MODULE

#2
Civil Engineering
Learning Objectives Department
 

 


 

 



Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo

Faculty, Civil Engineering Department
College Of Engineering
Civil/Structural Engineer
 Moment

 

 

Moment of a Force About a Point

 𝐹𝐹
𝑂𝑂 

𝑴𝑴𝒐𝒐 = 𝑭𝑭 ∗ 𝒅𝒅

𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = 
𝐹𝐹 = 
𝑑𝑑 = 
Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 2
 



Sign Convention

  


𝐹𝐹 
𝑂𝑂 
↻ +∑𝑀𝑀𝑜𝑜 = 𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂
𝑴𝑴𝑶𝑶 = 𝑭𝑭𝒙𝒙 ∗ 𝒚𝒚 − (𝑭𝑭𝒚𝒚 ∗ 𝒙𝒙)

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 3

 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

𝐹𝐹 = 55 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 

𝐹𝐹 


𝑐𝑐 = 32 + 42
𝑐𝑐 = 5

𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥
cos 𝜃𝜃 =
𝐹𝐹
𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 = 𝐹𝐹 ∗ cos 𝜃𝜃
4 4
𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 = 𝐹𝐹 ∗ = 55 ∗
5 5
𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 = 44 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦
sin 𝜃𝜃 =
𝐹𝐹
𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 𝐹𝐹 ∗ sin 𝜃𝜃
3 3
𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 𝐹𝐹 ∗ = 55 ∗
5 5
𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 33 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 4
𝐴𝐴

↻ +𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 = 𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴
𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 = − 𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 ∗ 𝑦𝑦 − (𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 ∗ 𝑥𝑥)
𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 = − 44 ∗ 3 − (33 ∗ 1)
𝑴𝑴𝑨𝑨 = −𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 − 𝒎𝒎


↻ +𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵 = 𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵
𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵 = 𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 ∗ 𝑦𝑦 + (𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 ∗ 𝑥𝑥
𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵 = 44 ∗ 3 + (33 ∗ 4)
𝑴𝑴𝑩𝑩 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 − 𝒎𝒎, ↻

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 5

 


 
 


𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵


Summing up moment about point A,

↻ +𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 = 𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴
𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 = 𝐹𝐹 ∗ 𝑑𝑑
𝑴𝑴𝑨𝑨 = 𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭

↻ +𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵 = 𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵
𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵 = 𝐹𝐹 ∗ 𝑑𝑑 + 𝑎𝑎 − (𝐹𝐹 ∗ 𝑎𝑎)
𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵 = 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 + 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 − 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
𝑴𝑴𝑩𝑩 = 𝑭𝑭𝑭𝑭
Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 6
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2



𝐴𝐴




↻ +𝑀𝑀 = 𝑀𝑀𝑅𝑅
𝑀𝑀𝑅𝑅 = 350 + 60 ∗ 5 − (150 ∗ 3)
𝑴𝑴𝑹𝑹 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 − 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊


𝑎𝑎 

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 7

 𝑎𝑎
sin 𝜃𝜃 =
𝑐𝑐
𝑎𝑎 = 𝑐𝑐 ∗ sin 𝜃𝜃 = 8 ∗ sin 30
𝑎𝑎 = 4 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖


↻ +𝑀𝑀 = 𝑀𝑀𝑅𝑅
𝑀𝑀𝑅𝑅 = 𝐹𝐹 ∗ 𝑑𝑑
200 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 − 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝐹𝐹 ∗ 𝑎𝑎
200 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 − 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝐹𝐹 =
4 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑭𝑭 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 8

 The resultant moment of a force system
is determined by summing up all
moments caused by each force about a
certain point.

+↻ 𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = 𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂
𝑴𝑴𝑶𝑶 = 𝑭𝑭𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝒅𝒅𝟏𝟏 − 𝑭𝑭𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐

𝑴𝑴𝑶𝑶
= 𝑭𝑭𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝒚𝒚𝟏𝟏 + 𝑭𝑭𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝒙𝒙𝟏𝟏 − 𝑭𝑭𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐
− (𝑭𝑭𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 )
If the resulting moment is positive, it is a CLOCKWISE moment, if the
resulting moment is negative, it is a COUNTER-CLOCKWISE moment.

