FOOTBALL

Brief History:

Football originated from China where it was played in the form of ball game as far back as second century B.C.
In 5th century A.D. this game was played in a square field with eight players. In primitive days, stories go about
gruesome tradition, that in historic times some races used their enemies’ heads as footballs. The Romans are
said to have fostered football as the part of their military training. It is generally assumed that Roman soldiers
brought the game to Britain, although the modern game of football emerged in England in 14th century. The
English Football Association was formed in the year 1863. The type of game played in consonance with
association football rules – is called “Soccer”.

It was the first team sport to be included in the programme of Olympics held in 1900 in Paris. World Governing
Body of football Federation International de Football Association (FIFA) was formed in 1904.

The British rule brought football to India. The All India Football Federation (AIFF) was founded in 1937. India
participated in Soccer for the first time in the Olympic Games held in London in 1948.

Notes:

1. Colours of goalpost and crossbar must be white.

2. The shape of the football is spherical.

3. Circumference of the ball is minimum 27 inches and maximum 28 inches.

4. Weight of football is 410 grams – 450 grams.

5. Air pressure of the ball is 0.6 – 1.1atm. (600 – 1100 gkm2) at sea level.

6. Number of players in the team is 16 players.

7. Number of players playing is 11 players.

8. Number of substitutes are 5.

9. Max substitutions allowed in a match are 3.

10. Duration of the game for men – 2 halves of 45 minutes with 15 minutes break for men.

11. Duration of the game for women – 2 halves of 40 minutes with 15 minutes break.

REFREES

1. Main referee is one.

2. Assistant referees are two.
3. Fourth official - 1.
4. Match commissioner - 1.
Rules and Regulations:

1. The team which wins the toss takes the kick-off or select the side at the start of the match and the ball
should be stationary.

2. The ball is in play when it is kicked and moved forward and is out of play when it wholly crosses the
goal lines or touch lines.

3. A goal is scored when the ball passes over the goal line between the goal post and under the cross bar,
provided that no infringement of the law of the game has been committed by the team.

4. A player is in an offside position if he is nearer to his opponent’s goal line than both the ball and the
second last opponent.

5. With a direct free kick goal can be scored if it goes directly into opponents’ goal.

6. At the time of any type of free kick all opponents should be 10 yards away from the ball.

7. A penalty kick is awarded against a team which commits any offence intentionally in the penalty area.

8. A throw-in is awarded when the ball passes over the touch line.

9. A corner is awarded when the ball having last touch by a player of the defending team and passes over
the goal line.

10. A goal can be scored directly from a corner kick.

Skills / Techniques:

1. Passing and inter-passing:

Playing with the ball from one player to another player is called pass. Technique applied to maintain
possession of the ball is known as passing.

The first requirement of a good footballer is inter linking between players and accurate passing. Pass
may be done by head or feet, over short or long distance on the ground or in the air. Pass is the basic of
teamwork, knits the team together and promotes combinations. There are certain points to be kept in
mind while passing:

a. Do not pass the ball to a receiver who is covered but pass it to an open area.

b. He must know the direction and the short passes must be low on the ground.

c. The pass must be adjusted to the speed, distance and direction of the moving receiver.

d. Make a new position after passing. There are different types of pass, long pass is used to open the
defence and to facilitate short passes. In long passes the instep kick is used. Short passes are:

• Inter-passing between two players.

• Inter-passing among three players.
• Inter-passing among four players.
2. Kicking:

Kicking is an art to control the speed, direction and distance in the game. There are different kinds of
kicks.

Some types of kicks are:

a. Low kick f. Deflection kick

b. Lofted kick g. Kick on the turn

c. Chip shot h. Overhead kick

d. Volley or half-volley i. Corner kick

e. Back heel j. Penalty kick

3. Tackling:

This is to take away the ball from the opponent and to control the ball. For this the player keeps the eyes
on the ball and watches the speed, stride and proximity of the ball to the opponent.

Different types of tackling are:

a. From the front

b. Back tackle from a sideways approach

c. From behind

d. Back heel tackle

e. Sliding tackle

While tackling:

• Keep eyes on the ball

• Contact the ball with inside of the foot

• Carry the weight through the centre of the ball and supporting the weight with other leg. Keep the
knees bend.

4. Heading:

Heading means clearing the ball with head. It is done when the ball is about shoulder’s high or above.
He must keep his eyes fixed on the ball while heading.

