LITERATURE REVIEW & CASE STUDY

DESIGN STUDIO-IV (II/II)

SUBMITTED BY:- SUBMITTED TO:-

MANITA SHRESTHA (25) LEC.AR.DURGA RAJ AVENG.
PRATIKSHYA YADAV (29) LEC.AR.SUMAN LIMBU
PRAKASH TAMANG (30)
SAMANA KC (39)
SAGAR SHRESTHA (37)
SHIPSHANG LIMBU (42)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. Literature Review
B. Case Study I (International)
- Francois Mitterland Highschool , Brazil
C. Case Study II (Regional)
- Selaqui International School , Deradhun
D. Case study III (National)
- Gandaki Boarding Highschool , Pokhara
E. Case Study IV (Local)
- Delhi Public School , Biratnagar
LITERATURE REVIEW
• Project introduction & Background.
• Architectural study:
1. Analysis of users.
2. Learning Environment.
3. Space planning and zoning.
4. Programs.
5. Site selection criteria.
• Infrastructure study.
• Standard review.
INTRODUCTION:​

• School is an institution designed to provide

learning spaces and learning environment,
where the academic and social life of most
people begins.​
• Education is a major component in the
transformation of society
• Education is not about moulding children the
way you think they should be, education is
about organizing the natural longing in a
human being to know. -SADHGURU​​ SCHOOL IN DIFFERENT AREAS
1. Urban School
• Larger enrollments in schools in general.
TYPES OF SCHOOL:​ • Administrators have more difficulty hiring and
• Community school: Receives government keeping teachers .
grants.​ 2. Sub-Urban School
• More sources available and more influence over
• Institutional school: Self funded or by non- school’s curriculum.
profit trusts.​ 3. Rural School
• Religious school: Madarasha, •Students are more homogeneous and low
Ashram/Gurukul, Gumba/vihar.​ experienced students
HISTORY:​
• The concept of grouping students together in a centralized
location for learning had existed since classical antiquity.
Formal schools have existed at least since ancient times.​
Western:​
• Monastic school, cathedral school in middle age.​
• Madarasha school in 7th century BC.​

Eastern:​
• Gurukuls in ancient India.​
• Confucius in china(550BC).​
• 1st formal education in Nepal(Durbar high school
1855AD).

IMPORTANCE:​
• Confidence, Socialization, Teamwork, Preparation,
Information, Inspiration, Community. ​
 PAST​
• Theoretical & directed learning.
• Passing same knowledge from
generation to generation.​
• Content based, limited outside
exploration.
ANALYSIS OF SCHOOLUSERS:​
Primary users:
• Students(classroom & whole learning spaces).​
Secondary users:​
• Teachers (Teachers room, meeting room)​
• Parents (parents-teachers meeting room,
waiting area, drop off areas)​
PRESENT
• Intelligence focused & facilitated
learning.
• Globalization with mass interaction,
discussion & sharing.​
• Content & process based, Group learning.
• Non-teaching staffs (kitchen & pantry,
storage area, guard house)​
• Administration (office & reception)​
REALMS OF HUMAN
EXPERIENCE WITHIN SCHOOL:
1. Spatial: Intimate, open, active,
quiet, connected to nature,
monumental, technological.
2. Psychological: safe, awe-inspiring,
joyful, playful, encouraging,
creative, spiritually uplifting.
3. Physiological: Warm, cool, cosy,
breezy, healthy, visually pleasing.
4. Behavioural: Independent study,
teamwork, research, performing,
presenting, ,designing, building,
reflecting.
LEARNING ENVIROMENT:
1. Fresh air: Proper ventilation,
vegetation.
2. Lighting: Natural & artificial lighting,
free of glare & excessive contrast.
3. Thermal comfort: Adequate
insulation(16-23)°C, N-S orientation,
Multi-storey building.
4. Sound control: Sound absorbent
material at such areas as cafeteria.
5. Visual harmony: cool & light colour
tones at study areas, Bright and warm
colour at gym areas.
PROGRAMS:​

• Library
• Classroom​
• Laboratories​
• Auditorium/
Multipurpose Hall​
• Administration​
• Creative learning spaces​
• Sports​
• Parking ​
• Cafeteria ​
• Hostel​
• Staffs quarter ​
• Toilets​
ARCHITECTURAL STUDY
SPACE PLANNING & ZONING​

