‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

King Abdulaziz University

Faculty of Computing and information Technology
Computer Science Department

CPCS-204 Data Structures I

2- Data

CPCS204, Data Structures I, Updated by Pr. Abdullah Basuhail, CS, FCIT, KAU, 1442H-2021G 1
 Data
• Collection of facts from which conclusion may be drawn
• Example:
• Temperature is 10o C;
• Conclusion: COLD!

• Types of data:
• Textual: name (Muhammad)
• Numeric: id (375604)
• Audio: voice
• Image: picture
• …
CPCS204, Data Structures I, Updated by Pr. Abdullah Basuhail, CS, FCIT, KAU, 1442H-2021G 2
 Data Types
• Built-in constructs of a programming language to manipulate
“basic types of data”
• Character
• Integer
• Real
• …
• Examples
• int, char, double, …

CPCS204, Data Structures I, Updated by Pr. Abdullah Basuhail, CS, FCIT, KAU, 1442H-2021G 3
 Data Structures
• A particular way of storing and organizing data in a computer
so that it can be used efficiently
• Group of data elements grouped under one name
• Also referred as Abstract Data Type (ADT)
• Example:
• Array:
int dayTemperatures[24];

CPCS204, Data Structures I, Updated by Pr. Abdullah Basuhail, CS, FCIT, KAU, 1442H-2021G 4
 Goal
• Organize data to facilitate efficient
• Storage
• Retrieval
• Manipulation

• Design Issue
• Challenge is to select most appropriate DS for a problem

CPCS204, Data Structures I, Updated by Pr. Abdullah Basuhail, CS, FCIT, KAU, 1442H-2021G 5
 Data Structures Types
• Array
• Stack
• Linked list
• Queue
• Tree
• Graph
• Hash Table
• Heap
CPCS204, Data Structures I, Updated by Pr. Abdullah Basuhail, CS, FCIT, KAU, 1442H-2021G 6
 Data Structures Classification
• Based on Existence
• Physical
• Can be created independently
– Array, Linked List

• Logical
• Can’t be created independently
– Stack, queue, tree, graph

CPCS204, Data Structures I, Updated by Pr. Abdullah Basuhail, CS, FCIT, KAU, 1442H-2021G 7
 Data Structures Classification
• Based on Memory allocation
• Static
• Fixed sized DSs
– Arrays

• Dynamic:
• Change size
– Linked lists

CPCS204, Data Structures I, Updated by Pr. Abdullah Basuhail, CS, FCIT, KAU, 1442H-2021G 8
 Data Structures Classification
• Based on Representation
• Linear
• Arrays
• Linked lists
• Stack
• Queues

• Non-linear
• Trees
• Graphs

CPCS204, Data Structures I, Updated by Pr. Abdullah Basuhail, CS, FCIT, KAU, 1442H-2021G 9
 Operations on Data Structures
• Traversing
• Accessing/visiting each data element exactly once so that certain
items in the data may be processed

• Searching
• Finding location of a given data element (key) in the structure

• Insertion
• Adding new data element to structure

CPCS204, Data Structures I, Updated by Pr. Abdullah Basuhail, CS, FCIT, KAU, 1442H-2021G 10
 Operations on Data Structures
• Deletion
• Removing a data element from structure

• Sorting
• Arranging the data elements in some logical fashion
• ↑↓

• Merging
• Combining data elements form two or more data structures into one

CPCS204, Data Structures I, Updated by Pr. Abdullah Basuhail, CS, FCIT, KAU, 1442H-2021G 11