Forehead is used in the heading bend the elbows and hands should be at the side of the body while
heading he should not go under the ball but behind the ball. The movement comes from the hips and the
 trunk move like a pendulum, forward, backward and sideways, to the directions the ball is to be sent.
The neck muscles must be kept tightened and under control. The feet must be off the ground with the
ankle, knees and hip slightly relaxed and bent at the time of impact.

Various headings are:

a. Forward c. Downward

b. The side d. Backward

5. Dribbling:

Dribbling means pushing or carrying the football with foot. While dribbling keep the ball always under
control. Touch the ball at every step-in order to keep it under perfect control, keep the body relaxed,
hands on the side and the body in the little crouched position. The ball is not kicked but pushed, used
short and quick strides to keep the ball ahead.

Different dribbling is:

a. Dribbling with inside of any foot

b. With outside of any foot

c. With in-step

d. Using inside and outside of the same foot alternatively

e. Using inside of the both feet alternatively

By dribbling the ball is directed in such way that opponent cannot reach the ball at all.

While dribbling:

a. Play around the opponent

b. Escape from the opponent

c. Keep ball in possession

6. Wall Formation:

a. The goalkeeper directs the players about the position of wall.

b. Tallest of all players should be preferred for formation of wall so that dangerous goal corners are
positively well protected.

c. The players in the wall must face the ball. Care should be taken that ball may not pass through the
wall.
7. Goal Keeping:

Goal keeping is an important for building a strong team. Safety is the foremost principle of goal
keeping. Both hands are used. A goalkeeper must have the following skills:

a. Catching, throwing, and fisting e. Diving for the ball and covering it

b. Punching f. Stance and balance

c. Deflecting g. Taking the goal kick

d. Dribbling and dodging

Goal keeping technique:

1. Handling the ball: A low ball can be handled by bending closer to the ball, down on one knee or
bending both legs.

2. Main point:

a. Get behind the line of the ball

b. Get down on one knee and place your body behind the ball, keep your hands ready

c. Collect the ball in front of your stomach

The player should use hands stretched outward when he doesn’t have enough time to get his whole body
behind the ball.

Main points in goal keeping:

a. Fold legs and trunk to get down behind ball

b. Lead your hands to stop the ball

c. Use your whole body as a block

d. Collect the ball firmly and avoid it getting out your grip

Game related terminology:

1. Advantage: When a foul is ignored by the referee as stopping play would provide an advantage to the
side. An Advantage refers to a situation in which the referee calls “play on” despite a foul because the
team that would be given a free kick already has the advantage of scoring with a passing opportunity.

2. Cover: To mark an opponent or help the player of the same side who is having a tough time.

3. Dead ball: When the ball is put out of play or the game is stopped by the referee.

4. Dissent: The offence of expressing disapproval towards the referee’s decision.

5. Feint: To pretend to move in one direction while moving in another.

6. Loose ball: The ball, which is not under the control of any footballer during the game is known as loose
ball.

7. Marking: Guarding a player of opposite team.

8. Sweeper: A player who does not mark any player of the opposite side but comes up behind the other
defenders when the opposite team attempts to make a goal.

9. Offside: An offender is said to be offside when he is moving towards the goal line of opponent without
ball in the absence of at least two opponents. Indirect free kick is awarded to opposite team after
infringement of “offside rule”.

10. Yellow Card: Yellow card is shown for giving caution for deliberate infringement.

11. Red Card: Red card is shown for the deliberately committed serious foul, using abusive language to the
officials / and opponents, found guilty of two cautions the player is penalised by directing him to off the
field for the rest of the match depending upon the seriousness of offence.

12. Tie break: When no team can score in the normal duration of the match then tie breaker is applied. First
extra time is given, in case tie remains unbroken, five penalty kicks are given to each team. The whole
process used to decide the match is known as tie-break.

13. Golden goal: In extra time any team that scores goal first is declared winner by scoring a golden goal.

14. Sudden death: When no goal is scored after the tiebreaker, alternate penalty kicks are given to each
team till the tie is broken. This is termed as sudden death.

15. Banana Shot: Banana shot is an off centre shot that makes the ball curve it paths or suddenly its
direction before dropping to the ground.

16. Chip Shot: A shot in which the ball kicked from underneath with accuracy but less than maximum
force to launch it high into the air in order to pass it over the heads of opponents or to score a goal.

17. Added time: At the end of each half of 45 min if the referee extends the duration of the match beyond
the time limit it is called added time. It may be due to injuries substitution or undue delay.