• Academic: 43-57%(4.5-6m2/ EFSL)​

• Library: 10%(1m2/EFSL)​
• Administrative: 9-12%(1m2/EFSL)​
• Commercial: 2.8-4%(0.3m2/EFSL)​
• General teaching: 12%(1.2m2/EFSL)​
• Student service: 4-8% (0.6m2/EFSL)​
• Other: 8%(0.8m2/EFSL)​
​
(*EFSL- equivalent full-time student load)​
DIFFERENT PLANNING TYPES

COUTYATD PLAN
ACADEMIC BLOCK
STREET PLAN ADMINISTRATIVE BLOCK
CANTEEN BLOCK
SPORTS BLOCK
FREE FORM HUB AND SPOKE
SITE SELECTION CRITERIA:
LOCATION: SHAPE & SIZE:
• Safe walking areas. • Good shaped (preferred rectangular) site with
• Centrally located at community. the possibility for extension.
• Close to neighborhood libraries, parks, & • Length to width ratio shouldn’t not exceed 2:1.
community services. UTILITIES:
• Favorable orientation to wind & natural light. • Availability of water, electricity, gas, sewer.
• Feasibility of bringing utilities to site at
SAFETY: reasonable cost.
Factors must be avoided: TOPOGRAPHY/SOIL:
• High volume traffic & Railway. • Stable subsurface & bearing capacity.
• High voltage power lines & pressure lines. • Free of Danger of slides or liquefaction.
• Open pit mining. • Percolation for septic system & drainage.
• Social hazards such as crime and drug abuse. • Level area for playfields.
• Surface & subsurface drainage.
 DESIGN GUIDELINES
COLOURS
• Soft and Cool: neutral tones of green
and blue.
LIGHTING
• Opening for natural lighting with total
area not less than 20% of floor area.
• Windows to the north.
• In case of much light, shrubs and plants
can be placed outside to remove flare.
• In case of insufficient natural light,
controllable artificial light.
NATURAL LIGHTING OPTIONS
DESIGN GUIDELINES
PRIVACY
• Not more than 3 classes in a row.
• Independent access to each class.
CIRCULATION SPACE
not more than 25% of the useful
built area.
• Only one entrance to each
classroom.
INSULATION
• Temperature should be
normally 16-23°c.
VENTILATION
• Cross ventilation
• Building should face toward
on local wind pattern
Infrastructures Study
Academic Spaces
• Library
• Classroom
• Laboratories
Administrative Spaces
Creative learning spaces
Other spaces
LIBRARY (bibliotheca)
 Information and resource center.
 Orientation towards north direction
 Easily accessible to:
 Classrooms Laboratories Administrative
offices Community
• Space requirement:- 0.35 to
0.55 sq.m per student
• 60cm Minimum spacing between tables​
• Dimension of furniture similar to
classroom​
• Distance between shelves = 1.2m to
2.1m depending on reading area​
• Information desk(librarian) = 10 to
20 sq.m​
• Book issue and return = 5 sq.m and
Catalogue space = 20 to 50 sq.m
LIBRARY
CLASSROOM
Space where learning takes place
uninterrupted.
Orientation : northeast direction
Location: Away from noisy areas.
Access-To specialized facilities outside
academic unit.
Teacher student ratio:
 Lower secondary:1:34-1:50
 Higher secondary:1:28-1:40
Windows be designed such that they be on
left hand side.
Standard classroom size =65-70 sq.m
CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM
oTypes of arrangement & some examples;

Rows/column Horseshoe/U-shaped Cluster Stadium

Laboratories
 Room for research, training and experiment.
 Orientation-north west direction.
 Location-away from classroom area.
 1 room for preparation and collection=30-35
sq.m
 1 room for demonstration and practical=75-80
sqm. Physics Lab (movable bench)
 General science work = 2.8 sq.m/student
 Individual project work = 3.6 sq.m/student
 600 mm of worktop depth, Depth of storage
cupboard = 500 mm (max.)
 Comfortable reach in 300 mm deep, Cupboard
= 1.1 m to 1.64 m
Biology Lab (fixed bench)
chemistry laboratory Computer lab
ADMINISTRATIVE SPACES
• Principal’s room
• Vice principal’s room
• Staffs or teacher’s room
• Meeting room
• Account section
• Others
ADMINISTRATIVE SPACE
PRINCIPLE‘S ROOM VICE-PRINCIPLE‘S ROOM
• Orientation :- near to waiting room • It is almost similar to principal’s
• Office for the head person of the organization. room.
• It should have access to clerk and vice- • It should be link with account section
principals room. and have access to record room.
• General size-(20-25)m² • Size of the room-(15-20)M².
• General furniture-Working tables ,book shelf, • Location-near to principal office and
closet, chair clerk room.

