Business Research Closed-ended Question in which respondent selects one or

The systematic and objective process of gathering, more options from pre-determined set of responses.
recording, and analyzing data for making business decisions.
When conduct research Census is a systematic method that collects and records the
Time Constraints Availability of Data Nature of Decision data about the members of the population.
Benefits vs. Costs Sampling refers to a portion of the population selected to
Business Research Process represent the entire group, in all its characteristics.
1. Problem Definition 2. Development of an Approach to the Snowball Sampling an initial group of respondents is
Problem 3. Research Design Formulation 4. Fieldwork or selected, usually at random.
Data Collection 5. Data Preparation and Analysis 6. Report – After being interviewed, these respondents are asked to
Preparation and Presentation identify others who belong to the target population of
Basic Research interest.
Research that are conducted with the main purpose of A Hypothesis is a statement about the value of a population
expanding the limits of knowledge and that are not directly parameter developed for the purpose of testing.
involved in the solution to a pragmatic problem. Null Hypothesis H0: A statement about the value of a
Applied research population parameter. It is a statement about the status quo
Conducted with the main purpose of providing information Alternative Hypothesis H1: A statement that is accepted if
necessary to solve a specific real-life problem. the sample data provide evidence that the null hypothesis is
Problem Definition false.
An undesired situation that should be overcome or an Parametric A statistical test, in which specific assumptions
opportunity that should be exploited. are made about the population parameter is known as
Research Design parametric test.
A master plan that specifies the methods and procedures for Non-parametric A statistical test used in the case of non-
collecting and analyzing the needed information. metric independent variables, is called non-parametric test.
Exploratory research means a research conducted for Inductive reasoning aims at developing a theory while
formulating a problem for more clear investigation. deductive reasoning aims at testing an existing theory.
Descriptive research is a research that explore and explain
an individual, group or a situation.
Casual research Determine cause and effect relationships.
Qualitative research is a method of inquiry that develops
understanding on human and social sciences, to find the way
people think and feel.
Quantitative research is a research method that is used to
generate numerical data and hard facts, by employing
statistical, logical and mathematical technique.
In a cross-sectional study you collect data from a population
at a specific point in time; in a longitudinal study you
repeatedly collect data from the same sample over an
extended period of time.
Nominal Scale A scale where numbers or letters assigned to
objects for identification or classification.
An ordinal scale is one where the order matters but not the
difference between values.
An interval scale is one where there is order and the
difference between two values is meaningful.
A ratio variable, has all the properties of an interval variable,
and also has a clear definition of 0.
A questionnaire is a formalized set of questions for
obtaining information from respondents.
What to ask in questionnaire depends on:
• The research problem definition
• The communication medium to be used
• The type of statistical analysis to be performed Open-
ended questions
Questions in whichrespondent answers in his own words
– Most beneficial in exploratory research.