18. AIFF: All India Football Federation.

19. Extra time: Extra time is an additional time of two halves of 15 minutes given when team is unable to
score in the usual duration of the match to allow the team to achieve a conclusive result.

20. Expulsion: An expulsion means when a player made a serious foul intentionally. The referee asks that
player to leave the game. Referee also shows Red Card to that player.

21. Warning: Warning means if a player made a foul the referee gives a chance not to repeat it in the future
by giving a yellow card.

22. Injury Time: The time which is lost in injury of any player is known as injury time. It is added at the
end of each half of 45 minutes.

23. Optional Mark: Optional mark is a mark on the goal line and touch line which is 10 yards away from
the corner point towards the goal post.
24. Centre Circle: A circle with a radius of 10 yards in the centre of the field is called centre circle. It is
used to take a kick-off.

25. Kick Off: A kick is taken from the centre circle or the centre point of the field to start the match after a
toss is called kick off.

26. Penalty Mark: Within each penalty area there is a penalty mark which is 12 yards away from the goal
line and is marked in front and centre of the midpoint of the goal line.

27. Ball in play: Ball is in play when it remains on the field of play including when it rebounds from a goal
post, cross bar or flag post and remains in the field of play. It is also in play when it rebounds from
referee or assistant referee when they are on the field.

28. Chest Trap: The first necessity of the game is to stop and keep the ball under control. Chest trap is
stopping the ball with the chest.

29. Cross Pass: To pass a low fast ball in the opposite direction.

30. Technical Area: Technical area extends on either side of the designated seated area and extends
forward up to distance of 1m (1 yard) from the touchline. The number of people permitted to occupy the
area is defined by the competition rules. The occupants of the area are identified before the beginning of
the match in accordance with the competition rules.

31. Sole Trapping: Stopping the ball with the sole of the foot that is coming from top on the foot.

32. Zone defence and man to man defence: Zone defence is a type of defence, used in football, which is
the alternative to man-to-man defence; instead of each player guarding a corresponding player on the
other team, each defensive player is given an area known as a "zone" to cover. Man to man defence it
the defence in which each player is assigned to defend and follow the movements of a single player on
offence. It is more aggressive then zone defence.

33. Slide tackle: It is a tackle in which a player attempts to take the ball away from opposing player by
deliberately leaving his feet and sliding across the ground with one feet extended forward to push the
ball away from the opponent player.

34. DROPPED BALL: A dropped-ball (or drop-ball) is a method of restarting play in a game football. It
is designed to offer no advantage to either side, generally being awarded when play has been stopped
due to reasons other than normal gameplay or misconduct. A drop ball can occur for restarting the
stoppage in the game by any interference or when play is stopped due to serious injury to a player or a
ball becoming defective. Referee will restart the match after a situation of dropped ball. Ball will be
dropped in between the two players of opposite team, when the ball touches the ground game will start.

35. Corner Kick: A corner kick is awarded when the whole of the ball, having been last touched by a
player of a defending team, passes over the goal line; either on the ground or in the air and a goal is not
scored. For a corner kick all opposite players must be at least 10 yards away from the ball. Infringement
of the rule on the part of the kicker results in an indirect kick against his team.

36. Penalty kick: Penalty kick is awarded against a team, which commits any offences in the penalty area
for which a direct free kick is awarded inside its own penalty area while the ball is in play. When the
penalty kick is taken all the players, except the goalkeeper, are located outside the penalty area, behind
and away from the penalty spot at least by ten yards. The defending goalkeeper must stand on his goal
 line without moving his feet, facing the kicker, between the goal post until the ball has been kicked
under the crossbar. If the ball enters the goal post under the crossbar it’s a goal, but if it is stopped by
the goalkeeper and rebounded into the field the play continues. If a goal is not scored and the ball goes
out of the boundaries after being touched by the goalkeeper, the attacking team gets a corner kick.

37. Goal kick: A goal kick is awarded when the whole of the ball having been last touched by an attacking
player passes over the goal line, either on the ground or in the air and a goal is not scored. When the
goal kick is being taken, the opponent must be outside the penalty area. The ball must be kicked either
by the goalkeeper or another player. It must be received by his teammate beyond the penalty box area to
put ball into play. The kicker may not touch the ball again until another player has done so. Any
infringement of this rule results in an indirect free kick against the defaulting team.