COUNSELING ROOM
• Space for counseling students, regarding their problems and seek solutions.
STORE FOR TEACHING MATERIALS
• Centrally positioned and also part of staff room.
WAITING ROOM
• Generally located near to the reception room or account section .
TEACHER’S AND STAFF’S ROOM
• Location-should be near reception or clerk
office.
• Public shouldn’t able to gain direct access to
this room only the staff’s of the school gather.

ACCOUNTANT ROOM
•All financial transition of the school is carried out.
•Dimension- varies as per teacher generally 1.2/2M².

MEETING ROOM
• audio-visual program & demonstration.
• Minimum clearance: between table and
wall:1.2m.
• Comfortable clearance:between wall and
table=1.4m.
• Distance between table and visual display
board=1.4m.
CREATIVE LEARNING SPACE
•The space focused on developing creativity in students in the
areas of expression, problem solving, innovation, as well as faster
and more effective learning.
For example :
1. Auditorium /Multi-purpose hall/ Open amphitheater
2. Art and music room
3. Dance studio
4. Photographic lab
5. Sports
 AUDITORIUM
Types of Auditorium
• Center for community affairs
• Helps students learn to present
themselves before large groups.
• 300-800 capacity > normally meet all
school requirements. END STAGE THEATRE
•Auditoriumwithaudienceonly
onthefrontside

THRUST THEATRE ARENE THEATRE FLEXIBLE THEATRE

•Auditorium with audience •Having audience on •With flexible space and seating
surrounded on three sides all sides arrangement
 AUDITORIUM

Maximum vertical cone

of vision for man is 70° so
the seats should be
arranged not to be near
more than this.
Similarly maximum
horizontal cone of vision is
150° (60+90)
 SPACE RELATIONSHIP

(0.65-0.84) SQ.M/SEAT
MAX. 16 SEATS PER AISLE
25 SEATS IF DOOR WIDTH IS 1M
STAGE=(0.46-0.65)M²/ PERSON
REHEARSAL ROOM=(35-50)% OF STAGE AREA
WORKSHOP=(50-70)% OF STAGE
CEILING HEIGHT=(6-7.5)M
DISTANCE BETWEEN STAGE AND
FRONT ROW=3.6-4.5)M
Multipurpose hall
 Center for community affairs.
 Location-separate from main building .
 300-800 capacity>normally meet all school
requirements.
 Function-make optimum use facility that
extend beyond school hour.

Open Amphitheater
• Open-air venue used for the performance
entertainment and sports.
• Circular, oval or raised seating.
• Slope of seating shouldn’t be less than 12
degree for better audibility and visibility.
• Noise level shouldn’t exceed 40 decible.
MUSIC ROOM
• Equipped with an interactive
whiteboard, sound system and wi-fi
for direct streaming of music.
• Provides space for vocal and
instrumental music classes.
• The ceiling height will be a minimum
of 12’ – 0‛ (3.66 m) at elementary
schools and 16’ – 0‛ (4.88 m) at
middle and high schools .
Art room:
• Fully equipped for creative artwork,
with generously sized tables,
cupboards for storage, easels for
canvas work and double sink for prep
work.
• 1 music room = 65-70 sq.m
• 1 drawing studio = 80-85 sq.m
• 2 rooms for materials = 20-25 sq.m (each)
• 1 washroom/ changing room = 15-20 sq.m
DANCE STUDIO
• 20-24 Sq.ft per student.
• Approx. 20 student at studio.
• Ceiling height 4.8m to 7.3m.
• Mirror section of 1.8m .2.4m should attach to wall
approx. 0.15m from floor.
• Maintain temp. around 24° and 21°c.
• Light source: windows in opaque glass above eye
level.
PHOTOGRAPHIC LAB
• Photographic work.
• Position = best north facing with constant room
temperature.
• Space = depends on number of people generally 6-
14 pupils per group > at least 3-4 sq.m per
workplace.
1. Printing room
2. Lit room with necessary light locks
3. Dark room (lamps only)
 SPORTS
• Orientation – main axis NE to SW so that max
no. of spectators have sun at their back.
• Standard football pitch = 109 m by 70 m.
• Cricket pitch = 20.12m by 3.05m
• Badminton = single court = 17' by 44' double
court = 20' by 44‘
• Basketball = 14 m by 26 m
• Tennis = Playing court 36' x 78'
• Volleyball = Playing court is 30' x 60'
• Table tennis = 1525 mm by 2700 mm
Table height = 760 mm
Thickness of table top ≥ 25 mm
Net dimension = 1830 mm (l)
152 mm (h, over whole length.)
SPORTS
FOR DIFFERENTLY ABLED
Ramp: Should connect with washroom, auditorium,
classroom, cafeteria.
• The desirable ramp slope standard , 1 inch of rise in
12 inch of run.(about 8.3% of slope)
• Parking space should be separate.
• Adjustable seat in classroom.
 OTHERS

