ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 8 – RESEARCH PAPER

Batangas State University launched the “Higher Education Building Design

Making Contest” to all students, faculty and staff of the University. The contest is a
strategic initiative of the University in developing its campuses through well-planned
landscaping and architecture that would provide a conducive learning environment
worthy of a globally-recognized institution of higher learning.

SCHOOL REQUIREMENTS:
SITE PLANNING

Site planning in landscape architecture and architecture refers to the

organizational stage of the landscape design process. It involves the organization of
land use zoning, access, circulation, privacy, security, shelter, land drainage, and other
factors. This is done by arranging the compositional elements of landform, planting,
water, buildings and paving in site plans.

Site planning generally begins by assessing a potential site for development

through site analysis. Information about slope, soils, hydrology, vegetation, parcel
ownership, orientation, etc. are assessed and mapped. By determining areas that are
poor for development (such as floodplain or steep slopes) and better for development,
the planner or architect can assess optimal location and design a structure that works
within this space.
GENERAL OFFICES AND MULTIPLE WORKSTATIONS

The so-called general office takes on a variety of forms and configurations. In its
simplest variation it may be nothing more complex than several standard desks with
returns located within a room or space. In its more sophisticated and ergonomically
designed form, the general office may be based on an open planning or office
landscaping concept, involving a system of workstations. The workstations include desk
surfaces, files, acoustic partitions, and a host of other optional components to suit the
nature of the particular work tasks involved. The systems
are extremely flexible, allowing the workstations to be configured in a variety of shapes.
Provision for power and lighting is quite common.

The design of the general office, like the design of the private office, requires a
knowledge of the basic dimensional requirements and clearances of the workstation
and, where applicable, of the visitor seating to be accommodated.

The figure shows the typical workstation expanded into the basic U-shaped
configuration. The work/activity zone dimension range is shown as 46 to 58 in, or 116 .8
to 147 .3 cm ; additional space is needed to allow fordrawer extension of the lateral file .
Not only does it provide more storage, the lateral file unit is generally the same height
as that of the worksurface and is often utilized as a supplementary worksurface. The
distance between this unit and that of the primary worksurface must be sufficient to
allow for movement and rotation of the chair.

CONFERENCE ROOMS
Planning Data: Table Sizes and Seating Capacities

Consideration must be given to clearances and circulation around the larger

conference table, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2. A minimum of 48 in, or 121 .9 cm, is
suggested from the edge of the table to the wall or nearest obstruction. This dimension
under ordinary circumstance allows for a circulation zone beyond the sitting zone of 30
to 36 in, or 76 .2 to 91 .4 cm, based upon a maximum body breadth measurement of the
larger person. The greater dimension is recommended to allow for the chair in a pulled-
out position. The actual dimensions of the conference table are a function of the number
of people to be seated. The square table illustrated in Fig. 1 provides for eight people,
with each side ranging from 54 to 60 in, or 137.2 to 152 .4 cm. The larger dimension is
more appropriate to accommodate people of larger body size and to allow for a more
generous work zone for each person. This translates into 30 in, or 76.2 cm, per person,
which constitutes a comfortable perimeter allocation. The circular table shown in Fig. 2
comfortably accommodates five people while allowing for a 30-in, or 76 .2-cm, access
zone between chairs. To accommodate both sitting zone and circulation zone, a space
with a radius ranging from 72 to 81 in, or 182 .9 to 205.7 cm, must be provided.

It is important for the designer to understand and appreciate some of the

important details that make up a conference table. The base treatments shown in Fig. 5
are but a few of the myriad possibilities.

AUDIO-VISUAL ROOM

Audiovisual (AV) means possessing both a sound and a visual component, such as
slide-tape presentations, films, television programs, church services and live theater
productions.

RESTROOMS

The women's room requires approximately 250 ft2 for the toilet area and about
the same for the vanity area. The designer should carefully analyze the number of
lavatories and water closets specified for a given facility. Research suggests that most
"fixture counts" provided by city or state codes are too low and do not adequately reflect
the amount of time that women require. As a result, it is not unusual to see long lines in
front of women's rooms, particularly those that service places of public assembly. Note
that the plan in Fig. 9 provides supplemental vanity or counter surfaces.

ELEVATORS

Smart elevators are designed to transform the simple act of traveling between
floors. Instead of pushing a button to go up or down, passengers first select the floor
they want. Then they are directed to the elevator that will take them to their destination
with the fewest number of stops.
Manufacturers say smart elevators are faster, easier and even more energy
efficient than older elevators. But they can also take a little getting used to.
If you live or work in a big city like New York, you end up taking a lot of elevators. At
certain times of day, like lunchtime or 6 p.m., when everyone's coming and going at
once, you can feel like you've spent half your life waiting for the floor number on that
little digital screen to change.
"People find these kind of ultra-sleek, modern.," says Brian Schwagerl, Hearst's vice
president of real estate. "The doors open, they go 'whoosh' and then the doors close
and they go 'whoosh' and before you know it, you're transported to the 10th floor and
you've hardly even felt the ride."
And because smart elevators make fewer stops, they use less energy. Building
owners like them because they mean fewer large crowds forming in lobbies waiting for
the next car. Smart elevators can also calculate the weight of their passengers to
prevent too many people from getting on. It can also slow down if a disabled person is
boarding. Smart elevators can be tough for users to figure out. That can be confusing at
a place like a hotel, where users are inexperienced. But Hearst's Brian Schwagerl says
people quickly adjust.