38. Throw In: A throw in is a method of restarting play. A throw-in is awarded to the opponent of the
player who last touched the ball when the whole of the ball crosses the touch line either on the ground or
in the air. While throw in the player should take care that he does not cut the touch line. He should
throw the ball with both the hands. At the moment of delivering the ball, the thrower must face the field
of the play with each foot either on the touch line on the ground or outside the touchline, uses both
hands and delivers the ball from behind his head. He may not touch the ball after he delivers the ball
until touched by another player. For infringement of this procedure, an indirect free kick is awarded to
the opponent.

39. Shoulder Charge: A shoulder charge is the only body contact allowed. It occurs when two players
press shoulders while attempting to gain possession of the ball. For a shoulder charge to be legal the
player must be within playing distance of the ball.

40. A through pass: A through pass occurs when a player sends ball into the open space behind the
defenders that a teammate can sprint pass the defending line to receive the ball.

Duties of Referees:

Main Referee:

1. Enforces law of the game.

2. Controls the game in cooperation with the assistant referees.
3. Ensures that the ball and players equipment meet specifications.
4. Act as timekeeper and keeps record of the match.
5. Starts, restarts or terminates the match for any infringement of the laws, outside interference or serious
injury to a player.
6. Takes disciplinary action against players guilty of caution able and sending off offences.
7. Takes action against team officials for misconduct.
8. Provides the appropriate authorities with a match report.
Assistant Referee:

1. When the whole of the ball is passed out of the field of play, he indicates which side is entitled to a
corner kick, goal kick or throw-in.
 2. He indicates when a player may be punished for being in an offside position.

3. He indicates when a substitution is required.

4. He indicates when misconduct or any other incident has occurred out of the view of the referee.

5. He indicates when offences have been committed whenever the assistant referee are closer to the action
then the referee.

6. He indicates whether the goalkeeper has moved forward before the ball has been kicked by an opponent
during the penalty kick.

Duties of the fourth official:

1. All paperwork for example player list, match report, substitution list etc. are maintained by him.

2. He has the authority to inform the referee of irresponsible behaviour from any occupants of the technical
team.

3. After the match the fourth official must submit a report to the appropriate authorities on any misconduct
or other incident which has occurred during the match.

4. If the centre referee of the main referee is unable to continue, the fourth official takes over as the match
referee.

5. He supervises the substitution procedure.

6. He keeps a record of the proceedings of the match.

7. He is in charge to indicate to the referee for the time awarded for the injury time.

8. He has in his charge extra football to be used during the match.

9. He supervises the replacement football when required.

10. He has the authority to check the equipment of the substitutes before they enter the field of play.

Q: When a player is not offside?

1. A player is not on offside when he receives a ball that bounces off a defender who had possession of ball.

2. If the ball that comes at him directly from a goal kick, corner kick or throw in.

3. If the ball was deflected from the goal post.

4. If he is in the line with a defender at the moment of the pass, he is not offside.

Q: Write a note on Player’s equipment.

A player must not use any equipment or bear anything that is dangerous to himself or any other player. The
basic compulsory equipment of a player comprises of the following items:
 1. A jersey. 4. Stockings.

2. Thermal under shorts should be of the same 5. Footwear.

colour of the shorts.
6. Goalkeeper gloves.
3. Shin guards.

Q: What is Technical Area and mention its specification?

A: A technical area is on which a manager, other coaching personnel and other substitutes are allowed to
occupy during a match.

Specifications:

The technical area includes the dugout, bench and a marked zone adjacent to the touch line. It is at a one-meter
distance from the touch line.

Q: What is the procedure of resuming the game from a corner kick?

A: When a corner kick is awarded to one of the team, any one from that team takes a corner. He places the ball
in the corner arc and kicks the ball to score a goal. This is the procedure of resuming the game from a corner
kick.

Q: What decision will the referee give in the following case?

1. When the goal is scored unintentionally by the centre referee?

The decision of the referee would be that the goal would be counted, but the referee would not be referee in
the match again.
2. At the kick-off the same player touches the ball second time.
The decision of the referee would be to give an indirect kick to the opposite team.
3. During a penalty kick the ball rebounds from the crossbar and the same player kicks in the ball to
score a goal.
The referee will declare that it is a goal.
4. A defence player intentionally handles ball in the penalty area.
The decision of the referee would be to award a penalty kick and to give a red card to the defence player
who had broken the rule.
5. A player intentionally pushes on an opponent.
As a referee I would award a direct free kick if the incident occurred during a match and will give yellow
card according to the seriousness of the foul.
6. A player indulges in misconduct even after receiving yellow card.
If I was the referee, I would send the player out of the match OR out of the field by giving him or her a red
card.
Q: Mention fouls of a goalkeeper that result in an indirect free kick being awarded.