•PARKING
•CAFETERIA
•WATER SUPPLY
•DORMOTORIES
•DRAINAGE
•RESTROOM/SANITATION
•STAIRWAY
•FURNITURES
•SAFETY
 PARKING
1. For school bus
 Parallel parking
• 32m x 3.5m
• 4m access road
• Area inc. road 88 sq.m
 Parking at 45 degree
• 12m x 3.5m
• 8m access road
• Area inc. road 135 sq.m
 Parking at 90 degree
• 12m x 24m
• 14m access road
• Area inc. road 140 sq.m
 PARKING
2. For Cars
• 5m x 2.3m per car.
• 6m x 2m for parallel parking
• 5.6m x 82.3m for 45 degree parking

3. For Motorcycles And Bikes

• 2.5m x 1.5m per

TURNING RADIUS
• 12m for both 90 and 180 degree for
bus.
• 8.5m for mini bus.
• 5m for car.
CAFETERIA/CANTEEN
• Avg. 1 sq.m space for each occupant.
• Avg. 0.35 sq.m space for kitchen
staff.
• Table size similar to classroom.

WATER SUPPLY
• Provision of water by public
utilities, system of pumps and
pipes.
• Over head tanks
-concrete water tank, elevated
creating pressure for distribution.
-minimum 500 liter. tank for every
100 children.
HOSTEL (dormitories)
• Primarily providing sleeping and residential quarter
for large no. of student.
• Minimum floor area: acquiring 2 or more students
is 4-5 SQ.m Per students.
• Minimum gap-0.9 m between two bed.
• Single person room, min. Of 8.5 SQ.m
and increase to 12 SQ.m for 2 person.

Drainage system
• Close drainage should be used.(hygienic)
• Treated or lined cast or ductile Iron must be used.
• Drainage should be separate for Storm water and sewer.
• Water should not be discharged over side walls.
• Recreational and play area should be properly drained at about 2 percent slope .
REST ROOM/SANITARY FACILITY
• Orientation:- generally south west to access maximum sunlight.
• Minimum 2 hours of sunlight needed, around 10-100 lux of light.
• Ventilation-at least one opening (500-600mm) read.
• Necessary elements:
a. Squatting pan-1 per every 80 pupil.
b. Wash tap-1 per 40-50 pupil
c. Urinal-1 per 20-30 pupil.
REST ROOM/SANITARY FACILITY
1.Lesson Time WCs For Boys And Girls(Separate)
• 100 boys/girls = 15m^2
• Position next to classroom.
2.Break Time WCs for Boys And Girls(Separate)
• 250 boys/girls = 40 m^2
3.Double Range WCs For Boys And Girls(Separate)
• 500 boys = 40 m^2
• 500 girls = 65 m^2
Other For Staffs
• 30 male staffs = 15 m^2
• 20 female staffs = 10 m^2
 CORRIDOR AND STAIRWAY
Corridor of 2-2.5 m, well ventilated.
Stair:
Location :-centrally located, Sufficient light.
-maximum no. of risers per flight = 15
-Tread>or=28cm,riser<or=17 cm
-Handrail=0.9 m
• Width of corridor
-Maximum travel distance from the exist or
stairs: 30m
-Maximum distance doorway fro the exist or
stairs: 20 m
FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENTS
FURNITURE DATA
2-SEATER DESK BENCH ( Pine
wood/ metal structure)
 LAB FURNITURE
☆Workbench
Size-8ft*4ft No of student per
bench=6-8
☆Electrical Raceway (esp. For physics
lab)
☆Base cabinet and wall cabinet
☆Lab stool
Should be small and easy to handle
Adjustable height
☆Tap water supply (esp. For bio lab

• Epoxy resin is most suitable material for chemistry

lab as many corrosive chemicals is used there.
• MDF(Medium Density fiber board) TYPICAL LAB WORKBENCH
WHITEBOARD
DIMENSION
• Dimension:1735×1011
• Outside frame made
of wood
• Material
:MDF(medium density
fibreboard)
SAFETY AND SECURITY
Safety include two major aspect:
1. Physical safety
2. Emotional/psychological safety

1. Physical safety
• Fire protection
Cause
Overload bear of electric fuse
Chemical reaction from lab
Gas leakage from lab and canteen
Solution
Well insulating electric wire
easy access to fire safety mat.
Switch off gas in no use
Applying fire alarm system in
crowded areas
Natural disasters management

