Branch:-BE Computer

Subject:-Digital signal Processing

UNIT-I

1. Which of the following is done to convert a continuous time signal into discrete time
signal?
a) Modulating
b) Sampling
c) Differentiating
d) Integrating
2. The quality of output signal from A/D converter is measured in terms of
___________
a) Quantization error
b) Quantization to signal noise ratio
c) Signal to quantization noise ratio
d) Conversion constant
3. What is output signal when a signal x(t)=cos(2*pi*40*t) is sampled with a sampling
frequency of 20Hz?
a) cos(pi*n)
b) cos(2*pi*n)
c) cos(4*pi*n)
d) cos(8*pi*n)
4. For a continuous time signal x(t) to be periodic with a period T, then x(t+mT)
should be equal to ___________
a) x(-t)
b) x(mT)
c) x(mt)
d) x(t)
5. The discrete time function defined as u(n)=n for n≥0;u(n)=0 for n<0 is an
_____________
a) Unit sample signal
b) Unit step signal
c) Unit ramp signal
d) None of the mentioned
6. 10. The function given by the equation x(n)=1, for n=0; x(n)=0, for n≠0 is _______
a) Step function
b) Ramp function
c) Triangular function
d) Impulse function
𝑛=∞
7. The signal given by the equation ∑𝑛=−∞ |𝑥(𝑛)|2 is known as __________
 a) Energy signal
b) Power signal
c) Work done signal
d) None of the mentioned
8. All energy signals will have an average power of ___________
a) Infinite
b) Zero
c) Positive
d) Cannot be calculated
9. x(t) or x(n) is defined to be an energy signal, if and only if the total energy content
of the signal is a ___________
a) Finite quantity
b) Infinite
c) Zero
d) None of the mentioned
10. Which of the following conditions made digital signal processing more
advantageous over analog signal processing?
a) Flexibility
b) Accuracy
c) Storage
d) All of the mentioned
11. Which property does y(t)=x(1-t) exhibit?
a) Time scaling
b) Time shifting
c) Reflecting
d) Time shifting and reflecting
12. 4. If x(n)=(0,1,2,3,3,0,0,0) then x(2n) is?
a) (0,2,4,6,6,0,0,0)
b) (0,1,2,3,3,0,0,0)
c) (0,2,3,0,0,0,0,0)
d) None of the mentioned
13. If x(n)=(0,0,1,2,3,4,0,0) then x(n-2) is?
a) (0,0,2,4,6,8,0,0)
b) (0,0,1,2,3,4,0,0)
c) (1,2,3,4,0,0,0,0)
d) (0,0,0,0,1,2,3,4)
14. If a signal x(t) is processed through a system to obtain the signal (x(t) 2), then the
system is said to be ____________
a) Linear
b) Non-linear
c) Exponential
d) None of the mentioned
15. The system described by the input-output equation y(n)=nx(n)+bx3(n) is a
__________
a) Static system
b) Dynamic system
c) Identical system
d) None of the mentioned

UNIT-II

𝑘=∞
16. 2. The formula y(n)= ∑𝑘=−∞ x(k)h(n − k) that gives the response y(n) of the LTI
system as the function of the input signal x(n) and the unit sample response h(n) is
known as ______________
a) Convolution sum
b) Convolution product
c) Convolution Difference
d) None of the mentioned
17. An LTI system is said to be causal if and only if?
a) Impulse response is non-zero for positive values of n
b) Impulse response is zero for positive values of n
c) Impulse response is non-zero for negative values of n
d) Impulse response is zero for negative values of n
18. What are the important block(s) required to process an input analog signal to get
an output analog signal?
a) A/D converter
b) Digital signal processor
c) D/A converter
d) All of the mentioned
19. If x(n) is a finite duration sequence of length L, then the discrete Fourier transform
X(k) of x(n) is given as ____________
𝑁−1
a) ∑𝑛=0 (x(n))𝑒 −j2πkn/N (L<N)(k=0,1,2…N-1)
𝑁−1
b) ∑𝑛=0 (x(n))𝑒 j2πkn/N (L<N)(k=0,1,2…N-1)
𝑁−1
c) ∑𝑛=0 (x(n))𝑒 j2πkn/N (L>N)(k=0,1,2…N-1)
𝑁−1
d) ∑𝑛=0 (x(n))𝑒 −j2πkn/N (L>N)(k=0,1,2…N-1)
20. If X(k) discrete Fourier transform of x(n), then the inverse discrete Fourier
transform of X(k) is?
𝑁−1 j2πkn
1
a) ∑ (X(k))𝑒 − N
𝑁 𝑘=0
 𝑁−1
b) ∑𝑘=0 (X(k))𝑒 −j2πkn/N
𝑁−1
c) ∑𝑘=0 (X(k))𝑒 j2πkn/N
1 𝑁−1
d) ∑𝑘=0 (X(k))𝑒 j2πkn/N
𝑁