A: Three fouls of a goalkeeper are:

1. If he touches the ball with his hands after it has been deliberately kicked by a team member.
 2. If he touches the ball again after it has been released from his possession and has not touched by any
other player.

3. Takes more than 6 seconds while controlling the ball with his hands before releasing it from the
possession.

4. Using excessive force on another player.

5. If he impedes the progress of play.

Q: What are the duties of a captain?

A: Duties of a captain are:

1. The team captain signs the score sheet.

2. He / She represents his/her team in toss.

3. To verify the position of his team, to check the ball and field etc. during the match.

4. Team captain thanks the referee and signs the score sheet at the end of the match.

Q: What are the duties of a coach?

A: Duties of the coach are:

1. The coach of a team had to plan and supervise his team’s activities.

2. He provides an environment free of unreasonable hazards.

3. He eliminates players for injury, indiscipline or incapacity.

4. He provides appropriate equipment.

5. He teaches properly and warns of inherent risks.

6. He provides appropriate emergency assistance.

7. He designs an emergency response plan.

8. He selects, trains and supervises the assistant coaches.

Q: What is the width of all the lines drawn on the football field?

A: The width of the lines drawn on a football field is 5cm

Q: What is the procedure of resuming a game from a goal kick?

A: In goal kick a ball is placed in the goal area and any player from the team resumes the game with a kick.

Q: What is a corner arc and why it is important?

A: Corner arc is a quarter circle with a radius of 1m from each of corner flag post. Corner Arc is important
because this is where ball is kept while taking a corner kick.
Q: How many player substitutions are allowed to a team during a match? What is the procedure adopted
in the above situation?

A: A maximum of 3 substitutions may be used in any match played in an official competition.

The procedure in the substitution is:

1. The referee is informed before any proposed substitution is made.

2. A substitute enters the field of play after the player being replaced has FET (Field effector transition)
and after receiving a signal from the referee.

3. A substitute enters only at the halfway line when the play is stopped.

4. A substitution is complete when a substitute enters the field of play.

Q: Write the maximum and minimum players to begin a match.

A: A match is played by two teams each consisting of not more than 11 players, 1 of whom is the goalkeeper.
A match may not start if either team consists of fewer than 7 players.

Q: What is the shape and material of the ball?

A: The ball used is spherical in shape and made of leather or any other suitable material.

Q: What is the duration of the game? When can it be extended?

A: Duration of the football game is two halves of 45 minutes. It can be extended to get a result of the match
when there is equal score after the two halves of 45 minutes.

Q: What are the duties of referee before the match?

A: Duties of a referee before the match are:

1. Ensures that the player’s equipment meets the requirements.

2. Ensures that no unauthorised person enters the field of play.

3. To check the field condition.

4. To check the marking of the ground.

5. To check the ball condition.

6. To check the player’s list.

7. To do toss with both the captains.

Q: Explain the term Ball is out of the play.

A: The ball is out of the play:

1. When the ball has wholly crossed the goal line or touch line, whether on the ground or in the air.
 2. When the play has been stopped by the referee.

Q: What is the final pass?

A: Before scoring the goal, if one player passes the ball to another player and he succeed in scoring the goal.

Q: What procedure may be adopted if the ball is damaged or becomes defective during the course of the
play?

A: When the ball is damaged in the match the referee stops the game and changes that ball and restarts from the
place where the ball was damaged with a procedure of drop ball.

Q: Mention 3 circumstances when time wasted during the course of play and is added at the end of each
playing session.

A: 3 circumstances are:

1. During the time of 2. During a foul 3. During an injury

substitutions
Q: What colour warning card is shown during the course of playing in a football match? What does the
colour indicate?

A: The colour of the warning card is yellow. It indicates that the player has been officially cautioned.

Q: Where are the following during a penalty kick?

1. Ball: The ball is kept on the penalty mark.

2. Defending Goalkeeper: He is in his goal area, in front of the goal line, in between the goal posts
and under the cross bar.

3. The players: In the field away from the penalty arc and outside the penalty box.

4. The referee: Corner of the goal area.

5. Attacking goalkeeper: On the goal line near the assistant referee.

Q: State 5 ways of restarting play:

A: Following are the ways of restarting play:

1. Throw in 3. Corner kick 5. Goal kick

2. Drop ball 4. Kick off

Q: Write a note on Free kicks.