•Consider the building i.e. check the structure stability of building to ensure safety
•Secure furniture i.e. Tall Shelf computer cabinet should be attached to wall
•Create a emergency supply
•Teaching technique of duck cover and hold on
•Practice evacuations process of any hazard
MAJOR POINT TO ENSURE SAFETY AND SECURITY IN
SCHOOL
SOURCE :-
NEUFERT
TIME SAVER STANDARD
ARCH DAILY
WIKIPIEDIA
NATIONAL DESIGN GUIDELINES
 CASE STUDY I
FRANCOIS MITTERLAND HIGH SCHOOL ,
BRAZIL
INTRODUCTION
• Area covered – 12199 m2 CONCEPT
• Completed year – 2016 AD •UTILIZATION,DISTRIBUTION OF
• Architect – Jean Dubus , CONSTRUCTION THROUGH
Jose luiz Tabith
TERRITOR
• Climate – Warm , Dry • PLAYING WITH PRESENCE &
climate
ABSENCE OF VOLUME
• Annual temperature – 16-29
°C • ESTABLISHMENT OF
• Category – High school PERMANENT DIALOUGE BETWEEN
• Location – South lake OPEN & CLOSED SPACE.
region of Brasilia
• Architecture honors & prize
– 2nd place in institutional
building category
- Selected for competition
with criteria-sustainable
arch & adaptation to site.
COMPONENTS
1. Hallway (primary)
2. Internal corridors
3. Classrooms
4. Courtyard
5. Refectories
6. Gymnasium
7. Indoor swimming pool
8. Sport court
9. Laboratory
10. Auditorium
11. Library
 FEATURES
• Arrangement creates areas of natural
coexistence.
• Integrated pedagogical outdoor
activities combine with nature.
• Square courtyard allow permanent
cross ventilation between building.
• Building facing south façade having
glass.
• North facing wall protected wit
wooden eaves & 1.5m parasol, being
piroted.
FEATURES
• Raised metallic structure
(7m),supporting slats of timber,
casting shadow across both
external & internal environment.
Roof special feature
• Protection provided by natural
materials.
• Approx 5000 m2 of green
coverage ( reduce need for
internal heating)
• Helps in considerable
improvement of thermal/acoustic
insulation
TECHNICAL ARRANGEMENT
1. Treated with cross-ventilation & computer controlled
humidifiers (negating need of air conditioning ,
somewhat unusual for region with warm , dry weather)
2. Vapouring element strategically located out of reach &
close to opening [Reason :- Enhance natural air
humidifying in such way that no water droplets are
formed]
3. Technological system combined with peripheral
structure allows flexibility of internal space.
4. Inner space compartmentalized with multi-layered
gypsum wall.
RELATION OF SPACES

MASTER PLAN

SECTION
STRENGTH
• Project integrates harmoniously to
surrounding environment overturning urban
design of Brasilia
• Design method allows to observe ever-
changing external landscape, green areas,
sunlight.
WEAKNESS
• No ramp connecting upper floor for disabled
people
OPPORTUNITY
• Space for future expansion
• Building biophilia enhance motivation improves
mood of student
• Doesn’t limit learning solely to traditional classroom
experience
THREAT
• Heavy rainfall & flood in the very area.
• Solution :- Proper drainage system is designed
 CASE STUDY II
SELAQUI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
SELAQUI SCHOOL
•Co-educational and fully residential school​
•Client program: Promote equality in gender​
Train future leader for secular environment.
CLIMATE
Summer are hot temp-27°C to 41°C​
Winter are cold temp- 5°C to 27°C​ LOCATION
ABOUT SITE •Doon valley Dehradun, heavily forested On the
•Site area-52acres​ foothill of middle Himalayas ​
•Architect- Amardeep Singh,Gurgaun​ •Located 20km form Dehradun On Dehradun-
•Site has gradual slope with 200 years Chakrakot road
old peepal tree​
•Picturesque splendid view with river
 Approach
• Main entrance
west facing
18’wide road
• Service entrance
south facing
15’wide road
DESIGN CONCEPTS
CLASSROOM
• Classroom size = 7.5m x 7.5m
• Strength of students=25-30 i.e.
56.2 sq. m for 30 pupils
• Chalkboard size= 1200mm x
2100mm
LABORATORY
• Laboratory size= 7.5m x 12.7m
• There are labs for computer
physics chemistry biology
• Besides working area technician
space preparatory space and store
is provided.
 Administration
Football ground and Athletic track