Principle of Transmissibility

This states that the point of application of a force can be moved anywhere
along its line of action without changing the external reaction of forces on a
rigid body.
Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 9



Reduction of a Force System to a

Force and a Couple





↑ +∑𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝑭𝑭𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 = 𝑭𝑭𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 + 𝑭𝑭𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

→ +∑𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝑭𝑭𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 = 𝑭𝑭𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 + 𝑭𝑭𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

𝑭𝑭𝑹𝑹 = 𝑭𝑭𝟐𝟐𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 + 𝑭𝑭𝟐𝟐𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 10

 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦
tan 𝜃𝜃 =
𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥
𝑭𝑭𝒚𝒚
𝜽𝜽 = 𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭−𝟏𝟏
𝑭𝑭𝒙𝒙

+↻ 𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = 𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂
𝑴𝑴𝑶𝑶 = 𝑭𝑭𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝒅𝒅𝟏𝟏 − 𝑭𝑭𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐

𝑴𝑴𝑶𝑶 = 𝑭𝑭𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝒚𝒚𝟏𝟏 + 𝑭𝑭𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ∗ 𝒙𝒙𝟏𝟏 − 𝑭𝑭𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 − (𝑭𝑭𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∗ 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 )



Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 11

 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3








 
𝐹𝐹1𝑥𝑥 = 300 ∗ cos 60
𝐹𝐹1𝑥𝑥 = 150 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙

𝐹𝐹1𝑦𝑦 = 300 ∗ sin 60

𝐹𝐹1𝑦𝑦 = 259.8076211 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙

 

𝑐𝑐 = 32 + 22 = 13
3
𝐹𝐹2𝑥𝑥 = 361 ∗
13
𝐹𝐹2𝑥𝑥 = 300.3701563 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 12
 2
𝐹𝐹2𝑦𝑦 = 361 ∗
13
𝐹𝐹2𝑦𝑦 = 200.2467708 lb

 
𝑐𝑐 = 12 + 22 = 5

1
𝐹𝐹3𝑥𝑥 = 448 ∗
5
𝐹𝐹3𝑥𝑥 = 200.3516908 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙

2
𝐹𝐹3𝑦𝑦 = 448 ∗
5
𝐹𝐹3𝑦𝑦 = 400.7033816 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙


↑ +∑𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝐹𝐹1𝑦𝑦 − 𝐹𝐹2𝑦𝑦 − 𝐹𝐹3𝑦𝑦 = 259.8076211 − 200.2467708 − 400.7033816
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = −341.1425313 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 341.1425313 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙, ↓

→ +∑𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑥𝑥
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = −𝐹𝐹1𝑥𝑥 − 𝐹𝐹2𝑥𝑥 + 𝐹𝐹3𝑥𝑥 = −150 − 300.3701563 + 200.3516908
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = −250.0184655 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 or 250.0184655 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙, ←

↻ +𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = 𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂
𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = − 𝐹𝐹1𝑥𝑥 ∗ 3 − 𝐹𝐹1𝑦𝑦 ∗ 2 − 𝐹𝐹2𝑥𝑥 ∗ 1 + 𝐹𝐹3𝑦𝑦 ∗ 4
𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = − 150 ∗ 3 − 259.8076211 ∗ 2 − 300.3701563 ∗ 1 + 400.7033816 ∗ 4
𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = 332.828 1 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 − 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓, ↻



2 2 2
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 + 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = −341.1425313 + −250.0184655
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 = 422.950 9 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 13

 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
tan 𝜃𝜃 =
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 −341.1425313
𝜃𝜃 = tan−1 = tan−1
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 −250.0184655
𝜃𝜃 = 53.762 8°



𝑭𝑭𝑹𝑹 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝟗𝟗 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺

