MODULE

#1
Civil Engineering
Learning Objectives Department
 

 

 




Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo

Faculty, Civil Engineering Department
College Of Engineering
Civil/Structural Engineer
 Scalar




Vector




Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 2

 Force





Point of Application



Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 3

 Line of Action



System of Forces

 


 


Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 4

 Coplanar Force System

 



 



Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 5

 



 


Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 6

 Coplanar Force System

 

 

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 7

 Parallelogram Rule




𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴 𝐹𝐹𝐵𝐵 
















Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 8

 Triangle Rule




𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴 𝐹𝐹𝐵𝐵 




𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴 
𝛼𝛼𝐹𝐹𝐵𝐵 
𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴 


𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴
𝐹𝐹𝐵𝐵 

𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 




Sine and Cosine Law

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 9

 
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐
= =
sin 𝐴𝐴 sin 𝐵𝐵 sin 𝐶𝐶
 
𝑎𝑎2 = 𝑏𝑏 2 + 𝑐𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 cos 𝐴𝐴
𝑏𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑐𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 cos 𝐵𝐵
𝑐𝑐 2 = 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 cos 𝐶𝐶

Rectangular Components



𝐹𝐹 


𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦
sin 𝜃𝜃 =
𝐹𝐹
𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 𝐹𝐹 ∗ sin 𝜃𝜃
𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥
cos 𝜃𝜃 =
𝐹𝐹
Therefore, 𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 = 𝐹𝐹 ∗ cos 𝜃𝜃






𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 𝑏𝑏
=
𝐹𝐹 𝑐𝑐
𝑏𝑏
𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 = 𝐹𝐹 ∗ 𝑐𝑐

𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 = 𝐹𝐹 ∗ cos 𝜃𝜃
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
cos 𝜃𝜃 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑐𝑐
𝑏𝑏
𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 = 𝐹𝐹 ∗ 𝑐𝑐 Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 10
 Sign Convention





Three or More Force in the System












+→ ∑𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝐹𝐹1𝑥𝑥 + 𝐹𝐹2𝑥𝑥 − 𝐹𝐹3𝑥𝑥
+↑ ∑𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝐹𝐹1𝑦𝑦 − 𝐹𝐹2𝑦𝑦 − 𝐹𝐹3𝑦𝑦




2 2
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 + 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 11

 



𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
tan 𝜃𝜃𝑅𝑅 =
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝜃𝜃𝑅𝑅 = tan−1
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 12

 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1





𝛼𝛼 


𝛼𝛼 = 45° − 15°
𝛼𝛼 = 30°



𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅2 = 322 + 202 − (2 ∗ 32 ∗ 20 ∗ cos 30)
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅2 = 315.4874832
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 = 315.4874832
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 = 17.762 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘



Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 13

 
𝛽𝛽  

𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 32 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
=
sin 𝛼𝛼 sin 𝛽𝛽
32 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ∗ sin 𝛼𝛼
sin 𝛽𝛽 =
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅

32 ∗ sin 30°
sin 𝛽𝛽 =
17.762
32 ∗ sin 30°
𝛽𝛽 = sin−1
17.762
𝛽𝛽 = 64.263 4° 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝛽𝛽 = 180 − 64.263 4° = 115.7366°

𝜃𝜃 = 𝛽𝛽 − 45 = 115.7366 − 45
𝜃𝜃 = 70.736 6°
𝑭𝑭𝑹𝑹 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝟔𝟔𝟔 


 
𝐹𝐹1𝑦𝑦 = 20 ∗ sin 45
𝐹𝐹1𝑦𝑦 = 10 2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝐹𝐹1𝑥𝑥 = 20 ∗ cos 45
𝐹𝐹1𝑥𝑥 = 10 2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
 
𝐹𝐹2𝑦𝑦 = 32 ∗ cos 75

𝐹𝐹2𝑦𝑦 = 8.282 209 443 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝐹𝐹2𝑥𝑥 = 32 ∗ sin 75
𝐹𝐹2𝑥𝑥 = 30.909 626 44 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

+→ ∑𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝐹𝐹1𝑥𝑥 − 𝐹𝐹2𝑥𝑥 = 10 2 − 30.909 626 44
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = −16.767 490 82 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 14
 +→ ∑𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝐹𝐹1𝑦𝑦 − 𝐹𝐹2𝑦𝑦 = 10 2 − 8.282 209 443
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 5.859 926 181 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘



2 2
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 + 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅

= −16.767 490 82 2 + 5.859 926 181 2

𝑭𝑭𝑹𝑹 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌

𝜃𝜃,

𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
tan 𝜃𝜃 =
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅

