Non Elastic

Impression Dr. Mehwish Pasha

Senior lecturer

Materials Dental materials

 According to Elastic Properties

Non-Elastic Elastic

Impression Hydrocolloids Elastomers

compound

Impression Alginate
Polysulphide polyether Silicones
Plaster

Agar
Impression Condensation
Waxes silicone

Impression Addition
Paste Silicone
Important term

Muco-compressive Impression materials

• Records the oral tissues in a functional and displaced form.

• The oral soft tissues are resilient and thus tend to return to their
anatomical position once the forces are relieved.
• The materials used for this technique include impression compound, zinc
oxide impression material, and soft liners.
 Muco-static Impression materials

The impression is made with the oral mucous membrane and the jaws
in a normal, relaxed condition.
The impression is made with an oversized tray or called spaced tray.
The mucostatic technique results in a denture, which is closely adapted
to the mucosa of the denture- bearing area but has poor peripheral
seal----(stable but not retentive)
IMPRESSION
COMPOUND
Impression compound is a
thermoplastic material

A thermoplastic material is a
plastic polymer that becomes
pliable or moldable at a certain
elevated temperature and
solidifies upon cooling

• Also known as modelling plastic

Types

Type II – HIGH FUSING

Type I – LOW FUSING
Used for construction of
Used to take Impressions
Impression trays

High and low fusing indicates a difference in fusion (softening)

temperature
COMPOSITION
Component Function
Thermoplastic Natural or synthetic Characterizes the softening
Material resins and waxes temperature

Filler Gives body by increasing the

viscosity of softened material
Talc Reduces thermal contraction

Lubricant *Stearic acid, Shellac Improves flow properties

or Gutta percha
Type I impression material is usually
supplied in a sheet or stick form

• Sheet material is used for recording

primary impression of edentulous
ridges,

• Stick form is used for border extensions

on impression trays
Manipulation of Type I – Sheet form
The sheet material is normally softened using a water bath
• Both temperature and conditioning time in
the water bath affects the performance of the
material;

• If the temperature is too low - material

doesn’t soften thoroughly
• If the temperature is too high – becomes
sticky and unmanageable

A temperature in the range of 55-60oC

is normally found to be ideal
• The conditioning time must also be carefully monitored
• Conditioning for long period
• leaching of stearic acid
• Reduces flow characteristics
• Compound becomes brittle and grainy

• Conditioning for short period lead to uneven softening of the

material
• Because these are poor conductors of heat and will take several
minutes for the center to soften

• Kneading the material while softening will promote

plasticity and even softening
Manipulation of- Sheet Form

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oc1Bl-
AFRqc
• The next step is pouring of model

• Impression compound is used for

primary impression of edentulous
arches for construction of full
denture

• If so, the next step is fabrication of

a custom tray with self-cure acrylic
Acrylic trays---- CUSTOM MADE
Manipulation of – Stick form
The stick material (commonly known as green
stick) is used for BORDER MOULDING
• It shapes the borders of the impression tray
• Duplicates the contours and sizes of vestibules
• Records the DYNAMIC shape of the oral soft
tissues

Also provides localized muco-compression at the

distal end of the palatal coverage
This is necessary to give retention in the posterior
palatal area or post-dam area
Green stick is softened directly over the flame Softened till it droops, but don’t over heat
Manipulation of green stick

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2Eg5wXkSj8&t=194s
For eg Maxilla is divide into several parts and the impression of each part is done separately
Same goes for mandible
 REQUIREMENTS
1. Impression compound should flow at mouth temperature (37oC) and at
45oC

• This differentiates between type I and Type II compound material

Type I – should flow readily at or just above MT
b/c these have to take impression of the edentulous ridge and will
not be able to do so if they become rigid

Type II – Should ideally not flow or distort at MT

Used as impression tray and should be rigid at mouth temperature

• Type I materials should also be able to record impression or grooves 0.2 - 4

mm wide, cut into the surface of metal test blocks
2. Not containing irritating or toxic ingredients

3. Harden uniformly when cooled without

distortion

4. Have a consistency when softened which allow

to reproduce fine details

5. Dimensionally stable after removal from mouth

& during storage

7. Exhibit a smooth glossy surface after flaming

8. Withstand trimming with sharp knife without

flaking or Chipping after hardening
 Properties
1. Impression compound is most viscous of all
impression materials

