Column two-way slab

Pu = 1.2PD + 1.6PL Area of flange (Af)= , Area of web (Aw)= ,

Total (A)
-
Mu= 1.2MD + 1.6ML e =Mu /Pu y = 8.20 in. Ib= [Be/12xh3 + Af x 4.72]
be=(46)

long direction- Is= bh3/12(b=20,h=7) , αf1=EIb/EI

r = 0.3h Klu/r ≤ 34 -12 M1/M shrt direction- Is=Is=bh 3/12(b=24,h=7),
αf2=EIb/EI
αf m = αf1+ αf2 /2 , β= 1.22 ln = 22.33 ft
EI= 0.2Ec Ig + Es Is/1+ 𝛽dns h =ln x 12(0.8 + fy x 0.005)/36 + 9𝛽
𝛽dns = 0.48

Ig= bh3/12 , Is= πd4/64+Ad2

Pc =π2EI/(Klu)2

Cm= 0.6 +0.4M1/M2

𝛿ns = Cm /1 - (Pu/0.75Pc)

Pn = Pu / , Mn = Mu /𝜙

Mc= Mu + 𝛿ns(6.4) d=12

e′ = e + d-h/2

Pn= 1/e′ [ 47.6a + 226.4 - 4fs ]

Footing Torion
.Eff. Soil pressure section1.
Acp = x0y0 =0.75
depth of footing of 2 ft. Acp = , Pcp= 2(x0 + y0)
wt= 300 psf. Wt of soil = 100 pcf is 2 × 100 = 200 psf. . 𝜙Tcr = 𝜙4𝜆√fc′ (A2cp /P2cp )
E.S.P= 4500 psf Ta=𝜙Tcr/4
Actual loads = D + L section2 .
Acp = web area(b𝑤h) + area of eff flanges Area of footing (A)= actual load/4.5 Pcp =
2(b + h)
Side of footing=A/10 𝜙Tcr = 𝜙4𝜆√fc′ (A2cp /P2cp )
Pu = 1.2D + 1.6L 𝜙Tn =𝜙Tcr/4
qu = Pu/100 section3
.B=15 Acp = , Pcp= 2(b + h)
no. 8 bars for calculating d: 𝜙Tcr = , 𝜙Tn =
d = 24 - 3(cover) - 1.5(bar diameters)
It is quite practical to assume d = h - 4.5 in.
b0 = 4(c + d) = 4(18 + 19.5)
c+d staircase

Vu2= Pu - qu(c + d)2 Assume the thickness of the slab (waist) is 8.0 in
Required Weight of one step (w)= trapezoidal area × 150pc
d1 =Vu2/4𝜙(√fc′b0) Average weight per foot length = w(12/run)
= 19.5 in. (𝛽 = 1 Weight of 8in. landing = (8/12)150
d2= 10.8 in. (not critical) cover is 7.5 lb/ft and wt of landing = 2 lb/ft. DL1 on
stairs= 170 lb/ft. DL2 on landing is = 102 lb/ft.
(𝛼s = 40 for interior columns.) Wu (on stairs) = 1.2x DL1 + 1.6x live load

Check depth Wu(on landing) = 1.2x DL2 + 1.6x live load

Distance from edge of footing = (L/2 – c/2 - d) = 2.625 ft Calculate the maximum bending moment and steelreinforcement

a .Mu = 𝜙As fy(d - a/2); assume a = 0.8 in a. The moment at midspan is

Vu1= 161.2 K Mu= 11.71K ft ⋅ d = 7.0in.

