e No 12

Testtg & Statie Qve CuTrent Re

Ke ay
lay
This trainer kit consists of 3 parts-Current source, Relay and
Timer.
a) Current Source
This part consists of 0-20A AC current source with Digital AC Ammeter.
Variable current output terminals are provided on the front panel. The 230Vots,
single phase AC supply is applied to the primary of the autotransformer through
the Mains ON switch. The secondary ofthis autotransformer is connectedto
the primary of a step down transformer. The 3.5Volts /20Amps secondary of
this step down transformer is connected to the series circuit consisting of a 20
Amps Digital panel ammeter and a front panel mounted Selector switch.

b) Relay:
This part consists of PROK DEVICES make 1 phase Numerical/
Microprocessor based over current relay. Relay inputs and Trip outputs are
terminated on the front panel. Current Transformer of 4 A/ 1A are connected
to the Relay input.

c)Timer:
A 4 digit Timer with a resolution of 0.001 sec is connected to one set of normally
contact is
open contact of the Relay under test. Another set of normally open
connected torthe Trip indicator. After setting the required test current with the
Selector switch in the Set position, this switch is put to the Start position. This
causes the set current to flow through the CT input of the Relay under test and
indicated by the Relay ON indicator. At
simultaneously the Timer is started as
the end of the preset time, the Relay under test closes it's NO contacts
connected to the Timer and the Trip indicator. The Timer stops and the Trip

indicator glows.

FRONT PANEL DETAILS:

1) AMPS 20A Digital Ammeter.

2) SECONDS 4 Digital time interval meter with reset switch.

OUTPUT CURRENT -0-20A : Auto transformer 1ph./ 0.75A to Vary

3)
the current from 0-200A

to be connected to CT input.
Terminals
 4) TEST
Selector switch to set and stat the
a) SET test
: To set the test
b) OFF current.
c)Start
:OFF position.
Selector switch to start the testing.
5) AUX. SUPPLY
:Mains ON/ OFF switch
to the unit with indicator.
6) RELAY : PROK DEVICES make
Numerical Over current relay
model MPOCSPL.

7) INPUT :Terminals to connect current

input through- 4A/1A CT.
8) O/P :Relay Trip out put terminals
9) RELAY-ON :
Indicates Relay is ON.

10) TRIP - ON : Indicates Relay trips.

11)TRIP - INPUT : Terminals to connect trip Out put from relay.

Back panel details: 3 pin Mains socket with builtin fuse holder.

PROCEDURE:

01. Set the output current source setting control to minimum position.

02. Switch ON the aux. Power supply of the Kit, Remove Relay front cover.

03. Put the selector switch to OFF position. In this position the Relay
parameters can be set.

time (TM), trip characteristics (MODE) and set over

04. Set the required trip
current ( PM ) values on the relay. Refer relay manual for setting the

parameters.

05. Connect Output current terminals to CT input terminals. And CT output

terminals are internally connected to Relay input terminals. Connect Trip
input terminals to TRIP output terminals of the Relay.
06 Set the load current above the set over load current by varying the
autotransformer. Ammeter current is 4 times the relay input current,
because of 4A / 1ACT. Relay shows the current 4 of Ammeter current.
And this current is the fault current .

07. Put the Selector switch to OFF position.

08. Put the Selector switch to START position. The Relay ON indicator glows.
Timer starts counting. DEF/ IDMT LED on the relay starts blinking
depending on which mode we have selected. DEF LED blinks if DEF is
selected. IDMT LED blinks if NI, NI-1.3, NI 3 or L Time is selected.

09. Relay will trip after the set time, since the current is more than the set over
current and trip indicator glows and current source also trips. DEF / IDMT
LED on the relay stops blinking. Timer stops. Note down current and
time.

above for different TMS and note down the time and current.
10. Repeat the
11. Repeat the same for different PMS different set current_ls

12. Repeat the same for different trip time characteristics

PSO30: Study ofImprovement of Power Factor
2
Study of Power Factor Improvement

Objective
To improve the power factor of an inductive load by connecting capacitor in parallel with
t.