Amphitheater Adharshila
RESIDENTIAL
Hostel block
• Hostel are placed separately on the rear Staff Housing
side of site
• Playfield are provide betwn hostel • Proper segregation between teacher
• 4 cluster for boys and 2 cluster for girls Housing and hostel
hostel • It’s open up into central green space
• Dinning block between boys and girls serving as separate outdoor space
hostel

1 cluster plan
 CASE STUDY III
GANDAKI BOARDING SCHOOL
POKHARA
Introduction
• It is a selective co-educational boarding school which offers its service
to students ranging from 4 to 12.
• Formerly known as Nepal Adarsha Bidhyashram.
• Multi-lingual, multi-cultural and multi-ethnic educational institution that
in corporate all castes, religious, values and languages.
 • AREA- 35 Acres
LOCATION • ORIENTATION- North-East
• SCHOOL TYPE – Community
• It is located in Lamachaur, Pokhara, kaski • ESTABLISHED – On 11 June 1966 \
( 200 kilometers west of Kathmandu ) 30 Jestha 2023 BS
• STAFF - 150
• EMPLOYEES- 70
• No. OF STUDENTS – 1130 (approx)
• AVERAGE CLASS SIZE – (35-42)
• MOTTO - Knowledge , Character and
Service
• Affiliation – Grade 10
- (A –Level) Cambridge
International Examination
- Higher Secondary
Education Board (10+2)
• FOUNDER – The United Mission to
Nepal
- The Shining Hospital
- The Local Community
HISTORY
• Initially the facilities were primitive with all
the thatched-roofed building and bamboo.
• Designated as a co-educational regional
school in 1985 with English as the medium.
• 1991 – Grade 4-10
• 1999- a new college GCES
• From 2010 GCE –A Level

CLIMATE
• Summer are hot and temperature ranges from SITE SPECIFICATION
30.6°C -20.9°C. • Built up area – (30 %)
• Winter are cold and pleasant land temperature • Open area – (70%)
ranges from 19.7°C -7.1°C.
• Precipitation:- 14%
• Humidity:-74%
• Wind :- 6 km/hr
• Solar Radiation :- 5.44 Kwh/m2/day
 SITE PLAN

1.Main Entrance 2.Academic block 3.+2 & A Level block 4.IT lab 5.GCES building
6.Basketball Court 7.Playground for GCES students 8.Health centre 9.Maintainance Room
10.Zology and Botany lab 11.Music Room 12.Boys Hostels 13.Girls hostel 14.Dining hall
15.Staff Quarters 16.Fish Pond 17.Tennis Court 18.Gymnasium Hall 19.Cricket and Sports
Court 20.Bus stop 21.Administration 22. Football ground 23. Hockey ground
24.Parking(public) 25.Swimming pool
PLANNING ANALYSIS
• Hostels are placed separately on the rear side of the site with minimum disturbance and interference.
• Academic block is placed in front and at the side of main entry.
• Vehicular movements in such a way that minimum traffic coincide with regular activities and encouraging
pedestrian movements.
• Academic block and primary level are separate from +2 blocks.

ZONING
• Academic – Offices, Classrooms, Labs, Teacher’s room,
library, Toilets
• Hostel Block –Separate hostels for boys and girls and
warden quarter
Boys (7) and Girls (3)
• Staff Quarters and principal’s quarters
• Dining block- common dining for students and staff
kitchen
• Sport facilities – Swimming pool, Tennis, Basketball,
Cricket, Football, Volleyball, Hockey
• Other facilities and services – Gymnasium hall, Music
room, laboratories, parking, health center, fish pond, bus
station
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
 With Nature
• Fusion of Architecture and Nature
• Green spaces in the periphery of the building.
 Courtyard Form
• Traditional courtyard system
• Serve as focal point within a building.
 Traditional architectural expression slopping
roofs.
 Light
• Corridors are single located with good lighting.
• Using plenty of natural lighting.

MATERIALS
• The buildings are largely built of
locally available STONE
• SLATE for roofing
• TIMBER
• MUD
• STEEL
 NORTH ELEVATION
DESIGN CHALLANGES
• Passive cooling in a single story in a
warm humid climate.
• The space within the building
enjoys a very high percentage of
solar and also thermal comfort as
the courtyard is open into the sky.
• Courtyard serves as a means to
provide natural light cool air
privacy as well as security within
the building.
• Micro-climate modifier to the built
environment
ADMINISTRATION
• Placed in front
and at the side of
main entry.
• Circulation space
–approx (30-35%)
• Corridors are 1.8
m wide.
• Traditional
architectural
expression
• Rectangular plan
form
PLAN
CLASSROOM
• Classroom size –( 35 -42) Sq m
• Height = 10’
• Wall thickness – 1’6‛(18 inches)
• Chalk board size – 1200mm x 2100mm
• Bright with natural lighting and airy with square plan.
• Strength of students – 25-30
 LIBRARY
• Sitting arrangement for 45- 50
students
• Set up in a simple building with
natural light
• Open system library and easily
accessible to students and teachers