Significance:
• Limits the degree of fine details that can be
recorded in an impression
• Characterizes the material as Muco-
compressive
• It displaces the lingual and buccal soft tissues
so full depth of the sulcus can be recorded so
it improves retention of the denture
2. Impression compound is rigid after setting and has poor elastic
properties

• Can only be used in areas with no undercuts

• A large stress would be required to remove the impression from under
cut areas and resultant impression would be grossly distorted

3. They have low thermal conductivity

• Need extended time to achieve thorough cooling and heating of
compound
• Kneading can be done to thoroughly soften the material
4. These materials develop significant internal stresses,
Due to three reasons
High of value of thermal expansion
Poor thermal conductivity
Large temperature drop from softening temperature to room
temperature

The gradual relief of thermal stresses may cause warping or distortion

of the impression
This can be partially overcome by re softening of the temperature over
a flame and reseating

**For more accurate results the model should be poured as soon as

possible - At least within the first hour
5. Compatible with model and die material

6. Re-useable (of course that’s not advised)

7. Muco-compressive in nature

8. Adequate shelf-life
Disinfection
• Recommended disinfectant is
2% alkaline glutaraldehyde
solution

• Impression should be immersed

for the required time, rinsed and
poured immediately

• Phenolic sprays can also be used

 Disadvantages
Advantages
IMPRESSION
PASTE
 Introduction
• A non-elastic impression
material which sets by a
chemical reaction

• Available as two paste system:

• Base paste
• Accelerator
paste
Composition
COMPONENT FUNCTION
Zinc Oxide Reactive ingredient
Olive oil or equ Inert component to
form paste
PASTE 1 Zinc Acetate (trace) Accelerator
Water (trace) in some Accelerator
products
Eugenol (oil of cloves) Reactive ingredient
PASTE 2 kaolin, talc or equ Inert filler to form
paste
Setting Reaction
• Upon mixing, a reaction between zinc oxide and eugenol begins

Structure of eugenol

The phenolic OH group of the eugenol acts as a weak acid and

undergoes acid-base reaction with zinc oxide to form a salt called
zinc eugenolate
• The reaction is ionic in nature and requires an ionic medium

• The ionic nature is increased by presence of water or

ionizable salts which act as accelerators

• Some manufacturers incorporate water to increase the

setting time while others who don’t rely on contact with
patients saliva
 • Equal lengths of both pastes (which have contrasting colors) are
extruded onto the mixing paper pad or a glass slab

• A flexible stainless steel spatula is used for mixing

Manipulation • Mixing is continued for 1 min or as directed by the
manufacturer

• Mixing is complete when streaks disappear and a homogenous

color has achieved
• Material is loaded onto close fitting custom tray
 Application
• Mainly used as the final
impression in the
Primary Impression
fabrication of full denture

• Also called wash

impression or secondary
impression

Secondary Impression
 Applications
• Prosthetics
• Final impressions of edentulous jaw
• Bite registration
• Temporary cementation
• Temporary relining

• In Conservative Dentistry
• Temporary filling material

• In Periodontology
• Dressing material after gingival surgery
• Due to obtundent effect of eugenol
 • Dimensional stability
• Thickness of impression is around 1mm
• This results in insignificant dimensional
change during impression and storage
• Negligible Shrinkage of less than 0.1 %

PROPERTIES • Low initial viscosity coupled with

pseudoplastic nature results allow record
of very fine details

• The impression can be stored for long

duration without risk of distortion
• Extended setting time
 Type I paste (hard): 10 mins
 Type II paste (soft): 15 mins

• Setting is accelerated by humidity and

temperature in the mouth

• Clinician can
• Accelerate the setting reaction by:
• A drop of water
• Extending the mixing time
• Warm environment
• Retard the setting reaction by:
• Using cool spatula & mixing slab which
slows down the acid-base reaction
• Major restriction in their use is lack of elasticity
• Set material may distort or fracture when removed from undercuts

• Pastes of varying consistencies are commercially available

• High viscosity can compress the tissues
• Low Viscosity  no compression
• An advantage of heavier consistency is increased strength

• Disinfection can be done with 2 % alkaline glutaraldehyde solution

 • Some patients can be allergic to
eugenol
• Eugenol can produce stinging or
burning sensation
Non- Eugenol
Paste
• Eugenol free pastes are available in
which eugenol is replaced by
alternative organic acid such as
Orthoethoxybenzoic acid
IMPRESSION
PLASTER
• The current ISO Standard for Dental Gypsum Products
identifies 5 types of materials:

