Enrique Martinez-Laforgue 11JLC Chemestry HL F

Titration- determining the molarity of an unknown Sodium Hydroxide solution

Materials:
- Electronic Mass balance
- Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (Mr = 204.23)
- 250ml Beaker
- Spatula
- Stirring Rod
- Water
- Bottle of extra water for rinsing off materials
- Funnel
- 250ml Volumetric flask
- Conical flask
- Sodium Hydroxide solution
- Universal indicator
- 25ml volumetric pipette and filler
- Burette
- Clamp Stand

Method:
1) Accurately weigh 5.22 grams of KHPh (Mr =204.23) in order to make a 0.1 dm 3
solution.
2) Transfer the 5.22 grams to a beaker, and add water until the 100ml mark
3) Stir the solution, until you see the Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate has completely
dissolved, and carefully transfer the solution into a 250ml Volumetric flask using a
funnel.
4) Rinse the equipment you just used and make sure there is no Solution left behind,
like this increasing the water in the volumetric flask.
5) Next Fill the Volumetric flask until the meniscus of the solution is right on the mark
for 250ml.
6) Lastly Invert the flash (with a lid on) several times to ensure the complete mixing of
the solution.

7) With the pipette and filler measure out 25ml of you KHPh solution and place it in a
conical flask
8) Add 5 drops of your phenolphthalein indicator solution
9) Set up your burette on the clamp stand, and fill the 50ml burette to the 0.00 mark
with your unknown sodium hydroxide solution
10) Place the conical flask with your KHPh and indicator solution, and slowly start adding
sodium hydroxide into the conical flask. Swirl constantly to make sure its mixing well.
11) Add sodium hydroxide until you start seeing that there is a permanent hint of pink,
making the whole solution a very subtle and light pink.
Enrique Martinez-Laforgue 11JLC Chemestry HL F

12) If your solution gets to a very intense dark pink you will have to repeat the titration.
You can repeat the titration as many times as you need until you are able to obtain
completely concordant results within  0.1ml difference of each other

Raw data:
Titre Initial Burette Final Burette Volume observations
Reading /ml Reading /ml added /ml 0.1
0.05 0.05
1 0.00 11.6 11.6 Dark/intense
vibrant pink
2 2.00 14.3 12.3 Light pink, a bit
vibrant/almost
pale pink
3 0.00 12.2 12.2 Very subtle and
light pink/pale
pink

Analysis:

As we can see from the data, titres 2& are concordant, and can be used in order to make an
average from them. (12.3 + 12.2)/2 = 12.25. As the inaccuracy is of 0.2 we round this to the
nearest figure with 3 significant points which in this case would be 12.3
Average= 12.3 0.2
The amount of moles of KHPh used can me calculated by doing the mass used /Mr =
5.22/203.23 = 0.0257. In order to find the molarity of the KHPh and water solution that was
used in this experiment it is as easy as calculate the moles / by dm 3 which in this case would
be 0.25 as we used 250 ml (1dm3 = 1000ml) 0.00257/0.25 = 0.103 mol dm -3

In order to find out how many moles of KHPh there is in the 25ml that were extracted from
the solution, you can calculate it by dividing the mol dm-3 by 0.025 (25ml = 0.025dm3)
0.103/0.025 = 2.57 x 10-3
As all reactions between chemicals there is a equation to describe it. In this case it would be:

NaOH + KHPh KNaPh + H2O

As This equation is equal, therefore the moles of both NaOH and KHPh are also equal, giving
us that the moles of out sodium hydroxide = 2.57 x 10-3. The average volume od NaOH used
for titration was 12.3 ml

Molarity = Moles/volume (dm3)

Molarity = 2.57 x 10-3/0.123

Therefore The molarity of our NaOH is 0.209

The concentration of NaOH in the original stock bottle = 2.09 mol dm -3

Enrique Martinez-Laforgue 11JLC Chemestry HL F

Random instrumental Inaccuracies:

Mass of KHPh = 5.22 0.01

% of inaccuracy = (0.01/5.22) x 100 = 0.19%

250ml solution (Volumetric Flask) = 250ml 0.15

% of inaccuracy = (0.15/250) x 100 = 0.06%

25ml aliquot Pipette = 25ml 0.05

% if inaccuracy = (0.05/25) x 100 = 0.20%

Titration addition (burette) = 12.3 0.1

% of inaccuracy = (0.1/12.3) x 100 = 0.81%
________________________________________________________

Total inaccuracy = 1.26%

Conclusion:
In conclusion this experiment has helped us find out the molarity of our mysterious NaOH
solution and has let us see that there is a molarity of 2.09 mol dm -3 in our NaOH solution.
Although as the Random instrumental Inaccuracies right above shows us, this experiment,
as all isn’t 100% perfect. In total there was 1.26% random instrumental inaccuracies.
Meaning that there is a inaccuracy of 1.26% of the molarity we got as an answer. 1.26% of
2.09 = 0.026 Hence the molarity of the NaOH could vary 2.09 0.026. At the end, a
difference of 1.26% is not that big of a difference and doesn’t affect much the viridity of the
experiment. And as we are not talking of 10% which is already a really high inaccuracy its
okay.

Evaluation:

As this experiment has an insufficiency of literature value, there are no procedural

systematical inaccuracies to be evaluated, however there are some parts which could be
seen as systematical errors that were found during the process of the experiment. Like for
example the temperature in the room. Each liquid has a special specific temperature where
the density of the liquid is of 1g/1cm3 for example water’s perfect density for a 1g/1cm3
would be 4Cº. This also affects the glass, like this making it almost unpredictable to know
the exact KHPh or NaOH we had as we don’t know if their density was perfect. So basically
the Actual % of inaccuracy is unpredictable for this experiment as both the liquids and the
glass could have a higher volume/density due to the temperature because maybe it was too
high or low.
In the inaccuracy section, it is clear that the bast majority of the inaccuracy was
produced by the burette, this can be reduced, mostly by being very careful with how you
measure out everything, and how to let the liquid in it flow. Also by making sure u are
aligned with the meniscus so you can know almost exactly the volume used.