LABORATORIES
• Laboratory size -7.5m x 10.7m
• Students strength – 30 i.e. 90 sq m
for 30 pupils
• Lab for the science courses
throughout classes 4 to 12
1. Physics lab
2. Chemistry lab
3. Zoology and Botany lab
4. IT Lab
SERVICE BLOCK
DINING HALL AND KITCHEN
• Placed in centre of boys and girls
hostel.
• Capacity – 100 students

HEALTH CENTER
• Nurse remain in charge of health
center and of the health education
classes.
• Placed on southern side and direct LOCATION ON SITE OF
DINING HALL AND HEALTH CENTER
accessible.

Main entrance PARKING AND BUS STATION

• Oriented toward north-east direction.
Sport facilities and other creative spaces
• Gymnasium(basketball
volleyball softball badminton
handball )
• One volleyball court near
hostel 1 & 4
• Outdoor basketball courts
• Cricket pitch
• Two football grounds
• Table tennis board in each
hostel
• One outdoor handball court
• Tennis court
• Hockey ground in girls hostel

PLAYGROUNDS
 GYMNASIUM HALL\MULTIPURPOSE HALL SWIMMING POOL

USERS BEHAVIOUR
•Community steeped in good values truth and
empathy that create a great sense of inclusion
and belonging.
•Create a opportunities in society and country.
DANCE ROOM
OPPORTUNITIES
•Dynamic and Holistic learning.
WEAKNESS
•No facility for differently able student.
•More scattered forms.
CASE STUDY
IV
DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL
 • Delhi Public School, Is a school
running under the aegis of
Delhi Public School Society,
affiliated with CBSE Board and
offers +2 Science and
Commerce.
• Established Year : May 7th,
2008
• Location: Biratnagar, Nepal
• Area :35916.sqm
• Site info : Western part of
Biratnagar, Surrounded by
Farming lands and residence.
A Canal passes through the
west of the site from north to
south.
• School Type: Independent
INTRODUCTION School
• Teacher Students Ratio: 1:35
 Site description:
• The site surrounding is not well
developed and populated.
• A soap industry lies in the north-
east of the site whose polluted
gases flows towards the site.
• A chemical industry lies in the
north of the site in about 100m
distance.
• The site lacks the infrastructures
as the place is not well-developed,
but it is a fresh air production area
with no noise pollution.
• The site is about 2 km away from
the urban heat island core. Though
the city is highly polluted, the site
surrounding is pollution free. Figure : DPS, Biratnagar
Site
 CLIMATE
• Climatic Zone: warm temperate/
Sub-tropical monsoon (terai region)
• Average Temperature:28.8
• Max Temp:32
• Min Temp:25
• Precipitation: average rainfall- 1898
mm
High rainfall during monsoon
• Sky condition: mostly cloudy in
monsoon Clear in summer
• Humidity: Dry in summer. 62% In
monsoon
• Solar radiation: Strong radiation in
summer
Temperature
 LANDSCAPE AND SITE PLAN
• There is lots of tree planted which are helping in shading device,
buffering zone, etc.
• The school is full of greeneries which helps in production of fresh air
which is enough for reducing pollution.
• The building is composed up of courtyard planning with sky light which
give enough light inside the building.
CONCEPT, FORM, AND FUNCTION
• Courtyard planning
• Concept - ‚form follows the function‛.
• Cubical shape which is fully stable with simple geometric forms and subtractive
transformation.
• All the shading device used in the building is egg carat and dimension is fixed
according to the sun angles to the window.
FACILITIES:
• Hostel facility for both male and female but
adjust both in a same building with floor
separation.
• There is a school canteen accommodating 250
students at a time.
• The library contains reference books and
encyclopaedia ; it subscribes to major Indian and
international publications.
• The computer labs are open to all students and
teachers; the School ensures uninterrupted
internet connectivity.
• Well equipped Physics, Chemistry & Biology
Labs, where the theories taught in classrooms
come to life.
• Transportation facilities for the students of long
distance.
Architecture: First floor
SPACES: Indoor games block:
• Stationary shop • Music hall
Generator room
• Exam room • Table tennis hall
• Waiting area • Carrom and chess room
• Check post • Music class
Outdoor games block
• Parking • Art class • Child playground
• Classrooms • Football ground
• Stationary store
• Washrooms • Cricket net practice
Academic block:
• Programme stage
Ground floor Second floor • Tennis court
• Reception/praying/waiting • Computer lab • Basketball court
area • Geography lab • Volleyball court
• Staircases • Science labs • Skating
• Language lab • Wastage and safety tanks
• Admin room
• Staff room • Water storage and supply
• Principal office • Library block
• Medicine room • Classrooms • Hostel
• Washrooms • Washrooms • Canteen block:
• Classrooms Ground floor
First floor
• Staff room
PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS:
Classroom:
• Square plan of about 30’*30’.
• 6’ for teacher circulation .
• Furniture used in the classes are of inadequate
dimension desk about 11” .
• Capacity of 35 students at once.
• Circulation between furniture is about 4’.
• Door is of 4’ width and 7’ height.
• Window is of 8’ width, its sill level is about 3’-
4”and lintel level is about 8’-4”.
Canteen:
• Capacity of canteen is about 250 students at a time.
• The ceiling height of the canteen is less which is about 11’. The
entry is about 6’*8’.
Wash room:
• The height of urinal is same for adults which is about 2’-6”
• . The toilet is about 4’*4”. The wash basin is about 2’-6”.
• The door or window is about 2’-6”. The horizontal circulation
inside the washroom is about 4’.
Library:
• The space inside the Library is inadequate for the
circulation of students.
• The ceiling height of the library is less which is
about 11’. The furniture arrangement and
dimension is inappropriate which lead difficulties
to the students
• . The door used in it is about 6’*7’.
Reception and waiting area:
• The space of reception and waiting area is large
or adequate. The sitting area is placed at the
corner which is not affecting the circulation.
• The main entry of the block is about 8’*8’. The
ceiling height about 11’.
Table tennis and music hall:
The ceiling height is low. The steel sheet is used as
roofing material which leads room to the hotter. The
music hall is small in size which lead in more echo.
Lab: PARKING DETAILS :
• There was large parking space available in the
• The room size of the lab is
school but also it was not enough for parking.
inadequate for proper Parking is just designed enough for school buses.
circulation of the student • There are 17 buses, staff two and four
wheeler vehicles and visitor too.
• Visitors and staffs vehicles are
creating disturbances on the pathway. Visitors
are of high economy class so there are large
number of vehicles.
 •
Services:
The whole site is served with 24
Figure 1: water plant
hour electricity facility with the
block help of huge generators. Every
spaces inside the buildings holds
adequate no. of fans with some
special rooms connected with air-
conditions. Kitchen is connected
with a chimney.
• There are fire-extinguishers in the
corridors kept for fire safety. Water
supply plant is adjusted which
sucks underground water, purifies
it and supplies to the whole site.
• Huge underground safety tanks and
a sewage, where the wastages of
the entire school is burnt, are
managed in the western part of the
site near the football ground.

