Public Safety Services

Are body of principles officially accepted and taught about as the best way of
conducting public safety functions namely, law enforcement, crime prevention
and control, maintenance of peace and order, fire safety protection, jail
management and penology and social defense in general.
Public Safety
Which covers the end-result of law enforcement, crime prevention and control,
maintenance of peace and order, fire safety protection and jail management and
Penology
Police
The agency of a community or government that is responsible for enforcing
the law, maintaining public order, and preventing and detecting crimes.

As a pillar of criminal justice system, what the different police activities

1. Prevention of crime
2. Repression or Suppression of crime
3. Apprehension of offenders
4. Conduct of search and seizure
5. Investigation of crime
6. Protection of lives and property

POLICE VS POLICEMAN
 Police refers to the agency
 Policeman refers to the person employed in that agency.

Sec.2 Par 2 of R.A. 6975

 The police shall be organized trained and equipped primarily for the
performance of police functions.
 National in Scope and Civilian and Character

Distinction between Military from Police

 A soldier is duty bound upon the order of his superior and think of
accomplishing the mission; while the policeman considers the community
and populace.
 The military is operated by team or unit, while the police doctrines is
executed even with only one policeman as patrolman, investigator or
prosecution witness.
 Military is a mission- oriented while the police is service-oriented
Fundamental Theory of Police Service

1. Continental Theory
Police officers are considered servant of the higher authorities and the people have
little or no share at all their duties nor or any direct connection with them
2. The Home Rule Theory
Police officer are considered as servant of the community who depend for the
effectiveness of their function upon the express of the people.
Concepts of Police Service

Old Concept
Under the old concept, the
public look at policemen as
more effective if they conduct
numerous arrests and place
behind bars what they have
arrested.
Modern Concept
Under the modern concept,
the public look at policemen
as more effective in the
absence of crime.
Police functions are not
limited to arresting offenders
or to other matters dealing
with offenders.
Police functions at present
include public service.

between decentralized government and centralized

government?

 In DECENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT, the decision making is

delegated to the local government
 In CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT, the decision making is exercised
by the central government.

PNP Doctrine
Is an authoritative statement of principles prescribing proper acquisition, used and
employment of PNP human and material resource to achieve plan and objectives.
This is largely based on knowledge gained through time honored police
experiences, studies, analysis and tests.
Categories Doctrines

1. Primary Categories
A. Fundamental Doctrines
are the basic principles in planning, organization and management of the PNP in
support of the overall pursuits of the PNP vision, mission, strategic action and for
the attainment of the national objectives.
Under the old concept, the
public look at policemen as
more effective if they conduct
numerous arrests and place
behind bars what they have
arrested.

Under the modern concept,

the public look at policemen
as more effective in the
absence of crime.
Police functions are not
limited to arresting offenders
or to other matters dealing
with offenders.
Police functions at present
include public service.

B. Operational Doctrines
the principle rules governing the principle and rules governing the planning,
organization, direction and employment PNP forces in the accomplishment of basic
security operational mission in the maintenance of peace and order, crime
prevention and suppression, internal security and public safety operation.
C. Functional Doctrines
are the principle guidance for the specialized activities of the police in the fields of
personnel, intelligence, training, logistics, planning, comptrollership, civil military
operations, material development and other administrative and technical
services.

2. Secondary Doctrines
Complimentary Doctrines
doctrines formulated jointly by two or more and peace and order.
This essentially involves the participation of the PNP, BJMP, BFP, PPSC, NBI and
other enforcement agencies Objectives.
Bases of Police Doctrine
Police doctrines are principally based on the vision and mission of the police
organization.