−16.767 490 82
tan 𝜃𝜃 =
5.859 926 181
−16.767 490 82
𝜃𝜃 = tan−1
5.859 926 181
𝜽𝜽 = 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 15

 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2






 
𝐹𝐹1𝑥𝑥 = 2000 ∗ cos 25
𝐹𝐹1𝑥𝑥 = 1812.615574 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙

𝐹𝐹1𝑦𝑦 = 2000 ∗ sin 25

𝐹𝐹1𝑦𝑦 = 845.2365235 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙

 
𝑐𝑐 = 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 = 42 + 72
𝑐𝑐 = 65

4
𝐹𝐹2𝑥𝑥 = 3000 ∗
65
Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 16
 𝐹𝐹2𝑥𝑥 = 1488.416815 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙

7
𝐹𝐹2𝑦𝑦 = 3000 ∗
65
𝐹𝐹2𝑦𝑦 = 2604.729426 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙


→ +∑𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝐹𝐹1𝑥𝑥 − 𝐹𝐹2𝑥𝑥 = 1812.615574 − 1488.416815
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 324.198759 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
+↑ ∑𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝐹𝐹1𝑦𝑦 + 𝐹𝐹2𝑦𝑦 + 𝐹𝐹3 = 845.2365235 + 2604.729426 + 5000
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 8449.96595 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙


2 2
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 + 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅

= 324.198759 2 + 8449.96595 2
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 = 8456.1829 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
𝜃𝜃𝑥𝑥 

𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
tan 𝜃𝜃𝑥𝑥 =
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
8449.96595
tan 𝜃𝜃𝑥𝑥 =
324.198759
8449.96595
𝜃𝜃𝑥𝑥 = tan−1
324.198759
𝜃𝜃𝑥𝑥 = 87.8028°

𝑭𝑭𝑹𝑹 = 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 17



 


2
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 5000 2 + 2000 2 − (2 ∗ 5000 ∗ 2000 ∗ cos 115)
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 37452365.23
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 6119.833759 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙

sin 𝛼𝛼 sin 115
=
2000 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅

sin 115
sin 𝛼𝛼 = 2000 ∗
6119.833759
𝛼𝛼 = sin−1 0.2961870609
𝛼𝛼 = 17.22873239°

𝜃𝜃𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 90 − 17.22873239
𝜃𝜃𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 72.77126761°
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅  

 𝛽𝛽
7
tan 𝛽𝛽 =
4
7
𝛽𝛽 = tan−1
4
𝛽𝛽 = 60.2551187
𝛽𝛽1 
𝛽𝛽1 = 𝛽𝛽 + 𝜃𝜃𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝛽𝛽1 = 60.2551187 + 72.77126761
𝛽𝛽1 = 133.0263863°

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 18


𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅2 = 3000 2 + 6119.833759 2 − (2 ∗ 3000 ∗ 6119.833759 ∗ cos 133.0263863)
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 = 71507029.39
𝑭𝑭𝑹𝑹 = 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍
𝛾𝛾 
sin 𝛾𝛾 sin 𝛽𝛽1
=
3000 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅
sin 133.0263863
sin 𝛾𝛾 = 3000 ∗
8456.1829
−1
𝛾𝛾 = sin (0.2593508987)
𝛾𝛾 = 15.03155026°


𝜃𝜃𝑅𝑅 = 𝜃𝜃𝑅𝑅𝑅 + 𝛾𝛾 = 72.77126761 + 15.03155026
𝜽𝜽𝑹𝑹 = 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 19

 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3

𝑊𝑊 = 220 lb𝐹𝐹 = 550 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙

𝑃𝑃 𝑅𝑅 
𝑃𝑃 𝑅𝑅









→ +∑𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 = 𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥
𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥 = −220 sin 30 + 550 cos 30 − (𝑃𝑃 ∗ sin 20)
𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥 = 366.3139721 − 𝑃𝑃 ∗ sin 20

↑ +∑𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 𝑅𝑅𝑦𝑦
𝑅𝑅𝑦𝑦 = −220 cos 30 − 550 sin 30 + (𝑃𝑃 ∗ cos 20)
𝑅𝑅𝑦𝑦 = −465.5255888 + (𝑃𝑃 ∗ cos 20)


𝑅𝑅𝑦𝑦 = 0

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 20

𝑅𝑅𝑦𝑦 = 0
0 = −465.5255888 + (𝑃𝑃 ∗ cos 20)
𝑷𝑷 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍

𝑅𝑅
𝑅𝑅 = 𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥 = 366.3139721 − 495.4019841 ∗ sin 20
𝑹𝑹 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 21