21. Which of the following is true regarding the number of computations requires to
compute an N-point DFT?
a) N2 complex multiplications and N(N-1) complex additions
b) N2 complex additions and N(N-1) complex multiplications
c) N2 complex multiplications and N(N+1) complex additions
d) N2 complex additions and N(N+1) complex multiplications
22. What is the circular convolution of the sequences X 1(n)={2,1,2,1} and
X2(n)={1,2,3,4}
a) {14,14,16,16}
b) {16,16,14,14}
c) {2,3,6,4}
d) {14,16,14,16}
23. If x(n) and X(k) are an N-point DFT pair, then x(n+N)=x(n).
a) True
b) False

UNIT-III

24. How many complex multiplications are required to compute X(k)?

a) N(N+1)
b) N(N-1)/2
c) N2/2
d) N(N+1)/2
25. FFT algorithm is designed to perform complex operations.
a) True
b) False
26. How many complex multiplications are need to be performed for each FFT
algorithm?
a) (N/2)logN
b) Nlog2N
c) (N/2)log2N
d) None of the mentioned
27. FFT may be used to calculate

1) DFT
2) IDFT
3) Direct Z transform
 4) In direct Z transform

a. 1, 2 and 3 are correct

b. 1 and 2 are correct
c. 1 and 3 are correct
d. All the four are correct

28. Radix - 2 FFT algorithm performs the computation of DFT in

N/2 log2 N multiplications and 2 log2 N additions

N log2 N additions N/2 log2 N multiplications

log2 N multiplications and N/2 log2 N additions

N log2 N multiplications and N/2 log2 N additions

UNIT-IV

29. To convert a continuous sensed data into Digital form, which of the following is
required?
a) Sampling
b) Quantization
c) Both Sampling and Quantization
d) Neither Sampling nor Quantization
30. To convert a continuous image f(x, y) to digital form, we have to sample the
function in __________
a) X-Coordinates
b) Amplitude`
c) Y-Cordinate
d) X-Coordinates, Y-Coordinate, Amplitude
31. For a continuous image f(x, y), how could be Sampling defined?
a) Digitizing the coordinate values
b) Digitizing the amplitude values
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
32. For a continuous image f(x, y), Quantization is defined as
a) Digitizing the coordinate values
b) Digitizing the amplitude values
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
33. The quality of a digital image is well determined by ___________
a) The number of samples
b) The discrete gray levels
 c) The number of samples and discrete gray levels
d) None of the mentioned
34. What is the first and foremost step in Image Processing?
a) Image restoration
b) Image enhancement
c) Image acquisition
d) Segmentation
35. In which step of processing, the images are subdivided successively into smaller
regions?
a) Image enhancement
b) Image acquisition
c) Segmentation
d) Wavelets
36. What is the next step in image processing after compression?
a) Wavelets
b) Segmentation
c) Representation and description
d) Morphological processing
37. What is the step that is performed before color image processing in image
processing?
a) Wavelets and multi resolution processing
b) Image enhancement
c) Image restoration
d) Image acquisition
38. What is the expanded form of JPEG?
a) Joint Photographic Expansion Group
b) Joint Photographic Experts Group
c) Joint Photographs Expansion Group
d) Joint Photographic Expanded Group
39. What role does the segmentation play in image processing?
a) Deals with extracting attributes that result in some quantitative information of
interest
b) Deals with techniques for reducing the storage required saving an image, or the
bandwidth required transmitting it
c) Deals with partitioning an image into its constituent parts or objects
d) Deals with property in which images are subdivided successively into smaller
regions
40. Assume that an image f(x, y) is sampled so that the result has M rows and N
columns. If the values of the coordinates at the origin are (x, y) = (0, 0), then the
notation (0, 1) is used to signify :
a) Second sample along first row
b) First sample along second row
 c) First sample along first row
d) Second sample along second row