The depth required for one-way shear is b. Mu = 𝜙As fy(d - a/2); assume a = 0.8 in

d =Vu1/(0.75)(2)1√fc′120 As = 0.4in.2

Calculate the bending moment and steel reinforcement Check:

The distance from edge of footing is a =Asfy/0.85fc′b c = 0.92in. dt= 7i

(/L2 – c/2) = 4.25 ft Minimum As = 0.0033 × 12 × 8 = 0.32in.2 < 0.4in.2 no 4 bar

Mu=1/2qu(L2 - 2c)2b(10) Net tensile strain

Ru =Mu/bd2 𝜀t =dt- c/c , 𝜀t > 0.005 𝜙 = 0.9

𝜌 = 0.0028. As =0.2 in.∕ft2 no.4 bars

As =6.55 in.2 Minimum slab thickness for deflection

Minimum As (shrinkage steel) = L(17.2)x12/25 , L(17.2)x12/28

0.0018(10 × 12)(24)= 5.18 in.2 < 6.55 in.2 .Design of landings

Minimum As (flexure) = 7.72 in.2 Maximum bending moment = 3.7 k.ft

Therefore, As = 7.72 in.2 can be adopted. Use 13 no. 7 bars (As = 7.82 in.2), d =6.3in

spaced at Assume a = 0.4 in.

s = (120 - 6)/12 = 9.5 in. in both directions. As = 0.32 in2. no.4 bars spaced 7 in.

Check bearing stress:

a.Bearing strength, N1, at the base of the column (A1 = 18 × 18 in.) is
N1 = 𝜙(0.85fc′A1)

b. Bearing strength, N2, of footing is

N2= 6.67 > 2.
c. Development length of dowels in compression:
ldc =0.02fy/√fc′
which is adequate.
The development length of main bars in footing for no. 7 bars is

ld = 48db = 42 in. (refer

to Chapter 7), provided ld = L/2 - c/2 - 3 in. = 48 in. Details of the footing are shown in
Fig
Prestressing

1 .Loss due to elastic shortening:

Steel stress at transfer =Fi/Aps
Stress in concrete at end section = Fi/Ac
Weight of beam = Ac/144× 150
MD= 0.79(loss)2 /8
Stress in concrete at midspan =Fi/Ac+Fie2/I-MDe/I
Average stress = 1.46 + 2.09
Average strain = 1.78/Ec
𝛥fs = 5.15 ksi.
Percent loss = 𝛥fs/148
2. Loss due to shrinkage of concrete:
𝛥fs (shrinkage) = 0.0002Es
Percent loss = 5.8/148
3. Loss due to creep of concrete: Assume Cc = 1.5.
Elastic strain =Fi/AcEc
𝛥fs (creep) = Cc(𝜀crEs)
Percent loss = 𝛥fs /148
4. Loss due to relaxation of steel: For low-relaxation strands, the
loss is 2.5%.
𝛥fs = 0.025 × 148
5. Slip in anchorage: 𝛥L =0.15 in, L= 1440 in.Es=29000
𝛥fs = 𝛥L/L× Es =
To allow for anchorage slip, set the tensioned force to 148 + 3 =
151 ksi on the pressure gauge
to leave a net stress of 148 ksi in the tendons.
6. Loss due to friction: The equation of parabolic profile is
ex =4eL2 (Lx - x2)
where e
is the slope of the tendon at any point. At the support, x = 0 and the slope
d(ex)dx=4eL
The slope at midspan is 0; therefore, 𝛼px = 0.056. Using flexible metallic sheath, 𝜇p = 0.5 and
K = 0.001. At midspan, x = 60 ft. Check if (𝜇p𝛼px + Klx) ≤ 0.30:
𝜇p𝛼px + Klx =
Ppx = Ppj(1 + Klpx + 𝜇p𝛼px)
= Px(1 + 0.088) = 1.088Px
= 1.088 × 148 = 161 K
𝛥fs = 161 - 148 = 13 ksi
Percent loss = 𝛥fs /148

7.Total losses:

Table; 19.11

Friction losses 13.0 ksi 8.8%

Total losses 40.4 ksi 27.3%
Effective prestress = 148 - 35.2
Effective prestressing force(F) = (1 - 0.238)Fi = 0.762FiF = 0.762 × Fi/
For F = 𝜂 Fi, 𝜂 = 0.762.