Type 1 Dental plaster, Impression

Type 2 Dental plaster, Model
Type 3 Dental Stone, Die, Model
Type 4 Dental stone, die, High strength,
Low expansion
Type 5 Dental stone, die, High strength,
high expansion
 GYPSUM
Gypsum is naturally occurring white powdery mineral

• The main agent in dental gypsum is calcined β-

calcium Sulphate hemihydrate which when mixed
with water reacts to form calcium sulphate
dihydrate

(CaSO4).H2O + 3H2O  2CaSO4.2H2O

Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate + Water  Calcium
Sulphate Dihydrate
 Composition Function
B-calcium sulphate
Main ingredient
hemihydrate
Reduces the setting expansion of
impression plaster to minimal
Anti-expansion agent Potassium sulphate proportions
It also has a secondary effect of
accelerating the setting reaction

Controls the setting time

Retarder Borax

Clear distinction between

Pigments Alazarin Red impression and model
 Manipulation
• Available as water/ powder
• Impression plaster requires a water/powder ratio of 50 – 60 ml
per 100 g
• Thus, freshly mixed impression plaster is very fluid

• Thin mix is beneficial for:

Recording fine details
 gives muco-static properties
• Due to the initial fluidity of impression Closed fit special tray
plaster

Special tray with

spacer
• A special tray is constructed with 1-1.5
mm space
• Added with the help of wax
• The technique for inserting
the impression is called
Puddling the impression
into place

• Tray is seated in a single

movement and then moved
side to side and anterior-
posteriorly

• To take advantage of the

fluidity and record all the
fine details
• A separating agent is used before pouring
the model in a plaster impression
otherwise the separation would be
impossible

• Long narrow strips of wax can be adapted

around the periphery of the impression,
this is called beading

• Beading provides a clear indication of

where the impression ends preventing
over-trimming and over-extension
Properties
 Rapid setting
 Records accurate details

 Initial fluidity
Muco-static nature
Hydrophilic in nature

 Less setting expansion

 Lower strength- brittle and fractures easily
Advantages
• Gives a very accurate impression, due to:
Fluidity
Capability of absorbing moisture form the surface of oral tissues
 intimate contact accurate impression
Minimal dimensional changes

• It is a useful material for recording the impression of a patient

having a excessively mobile soft tissues overlying the residual
alveolar bone ( flabby ridge)
FLABBY RIDGE
• It is a useful material for recording the impression
of a patient having a excessively mobile soft
tissues overlying the residual alveolar bone (
flabby ridge)

It is important to capture such mobile soft tissue in

an uncompressed state

• A special two-step impression technique is used;

A custom tray is fabricated with a window
overlying the flabby area
Impression of the bulk of the ridge is recorded
with zinc oxide eugenol paste
• Excess material is removed form
the window

• Impression is reseated in the mouth

• The shape of the flabby ridge at rest

is then recorded by painting the
impression plaster into its surface
with a brush and letting it set.
 • Due to its water absorbing
nature, patients complain of dry
sensation in the mouth after
impression.

• Intimate contact with the oral

tissues makes it difficult to
Disadvantages remove.

• Resultant impression has low

strength and may fracture easily

• It’s Non-elastic, so it can’t be

used for recording undercuts.
 • Disinfection of
impression can be
Disinfection achieved by a 10min
soak in Sodium
Hypochlorite solution
IMPRESSION
WAXES
• Rarely used to record impression
• They are used to correct imperfections in other impressions
• Applied with a brush in small quantities to fill in areas with
either insufficient material, crease or where air bubbles
might have caused blow holes

• These are also thermoplastic materials

• Flow at mouth temperature
• Relatively soft even at room temp

• These are muco-compressive in nature

• can be used to take functional impressions of the free end
saddle partial denture by the apple gate technique
 COMPOSITION Ratio
Paraffin wax 3 This composition
Bees Wax 1 allows high degree
of flow at mouth
temp

Wax is first melted before being applied to the faulty area of impression or
the impression tray

• It is then returned to the patients mouth

• Firm finger pressure is kept and wax is allowed sufficient time in the
mouth so that it can undergo plastic flow under pressure
• Recording of accurate denture bearing area
Questions?