Figure 2: Canteen chimney

Figure 3: Sewage
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Literature Francois Selaqui Gandaki Delhi public
Review mitterland high interaction school boarding school school
school
1.building -North orientation -North east -North- east -North
orientation - of academic orientation. orientation of orientation of
north with block. Courtyard and building. academic
courtyard or Linear planning to clustered Courtyard part.courtyard
clustered or linear get enough light. planning . planning for planning .
planning as per disturbing enough
requirement. light.
2.Building should -Proper -Gradual sloppy -Huge number of -Not depend
be nature integration of land, utilized in trees present on on nature a
dependent and indoor and design as site used as great deal but
have proper use outdoor different block in shading device. light through
of it. environment, different level. opening using
cross ventilation skylight.
using courtyard. Buffering zone
for temp
management
3.Design of -Roof covered by -Funicular roofing -stone and mud -Well designed
building natural materials made by locally available according to
considering providing compression of material used in anthropometry
climate , insulation to inner waste ,reduce wall acting as except ceiling
temperature surface. heat transmission. insulating height ,urinal and
,rainfall. -Wooden eaves -chamfered material. stage.
,parasol ,slate corner in class for -Overhanging roof
timber for shading diagonal covering corridor
. arrangements of protecting from
furniture. heavy rainfall.
4.Zoning of space Library near to Academic court -Academic and Adequate spaces
as per relation. entrance easily near entrance. administration for all block at
accessible from staff residence close to each site. zoning of
classroom but between boys and other but hostel some space like
canteen near class girls hostel, scattered without stage, pray hall
which may disturb properly planned. proper alignment. improper.
class.
THANK YOU.