Chap 15a PPT

REPORTED SPEECH
OR
INDIRECT SPEECH
(PART-II)
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
I th
In the REPORTED / INDIRECT
SPEECH Connective / Linker
((that,, if / whether,, ‘wh’ word,, ‘to’))
is used to combine the two
parts.
2
i) that is used as the connective
to report Statements / Assertive
sentences and Exclamatory
sentences.
sentences
(Th use off that

(The th t is
i optional)
ti l)

3
Examples:
Kumar said,
said “I am very busy now
now.”
”
Kumar said that he was very busy then.
She says, “I have done my work.”

She says that she has done her work.
My father said to me, “You must work

h d”
hard.”
My father told me that I had to work hard.

4
Examples:
He said to her, “I can play football.”

He told her that he could play football.
He said, “Man is mortal.”

He said that man is mortal
Suresh
S h said,
id “Wh
“Whatt a fi
fine shot!”
h t!”
Suresh said that it was a very fine shot.

5
Exercises:
Shi
Shivu said,
id “Sh
“Sharan, it iis my b
book.”
k”
Shivu told Sharan _____ it was his
b k
book.
Mary said,
M id “How
“H b
beautiful
tif l th
thatt rose
is!”
M
Mary exclaimed
l i d _____ it was a
beautiful rose.
6
Key:
Shivu said, “Sharan, it is my book.”
Shivu told Sharan that it was his
book.
Mary said, “How beautiful that rose

is!”
Mary exclaimed that it was a
beautiful rose.
7
ii) To report WH question the
same wh word in the Direct
Speech is used as the
connective.
( WH words – who, whom, whose, what,

(‘WH’
when, where, why, which, how)

8
Examples:
She said to Ravi, “Where do you live?”
She asked Ravi where he lived.
Madhu said, “When did you come,

Smitha?
Smitha?”
Madhu asked Smitha when she had come.
He said, “What is this?”

He asked what that was.
9
Examples:
The doctor said to the boy, “What are you
suffering from?”
The doctor asked the boy what he was
suffering from.
“Why are you crying, my son?” the mother

said.
The mother asked her son why he was
crying.
10
Exercises:
The teacher said
said, “How
How are you,
you
Deepak?”
The teacher asked Deepak ______ he
was.
Girish said, “Where is my shirt,

mother?
mother?”
Girish asked his mother ______ his
shirt was.
was
11
Key:
The teacher said, “How are you, Deepak?”

The teacher asked Deepak how he
was.
Girish said, “Where is my shirt, mother?”

Girish asked his mother where his
shirt was.

12
iii) To report Yes / No questions
if / whether is used as the
connective.
(
(Keep
p in mind the spelling
p g of
whether and weather )
(Yes / No questions begin with auxiliaries

– be, have, do, and modal verbs)
13
Examples:
Asha said,
said “Anusha,
“Anusha isn’t it very cold
today?”
Asha asked Anusha if / whether it was not
very cold that day.
Prakash said to Puneeth, “Is your brother

staying in Davanagere?”
P k h asked
Prakash k dP
Puneeth
th if / whether
h th his
hi
brother was staying in Davanagere.

14
Examples:
Meena said to Chaya, “Can you speak

English?
English?”
Meena asked Chaya if / whether she could
speak English.
I said to him, “Do you teach me science?”

I asked
k d hi
him if / whether
h th heh would
ld tteach
h
me science.

15
Exercises:
Neeta said, “Are you hungry, Sunita?”

Neeta asked Sunita _______ she was
hungry.
“Have you bought a new bag, Umesh?”

Raman said.
R
Raman asked
k dUUmesh h _______ h
he h
had
d
bought a new bag.

16
Key:
Neeta said, “Are you hungry, Sunita?”

Neeta asked Sunita if / whether she was
hungry.
“Have you bought a new bag, Umesh?”

Raman said.
R
Raman asked
k dUUmesh h if / whether
h th heh h
had
d
bought a new bag.

17
iv) To report Imperative
sentences (orders, requests,
advices, and instructions) to
infinitive (to + verb) is used as
the connective.

18
Examples:
The teacher said, “Bring notes tomorrow.”

The teacher told the students to bring
notes the next day.
“Prepare for the exams,” my father said to

me.
M ffather
My th ttold
ld me to
t prepare for
f ththe
exams.

19
Examples:
“Chinnu don’t write on the wall,”
“Chinnu, wall ” mother
said.
Mother told Chinnu not to write on the
wall.
He said to me, “Go away.”

He commanded me to go away.
“Please, help me to lift it,” she told him.

She requested him to help her to lift it.
20
Exercises:
The mother said to the boy, “Don’t

shout.”
h t”
The mother told the boy _______.
“Rahul, take your notes,” said

Sh
Sharath.”
th ”
Sharath told Rahul _______ his notes.
21
Key:
Th mother
The th saidid to
t th
the b
boy, “D
“Don’t
’t
shout.”
Th mother
The th ttold
ld th
the b
boy nott to
t
shout.
“Rahul, take your notes,” said

Sh
Sharath.”
th ”
Sharath told Rahul to take his notes.
22
The Verb (Tense form)
Depending on the Reporting
Verb, the Verb form is changed.

23
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
i) Simple Present Simple Past
ii) Present Past Continuous
C ti
Continuous
iii) Present Perfect Past perfect
iv) Present Perfect Past perfect
Continuous Continuous
v) Simple Past Past Perfect
vi) Past Continuous Past Perfect
Continuous
24
Examples:
He said, “I’m a student.”