Manufacturers concede that smart elevators aren't practical in buildings that are less
than 10 stories. They're also more expensive. For those reasons, their use is spreading
slowly. Schindler has installed about 600 of the systems in North America. But with
more and more buildings looking for ways to move people around faster, the market for
smart elevators is expected to grow.

Machine room less elevators (usually shortened to as M.R.L. or MRL) are a type of
either traction or hydraulic elevator which do not require a machine room for the
elevator.

Traction elevators
Machine room less elevators do not have a fixed machine room on the top of the
hoistway, instead the traction hoisting machine is installed either on the top side wall of
the hoistway or on the bottom of the hoistway. The motor is installed using a permanent
magnet which "sticks" the motor permanently and work with Variable Voltage Variable
Frequency (VVVF) drive. Some of the hoisting machines are
using gearless synchronous motors instead conventional induction motors. This design
eliminates the need of a fixed machine room and thus saves much building's space.
Almost all the traction MRL elevators are gearless traction.

While the hoisting motor is installed on the hoistway side wall, the main controller
is installed on the top floor next to the landing doors. This controller is situated behind a
locked cabinet which have to be unlocked using a key for maintenance, repair or
emergency purposes. Most elevators have their controller installed on the top floor but
fewer elevators have their controller installed on the bottom-most floor. Some elevators
(like those in Japan) may have the hoisting motor located on the bottom of the elevator
shaft put, thus it is called as "bottom drive MRL" elevator. Some elevators
(like Otis and Schindler) have the controller cabinet installed within the door frame
instead on the wall to save space.

Like normal traction elevators, machine room less elevators uses the
conventional steel cord ropes used as the hoisting cables. Some elevator brands (such
as Otis and Schindler) are using flat steel rope belts instead of conventional ropes.
Manufacturers using this technology claimed that with flat steel belt ropes, it saves
much space on the hoist way and to allow a minimum size of the hoisting sheave. With
flat steel belts also allows 30% lighter than conventional steel ropes.

Most machine room less elevators are used for low to mid rise buildings.
Machine room less elevators in mid-rise buildings usually serves up to 20 floors.
 There is a very rare design in which the traction machine is positioned under the
elevator cab. An example of this design was used on the Schindler Mobile elevators
introduced by Schindler in the late 1990s.

Steel structure of a scenic M.R.L. traction elevator in Indonesia. As you can see, there
is no fixed machine room above, side or bottom the hoist way.

FIRE EXITS

A fire escape is a special kind of emergency exit, usually mounted to the outside
of a building or occasionally inside but separate from the main areas of the building. It
provides a method of escape in the event of a fire or other emergency that makes the
stairwells inside a building inaccessible. Fire escapes are most often found on multiple-
story residential buildings, such as apartment buildings. At one time, they were a very
important aspect of fire safety for all new construction in urban areas; more recently,
however, they have fallen out of common use. This is due to the improved building
codes incorporating fire detectors, technologically advanced firefighting equipment,
which includes better communications and the reach of firefighting ladder trucks, and
more importantly fire sprinklers. The international building codes and other authoritative
agencies have incorporated fire sprinklers into multi-story buildings below 15 stories and
not just skyscrapers.

As buildings are built taller and taller, new fire escape ideas have been gaining
popularity. Elevators, though traditionally not used as fire escapes, are now being
thought of as a possible evacuation for high-rises and skyscrapers. Other alternate
high-rise fire escape solutions include parachutes, external collapsible elevators, and
slides.

An exit route must be permanent. Each exit route must be a permanent part of
the workplace.
 An exit must be separated by fire resistant materials. Construction materials used
to separate an exit from other parts of the workplace must have a one-hour fire
resistance-rating if the exit connects three or fewer stories and a two-hour fire
resistance-rating if the exit connects four or more stories.

Openings into an exit must be limited. An exit is permitted to have only those
openings necessary to allow access to the exit from occupied areas of the workplace, or
to the exit discharge. An opening into an exit must be protected by a self-closing fire
door that remains closed or automatically closes in an emergency upon the sounding of
a fire alarm or employee alarm system. Each fire door, including its frame and
hardware, must be listed or approved by a nationally recognized testing laboratory.

At least two exit routes must be available in a workplace to permit prompt

evacuation of employees and other building occupants during an emergency, except as
allowed in paragraph (b)(3) of this section. The exit routes must be located as far away
as practical from each other so that if one exit route is blocked by fire or smoke,
employees can evacuate using the second exit route.

More than two exit routes must be available in a workplace if the number of
employees, the size of the building, its occupancy, or the arrangement of the workplace
is such that all employees would not be able to evacuate safely during an emergency.

The ceiling of an exit route must be at least seven feet six inches (2.3 m) high.
Any projection from the ceiling must not reach a point less than six feet eight inches (2.0
m) from the floor.