Introductory Information
ldeally the power lactor of load should be unity. However, in practice, inductive loads are
Very common. Such loads have very low power factor. This is not desirable as it increases
the maximum demand
(VA drawn by the load) on the
power supply source. If the maximum
demand exceeds the
permissible limit,
the consumer will be
pena!lized by the power distribution
company. So, it is necessary to improve the power factor. To do this, a capacitor is connected in
parallel with the inductive load. To understand how to
in parallel with the inductive improve factor by connecting a capacitor
load, we use the circuit shown in Figure 1. When the
capacitor is
300 V
0-5 A 0-5 A

Mm
240 V
50 Hz V)0-300 v Inductive
Lcad

Figure 1: Circuit for study of

improvement ci power factor.
not connected, from the meter
readings, we get
P VIcos 6 cos
P

From this we can find the reactive

VI
coV (1)
power supplied by the source

Q1=VIsin 6
when capacitor is not (2)
all reactive
connected. If the desirable
power supplied by the source power factor is cos G2 > cos
e1, then, the over
by corresponding to the new power factor cos is 62 given
Q = Vi sin(cos- 0 )
where Q <Q1.
in
Therefore, the reactive power to be (3)
paraliel with the load, and its supplied by ilie capacitor to be
reactance are given by connected
V2
Xr Xc Q 2
(4)
Llit Elecironics. Bangalore 560 091, Phone:
080-65992511
Rev. 0
 of Power Factor
PSO30: Study of Improvement

Load 1:
Case V VoltsIAmps | Power Factor
Without C
With C
Load 2:
Case V Volts|I Amps Power Factor
Without C
With C=
Load3:
Case V VoltsTAmps Power actor
Without C
With C
Load 4:
Case V Volts |IAmpsPower Factor |
Without C
With C=
Load 5:

Case V Volts| I Amps Power Factor

Without C
With C =

Table 1:Readings obtained on the trainer.

Therefore, the value of capacitor to be connected is given by

F
2T fXc (5)
where f is the frequency of the
supply. Figure 2 shows the front
panel of the trainer which is
used in the experiment.

Equipment and Parts Required

Power Factor
Improvement Trainer Module - 1 No.

Conneciing wires.
Procedure
i. Realize the circuit shown in
Figure i by connecting one inductive load
on the front panel of the trainer using patch cords

2. Switch on
power and record all meter
without
readings 1n Tadle 1. Calculate the power factor
capacitor and enter it in the same table.

LIFE Electronics, Bangalore 560 091, Phone: 080-65992511

Rev.0
 4
of Power Factor
PS030 Study of Immprovement

which is grealer than the value found in the previous

factor value
3 Assume a new pOwer connected in parallel
new desirable power factor calculate the capacitor to be
step. For this
using Eqs. (3) to (5).

with the inductive load con-

4. Connect the capacitor of value calculated above in parallel
factor by taking the meter readings. Desired
nected in Step I and determine the new power
combinations of capacitors pro-
capacitor value may have to be rcalized by series-parallel
vided in the trainer module.

5. Repeat the above mentioned steps for dilferent inductive loads.

QuestionsS
1. Why is low power factor is not recommended?
2. How to calculate the value of capacitance to be connected in parallel with an inductive
load to improve the power factor to the desired value?

Evaluation
NOTE TO THE TEACHING FACULTY: Please rate the over-all performance of the student in this
experiment on a scale of 10 given below by marking v. 1= poorest performance; 10 = perfect

pertormance.

I 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10

Dale Signature of Staff

LIFE Electrpnics, Bangalore 560 091, Phone: 080-65992511

Rev. 0
PS030: Study of Improvement of Power Factor

POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT TRAINER

d-XV 0-A

TTTTT 0-A

C V

Figure 2: Front pane! of power factor improvement trainer.

LIE Electronics, Bangalore 560 091, Phone: 080-65992511 Rev. 0