𝑴𝑴𝑶𝑶 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝟏𝟏 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 − 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇, ↻

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 14

 Varignon’s Theorem

“

.”
’ 
𝜃𝜃 
𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 


↻ + 𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = 𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂
𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = 𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 ∗ 𝑦𝑦 − (𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 ∗ 𝑥𝑥)
𝑀𝑀𝑜𝑜 = 𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 − 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑
𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 − 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥
𝑭𝑭𝒙𝒙 𝒚𝒚 − 𝑭𝑭𝒚𝒚 𝒙𝒙
𝒅𝒅 =
𝑭𝑭
Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 15
𝐹𝐹


↻ + 𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = 𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂
𝑀𝑀𝑜𝑜 = 𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 𝑖𝑖𝑦𝑦 + 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 0
𝑀𝑀𝑜𝑜 = 𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 𝑖𝑖𝑦𝑦

↻ + 𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = 𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂
𝑀𝑀𝑜𝑜 = 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑖𝑖𝑥𝑥 + 𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 0
𝑀𝑀𝑜𝑜 = 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑖𝑖𝑥𝑥


𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = 𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 𝑖𝑖𝑦𝑦
𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 − 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥 = 𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 𝑖𝑖𝑦𝑦
𝑭𝑭𝒙𝒙 𝒚𝒚 − 𝑭𝑭𝒚𝒚 𝒙𝒙
𝒊𝒊𝒚𝒚 =
𝑭𝑭𝒙𝒙

𝑀𝑀𝑜𝑜 = 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑖𝑖𝑥𝑥
𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 − 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥 = 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑖𝑖𝑥𝑥
𝑭𝑭𝒙𝒙 𝒚𝒚 − 𝑭𝑭𝒚𝒚 𝒙𝒙
𝒊𝒊𝒙𝒙 =
𝑭𝑭𝒚𝒚

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 16

 SAMPLE PROBLEM 4









𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = −341.1425313 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 341.1425313 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙, ↓
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = −250.0184655 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 or 250.0184655 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙, ←
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 = 422.950 9 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 53.762 8° 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆
𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = 332.828 1 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 − 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓, ↻




𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 ∗ 𝑖𝑖𝑥𝑥
𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 332.828 1
𝑖𝑖𝑥𝑥 = =
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 341.1425313
𝒊𝒊𝒙𝒙 Rodolfo
Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E.
= 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 17
 𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 ∗ 𝑖𝑖𝑦𝑦
𝑀𝑀𝑂𝑂 332.828 1
𝑖𝑖𝑦𝑦 = =
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 250.0184655
𝒊𝒊𝒚𝒚 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 18

 SAMPLE PROBLEM 5




𝐴𝐴
↑ +∑𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = −200 − 400 − 200
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = −800 𝑁𝑁 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 800 𝑁𝑁, ↓
→ +∑𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 600 𝑁𝑁, →

2 2 2 2
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 + 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 600 + −800
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅 = 1000 𝑁𝑁
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
tan 𝜃𝜃 =
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 −800
𝜃𝜃 = tan−1 = tan−1
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 600
𝜃𝜃 = 53.130 1°
Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 19
↻ +𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 = 𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴
𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 = 400 ∗ 0.5 + 200 ∗ 1 + (600 ∗ 1.5)
𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 = 1300 𝑁𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚, ↻


𝑭𝑭𝑹𝑹 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝑵𝑵, 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺

𝑴𝑴𝑨𝑨 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝑵𝑵 − 𝒎𝒎, ↻




𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 ∗ 𝑖𝑖𝑦𝑦

𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 1300
𝑖𝑖𝑦𝑦 = =
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 600
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝒊𝒊𝒚𝒚 = 𝒎𝒎
𝟔𝟔

𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 = 𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 ∗ 𝑖𝑖𝑥𝑥

𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 1300
𝑖𝑖𝑥𝑥 = =
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 800
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝒊𝒊𝒙𝒙 = 𝒎𝒎
𝟖𝟖

Prepared By: Engr. Christopher E. Rodolfo 20