Sample Doctrines
 doctrine of command responsibility
 doctrine of maximum tolerance- temper while on duty or pagpapasensya
 doctrine of public accountability
 doctrine of transparency
 doctrine of poisonous tree

Early Police Systems (Period of Policing)

The Anglo-Saxon Period

1. FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM
Policing was carried out under a system called frankpledge or mutual pledge,
whereby every male over 12 years old join nine (9) of his neighbors to form
Tythingmen. Anyone who failed to join and perform this obligatory duty was
severely fined.
3.TUN POLICING SYSTEM
This system all male residents are required to guard the town and to preserve the
peace and order, to protect life and property, from harm or disturbance.
4. The Royal Judge
a person who conducts criminal investigation and gave punishment.
Punishment usually fits the crime committed.
5. HUE AND CRY
A system of apprehending a criminal whereby a complainant goes to the middle
of the street and shout to call all males to assemble.
6. Trial by Ordeal
A system of determining guilt and innocence in the ancient times which was
based on painful test skills.

The Norman Period of Policing (1066-1285)

1.Shire-Reeve System
England at the time of William Norman, divided England into 55 military district
known the Shire-Reeve.
2. The traveling Judge- One responsible in passing judgment which was taken
from the Shire-Reeve in view of some abuses the Reeves.
3. The Legis Henri- the law of King Henrie
a. offenses were classified as against the king and individual.
b. policemen were considered public officials
c. police and the citizens have the broad power to arrest
d. Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law.

4. The Westminster Period of Policing (1285-1500)

1. The Statue of 1295- this laws prescribed the closing of the gates of London
at sundown. Start of curfew system.
2. Justice of peace- this was a position which gives a person the power to
arrest, pursue, and impose imprisonment.
3. The Star Chamber Court- a special court which try offenses against the
state.

Nine principles of law enforcement enunciated by Sir Robert Peel

Prevention of crime is the basic mission of the police
Police must have the full respect of the citizenry
A citizen’s respect for law develops his respect for the police
Cooperation for the public decrease as the use of force increases
Police must render impartial enforcement of the law
Physical force is used only as a last resort
The police are the public and the public are the police
The police represents the law
The absence of crime and disorder is the test of police efficiency

During the Normal Period (1066-1285), the following are significant

contributions to the development of policing system:

SHIRE-REEVE System- When King William Norman became the ruler of England,
he divided his kingdom into 55 military districts known as the Shire-Reeves.
SHIRE means a district while
REEVE means the ruler who made laws, pass judgment and impose punishment.

*The TRAVELLING JUDGE was held responsible in deciding cases that were taken
from Shire-Reeves due to some abuses.
*LEGIS HENRIE- This law was enacted during the time of King Henry I, which
imposed the following features:

 Law violations were classified as offenses against the King.

 Policemen became public officials.

 The police and the citizens have the broad power to arrest.
 Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law.

KEEPERS OF THE PEACE

In 1195, King Richard of England issued a proclamation entitled KEEPERS OF THE
PEACE, requiring the appointment of Knights to keep the King’s peace by standing
as guards on bridges and gates while checking the people entering and leaving the
cities and towns.

During the WESTMINSTER PERIOD (1285-1500):

STATUTE OF WINCHESTER (1285) was enacted for law and order. This law
introduced the system of WATCH AND WARD.
STATUTE OF 1295 was enacted, which began the closing of the gates of London
during sunset. This started the observation of curfew hours.

JUSTICE OF THE PEACE was a position given to a respected citizen, who has the
power to arrest, pursue and imprison the offenders.

STAR CHAMBER COURT-was established as special court that tried offenders

against the state.

Developments in policing system during the Modern Period (17th- 19th century)
in England:

KING CHARLES II of England passed a law in 1663 that provided for the
employment of NIGHT WATCHMEN or BELLMEN to be on duty from sunset to
sunrise.

In 1748, HENRY FIELDING became the Chief Magistrate at Bow Street in London.

He organized a group of men known as BOW STREET RUNNERS.

He later formed the BOW STREET HORSE PATROL whose duty was to patrol the
main roads thus secure the travelers from highwaymen or highway bandits.

SIR ROBERT PEEL- The British statesman SIR ROBERT PEEL in 1829 established the
LONDON METROPOLITAN POLICE, which became the world’s first modern
organized police force. Peel earned the title – THE FATHER OF MODERN POLICING
SYSTEM

“New Police” they were referred to as

“Peel’s Bloody Gang,”
“Blue Devils,” and
“Dirty Papists.”