He said that he was a student.
student
He said,, “I’m p
preparing
p g for KAS.”
He said that he was preparing for KAS.
He said,
H id “I’
“I’ve done
d my h
homework.”
k”
He said that he had done his homework.
25
Examples:
He said,
said “I’ve
I ve been working very hard.
hard ”
He said that he had been working very
hard.
He said, “I bought a mobile.”

He said that he had bought a mobile.
He said,
said “I was waiting in the bus stand.”
stand ”
He said that he had been waiting in the
bus stand.
26
Modal Verbs
will ----- would can ---- could
shall --- should may y ---- might
g
must --- had to
Usually shall or will of the Future

Tense becomes would in REPORTED
SPEECH.

27
Examples:
He said, “I’ll go with my friend.”

He said that he would go with his friend.
He said, “I can do this work.”

He said that he could do that work.
He said,
H id “All mustt complete
l t th
the work.”
k”
He said that all had to complete the work.

28
Examples:
He said, “Where shall we go now, Raghu?”

He asked Raghu where they would go
then.
He said to the teacher, “May I get in, Sir?”

He requested the teacher if / whether he
might
i ht gett in.
i

29
If the Verb in a sentence in the
Direct Speech refers to a Universal
Truth,, its Tense remains unchanged
g
in the Reported / Indirect Speech.
The teacher said, “The sun rises in

the east.
east.”
The teacher said that the sun rises
in the east.
30
Personal p
pronouns are
changed (from 1st, 2nd & 3rd
person to 1st or 3rd person)
depending
p g on the context.

31
Examples:
Vani said, “I am studying in 1st PUC.”

V i said
Vani id that
th t she
h was studying
t d i iin
1st PUC.
Ramesh said, “I am not feeling well.”

R
Rameshh said
id that
th t he
h was nott ffeeling
li
well.
32
Examples:
“Sushma your dress attractive
“Sushma, attractive,”
” Sheela said
said.
Sheela told Sushma that her dress was
attractive.
He said, “Are you ready, boys?”

He asked the boys if / whether they were
ready.
He said, “I am a poor man.”

He said that he was a p
poor man.
33
Time and place references
The words expressing nearness in

the DIRECT SPEECH are changed to
the words expressing distance in the
REPORTED / INDIRECT SPEECH.
34
here there
this that
these those
now then
thus so
hence thence
today that day
tonight that night
ago before / earlier /
previously
35
yesterday
y y the day
y before / the previous
p
day
tomorrow the next day /the following day /
th d
the day after
ft
last night the night before / the previous

night
last week the week before / the previous
week k
next week the following week / the week
after
36
Examples:
He said, “I went to the theatre last night.”

He said that he had been to the theatre
the night before / the previous night.
He said, “I have to attend a function

tomorrow.”
He said that he had to attend a function
f nction
the next day / the day after / the following
day.
37
Examples:
He said, “Boys, don’t play here in the
garden.”
H warned
He d th
the b
boys nott play
l th
there i the
in th
garden.
He said, “I reached the station an hour

ago.”
g
He said that he had reached the station
an hour before.
38
We have to remember some
important
p p
points regarding
g g the use
of the Reported / Indirect Speech:
1) The Reported or Indirect Speech

i nott always
is l mechanically
h i ll
derived from the Direct Speech.
39
2)The use of the Reported / Indirect
S
Speechh is
i quite
it common in i
journalistic writing and in narrating
stories.
t i
3) Factual
F t l pieces
i off iinformation
f ti and
d
descriptions of events are very well
expressedd in
i the
th R
Reported t d / IIndirect
di t
Speech.
40
4) Emotional
E ti l expressions
i off anger,
fear, confusion, sorrow, joy, etc;
repetition
titi off words;
d short
h t exchanges
h
of talks between speakers;
i
incomplete
l t lines
li cannott b
be effective
ff ti
in the Reported / Indirect Speech.
Th
They are all
ll best
b t expressed d only
l iin
the Direct Speech.
41
Wish you all the best.
best
Thank you.
y

42

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REPORTED SPEECH

(Th use off that

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

She says, “I have done my work.”

My father said to me, “You must work

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

He said to her, “I can play football.”

He said, “Man is mortal.”

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Mary said, “How beautiful that rose

( WH words – who, whom, whose, what,

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Madhu said, “When did you come,

He said, “What is this?”

“Why are you crying, my son?” the mother

Girish said, “Where is my shirt,

The teacher said, “How are you, Deepak?”

Girish said, “Where is my shirt, mother?”

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

(Yes / No questions begin with auxiliaries

Prakash said to Puneeth, “Is your brother

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Meena said to Chaya, “Can you speak

I said to him, “Do you teach me science?”

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Neeta said, “Are you hungry, Sunita?”

“Have you bought a new bag, Umesh?”

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Neeta said, “Are you hungry, Sunita?”

“Have you bought a new bag, Umesh?”

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

The teacher said, “Bring notes tomorrow.”

“Prepare for the exams,” my father said to

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

He said to me, “Go away.”

“Please, help me to lift it,” she told him.

The mother said to the boy, “Don’t

“Rahul, take your notes,” said

“Rahul, take your notes,” said

Depending on the Reporting

Verb, the Verb form is changed.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

He said, “I’m a student.”

He said, “I bought a mobile.”

Usually shall or will of the Future

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

He said, “I’ll go with my friend.”

He said, “I can do this work.”

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

He said, “Where shall we go now, Raghu?”

He said to the teacher, “May I get in, Sir?”

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

The teacher said, “The sun rises in

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

Vani said, “I am studying in 1st PUC.”

Ramesh said, “I am not feeling well.”