L.C. (1977). Emerging Concepts of
https://med.unr.edu/psychiatry/education/resources/bio-psycho-social-spiritual-
model