TWI Visual Welding Inspection

Types of Joints In Welds

Copyright © TWI Ltd

WIS1-60116
 Terminology

A weld
A union between materials caused by heat, and
or pressure.

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Types of Joint

T Edge Cruciform

Butt Lap Corner

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Butt Joints

Square edged

Closed Open

Single sided butt

V Bevel

Double sided butt

V Bevel

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Types of Joint
Single Bevel and Single J
Angle of bevel Angle of bevel

Root
radius

Root face Root face

Root gap Root gap

Land
Single bevel butt Single J butt

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Types of Joint
Single V and Single U
Included angle Included angle

Angle Angle
of bevel of bevel

Land
(optional)

Root
radius
Root face Root face
Root gap Root gap

Single V butt Single U butt

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Types of Weld
Two commonly used welds types (Dua jenis
Sambungan Pengelasan yang umum
digunakan)

Butt weld

Fillet weld

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Types of Weld

Fillet weld Edge weld Compound weld

Butt weld Plug weld Spot weld

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 CSWIP 3.0 Visual Welding Inspector

Terminology: Features of the weld

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Weld Toes

A B

C D

Copyright © TWI Ltd

Excess Weld Metal

Weld metal lying

outside the plane
joining the toes.

BS499 -1

Also known as weld

reinforcement, overfill,
crown.

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Toe Blend
Stress Reduced

20° 3mm

Excess height = lower angle

Lower angle = reduced stress concentration

Excess height + lower angle = Good toe blend

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Plate Butt Weld Features

Parent metal Toe Weld face

Toe

Weld

Root HAZ

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Features of the Weld

Weld zone

Weld face

Weld
metal Fusion
boundary/line
Heat
Affected
Zone
(HAZ)

Root

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Terminology
Features of the Weld
Features of a Fillet weld on plate

Toe
Parent
metal
Face

Weld
Root HAZ

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Fillet Weld Profiles

Mitre fillet

Concave fillet

Convex fillet

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Fillet Weld Dimensions
Leg Length
The leg length of a fillet weld is the distance from
the root to the toe of the fillet weld.
Also called the fusion face.

Vertical leg length

Horizontal leg length

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Fillet Weld Dimensions
Throat Thickness
The throat thickness of a fillet weld is the
perpendicular distance from the root to the face
centre of the fillet weld.

Throat thickness

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Fillet Weld Dimensions
Throat Thickness
The throat thickness can be expressed in
terms of either:
▪ Design throat thickness.
▪ Actual throat thickness.

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Throat Thickness
Convex Fillet Weld

Actual throat

Design throat

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Throat Thickness
Concave Fillet Weld

Design throat =
Actual throat
Actual throat

Design throat

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Throat and Leg
The Ratio
Based on the right angled
triangle

LL TT
6
1.414 1

1 0.707
?
6 x 0.707 = 4.242 or 4.2mm

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Terminology
Types of Weld

Leg length
a = Horizontal leg length.
b b = Vertical leg length.

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Terminology
Types of Weld
Butt welds
t2 t2

t1 t1

t2 t1
t1

t1 – Design throat t2 – Actual throat

thickness thickness

Copyright © TWI Ltd

 Terminology
Types of Weld
Partial Penetration Butt welds

t2

t1

t’2
t’1

t1 t’1= Design throat thickness

t 2 t’2= Actual throat thickness
Copyright © TWI Ltd
 Welding Inspector Duties

Any questions?

Copyright © TWI Ltd

TWI Visual Welding Inspection

Position In Welds

Copyright © TWI Ltd

WIS1-60116
Welding Position

Copyright © TWI Ltd

Welding Position

Copyright © TWI Ltd

Welding Position

Copyright © TWI Ltd

Welding Position

Copyright © TWI Ltd

----Tank You----

Copyright © TWI Ltd