There are two types of free kicks. Direct free kick and Indirect free kick. The opposite players must be at least
10 yards from the ball when a free kick is being taken. A goal may be scored from a direct free kick with no
other player touching the ball. In an indirect free kick, another player must touch the ball before a goal can be
scored.

A direct free kick is awarded to the opponent of a team when that team:

1. Kicks or attempts to kick an opponent.

2. Trips or attempts to trip an opponent.

3. Jumps at an opponent.

4. Charges an opponent violently or dangerously or from behind.

5. Strikes or attempts to strike an attempt with hand, arm or elbow.

6. Pushes an opponent.

7. Hold an opponent’s body or clothing.

8. Tackles an opponent to gain possession of the ball, making contact with opponent before touching the
ball.

9. Handles the ball deliberately except the goalkeeper within his penalty area.

10. Spits at a player.

An indirect free kick is a method of restarting play in a game of football. A goal may not be scored directly
from indirect free kick. If the ball goes into the goal without touching any other player, a goal kick is awarded.

An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposite team when a player:

An indirect kick is awarded to the opposing team if a goalkeeper, inside his own penalty area, commits any of
the following offences:
1. Touches the ball again with his/her hands after he/she has released it from possession and before it has
touched another player
2. Touches the ball with his/her hands after it has been deliberately kicked to him/her by a teammate
3. Touches the ball with his/her hands after he/she has received it directly from a throw-in by a teammate.

An indirect kick is also awarded to the opposing team if, in the opinion of the referee, a player:
1. Plays in a dangerous manner
2. Impedes the progress of an opponent
3. Prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his/her hands
4. Commits any other offence, not previously mentioned with the direct kick rule, for which play is
stopped to caution or send off a player
5. Is offside.
6. Obstruct an opponent by deliberately blocking his path, instead of playing the ball.
7. Kicks too high, thus putting the opponent in danger.
 8. Bends too low putting himself in danger.
9. Conducts himself in an un-sportsman like manner.
10. Charges an opponent more than one step away.
11. Charges into the goalkeeper in the goal area preventing the goalkeeper from playing the ball or retaining
opposition the ball.
12. Passes the ball during goal kick within the penalty area.

An indirect kick is taken from the place where the offence occurred. The ball must be stationary when the kick
is taken and the kicker must not touch the ball again until it has touched another player.
The referee indicates an indirect kick by raising his/her arm in the air. He/she maintains his/her arm in that
position until the kick has been taken and the ball has touched another player or goes out of play.
A goal can be scored from an indirect kick only if the ball touches another player before it enters the goal. If an
indirect kick is kicked directly into the opponents’ goal, a goal kick is awarded. If, for some weird reason, an
indirect kick is kicked directly into your team’s own goal, a corner kick is awarded to the opposing team.

Sent Off / Red Card:

A player is sent off and shown red card if he commits any of the following offences:

1. If the player is guilty of serious foul.

2. If a player is guilty of violent conduct.

3. If a player spits at an opponent or any another player.

4. If a player denies an opponent an obvious goal scoring opportunity by deliberating handling the ball.

5. Uses offensive, insulting or abusive language.

6. Receives a second yellow card in the same match.

Q) List any four occasion when a referee blows a whistle in the game.
Ans. The following are the occasion when a referee blows a whistle in the game:
1. At the start of the game. 6. During corner kick.
2. During half time. 7. During throw in.
3. At the start of second half. 8. During goal kick.
4. At the end of the game. 9. When the goal is scored.
5. During foul.
ABONDED MATCH
The referee may abandon a match:
1. If there is an insufficient number of players to meet the requirements of the Law or the competition.
2. If a team does not appear or leaves before completion of the game.
3. If the field or any of its equipment do not meet the requirements of the Laws or are otherwise unsafe,
i.e., for technical (Law 1) or physical (Law 4) safety.
An abandoned match is replayed unless the competition rules provide otherwise, the referee may terminate
a match for reasons of non-physical safety (bad weather or darkness), for any serious infringement of the
Laws, or because of interference by spectators. Only the competition authority, not the referee, has the
authority to declare a winner, a forfeit, or a replay of the match in its entirety. The referee must report fully
on the events. “Suspended” means that a match was stopped temporarily for any of various reasons. After
that the match is resumed, abandoned, or terminated and the competition rules take over.