An exit access must be at least 28 inches (71.1 cm) wide at all points. Where
there is only one exit access leading to an exit or exit discharge, the width of the exit
and exit discharge must be at least equal to the width of the exit access.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES:

NEXT GENERATION VRF COOLING SOLUTION

Blue Star launches the next generation 100% Inverter VRF AC system that is 'Made in
India' and 'Made for India'
|Back
Airconditioning and commercial refrigeration major, Blue Star Limited, has announced
the launch of the next generation, 100% inverter variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air-
conditioning system named Blue Star VRF IV Plus. Blue Star VRF IV Plus is the
country's first 'Made in India' 100% inverter VRF system which is 'Made for India' since
it's well suited for the varying climatic conditions as well as voltage fluctuations faced
across the country.
The global air-conditioning market, addressed by a range of product categories such as
chillers, VRF systems, packaged/ducted systems as well as room air conditioners,
stands at a cumulative value of USD 90 billion. The VRF market contributes to 9% of
this global market. The Indian air-conditioning market is estimated to be around Rs
15000 crores, out of which 6% comprise VRFs.
A VRF system is a sophisticated and intelligent system that cools large multi-zone
spaces with varying heating and cooling needs through smart controls. They are apt for
segments such as hotels and restaurants, hospitals, educational institutions, residential
as well as office spaces. The VRF technology was introduced in Japan and has been
gaining wide acceptability across the globe and in India due to its inherent advantages
such as high-power savings, quick installation, ease of operation and the flexibility of
choosing a wide range of indoor units that suit the application and décor. The VRF
market in India has been growing at a healthy rate, and is expected to grow at a
compounded annual growth rate of at least 15% over the next few years. In India, while
the residential air-conditioning market is moving towards one-on–one inverter split air
conditioners, the commercial segment is showing a strong inclination towards VRF
systems.

INNOVATIVE LIGHTING CONCEPTS FOR LED AND CONTROL SYSTEMS

LED Lighting Solutions, Built to Last
Innovative Lighting is a recognized leader in developing and manufacturing LED lighting
technology with our proprietary optics. Our products are made and assembled in
America. Innovative Lighting offers a diverse line of technically advanced, best-in-class,
energy-efficient, dependable LED lighting products and accessories to meet all your
new and retrofit interior and exterior illumination needs.

Innovative Lighting also produces plastic-molded injected components and offers

custom injection molding services for almost any need.

RETROFIT
Innovative Lighting’s retrofit LED lighting solutions offer a great opportunity to replace
incandescent and fluorescent or halogen lamps with LED fixtures.

REMODEL
Be sure to spec Innovative Lighting’s LED fixtures for your new construction or for the
remodel of your office, warehouse or retail store.
ENERGY SAVING
Our LED lights and fixtures are environmentally friendly, are mercury free, use far less
energy and last much longer than traditional light sources.

MADE IN THE USA

Innovative Lighting’s quality LED lighting and injection plastic-molded products are
made in the USA, which benefits our nation’s economy.

HEAT REFLECTIVE ROOF COATING

Cool Roof with InfraCOOL® Technology
The built environment includes large areas of roof surface which can absorb the Sun's
radiation to act as solar radiators.

It makes sense to design a barrier that combats the specific Heat Source, and that
means reflecting the Sun's rays BEFORE they're absorbed as heat.

By reflecting more of the Sun's radiation, Dulux Cool Roof™ with InfraCOOL®
Technology can keep surfaces cooler to help reduce heat buildup in roof spaces that
can filter into living zones¹

¹The extent to which InfraCOOL® may translate to internal benefits in warm conditions
will depend on variables such as colour choice, building design (including roof pitch,
materials & window placement), insulation, ventilation, occupancy use, shading,
location, climate and ratio of exposed roof area to floor area. Colour choice can still
make a difference. Cool Roof White and Pastel shades are the coolest choice overall.
SOURCES:

Http://Www.Npr.Org/Templates/Story/Story.Php?Storyid=6799860
Http://Elevation.Wikia.Com/Wiki/Machine_Room_Less_Elevator
918 News Article About An Elastic Canvas Fire Escape Chute -- Keep A Fire-Escape
Under The Window-Sill, Popular Science Monthly, December 1918, Page 47, Scanned
By Google Books: Https://Books.Google.Com/Books?Id=Eikdaaaambaj&Pg=Pa47
Http://Www.Nytimes.Com/2015/03/19/Nyregion/In-New-York-City-Elevators-Become-
An-Option-In-Emergency-Evacuations.Html
Jump Up^ Https://Sourceable.Net/High-Rise-Fires-Rethinking-Exit-Strategies/
Time-Saver Standards Interior Design
http://www.deped.gov.ph/sites/default/files/page/2016/DECS%20SERVICE%20MANUA
L_10%20VIII%20-%20Educational%20Facilities.PDF
https://www.bluestarindia.com/media/press-releases/blue-star-launches-the-next-
generation-100-inverter-vrf-ac-system-that-is-made-in-india-and-made-for-india
http://www.innovativelight.com/
http://www.dulux.com.au/specifier/our-brands/dulux-acratex/infracool