UNIT-V

1. Using gray-level transformation, the basic function linearity deals with which of the
following transformation?
a) log and inverse-log transformations
b) negative and identity transformations
c) nth and nth root transformations
d) All of the mentioned
2. Using gray-level transformation, the basic function Logarithmic deals with which of
the following transformation?
a) Log and inverse-log transformations
b) Negative and identity transformations
c) nth and nth root transformations
d) All of the mentioned
3. Using gray-level transformation, the basic function power-law deals with which of the
following transformation?
a) log and inverse-log transformations
b) negative and identity transformations
c) nth and nth root transformations
d) all of the mentioned
4. If r be the gray-level of image before processing and s after processing then which
expression defines the negative transformation, for the gray-level in the range [0, L-
1]?
a) s = L – 1 – r
b) s = crᵞ, c and ᵞ are positive constants
c) s = c log (1 + r), c is a constant and r ≥ 0
d) none of the mentioned
5. If r be the gray-level of image before processing and s after processing then which
expression helps to obtain the negative of an image for the gray-level in the range [0,
L-1]?
a) s = L – 1 – r
b) s = crᵞ, c and ᵞ are positive constants
c) s = c log (1 + r), c is a constant and r ≥ 0
d) none of the mentioned
6. If r be the gray-level of image before processing and s after processing then which
expression defines the power-law transformation, for the gray-level in the range [0,
L-1]?
a) s = L – 1 – r
b) s = crᵞ, c and ᵞ are positive constants
 c) s = c log (1 + r), c is a constant and r ≥ 0
d) none of the mentioned

7. Which of the following transformations is particularly well suited for enhancing an

image with white and gray detail embedded in dark regions of the image, especially
when there is more black area in the image.
a) Log transformations
b) Power-law transformations
c) Negative transformations
d) None of the mentioned

8. Which of the following transformations expands the value of dark pixels while the
higher-level values are being compressed?
a) Log transformations
b) Inverse-log transformations
c) Negative transformations
d) None of the mentioned

9. What is gamma correction?

a) A process to remove power-law transformation response phenomena
b) A process to remove log transformation response phenomena
c) A process to correct log transformation response phenomena
d) A process to correct power-law transformation response phenomena

10. Which of the following transformation is used cathode ray tube (CRT) devices?
a) Log transformations
b) Power-law transformations
c) Negative transformations
d) None of the mentioned

11. Power-Law transformation is generally used in which of the following device(s)?

a) Cathode ray tube
b) Scanners
c) Printer
d) All of above

12. What is the sum of all components of a normalized histogram?

a) 1
b) -1
c) 0
d) None of the mentioned
13. What is the full form of CDF?
a) Cumulative density function
b) Contour derived function
c) Cumulative distribution function
d) None of the mentioned
14. If the histogram of same images, with different contrast, are different, then what is
the relation between the histogram equalized images?
a) They look visually very different from one another
b) They look visually very similar to one another
c) They look visually different from one another just like the input images
d) None of the mentioned
15. What is the full form for PDF, a fundamental descriptor of random variables i.e. gray
values in an image?
a) Pixel distribution function
b) Portable document format
c) Pel deriving function
d) Probability density function
16. The technique of Enhancement that has a specified Histogram processed image as
result, is called?
a) Histogram Linearization
b) Histogram Equalization
c) Histogram Matching
d) None of the mentioned
17. In Histogram Matching r and z are gray level of input and output image and p stands
for PDF, then, what does pz(z) stands for?
a) Specific probability density function
b) Specified pixel distribution function
c) Specific pixel density function
d) Specified probability density function
18. Inverse transformation plays an important role in which of the following Histogram
processing Techniques?
a) Histogram Linearization
b) Histogram Equalization
c) Histogram Matching
d) None of the mentioned
19. Which of the following histogram processing techniques is global?
a) Histogram Linearization
b) Histogram Specification
 c) Histogram Matching
d) All of the mentioned

20. What happens to the output image when global Histogram equalization method is
applied on smooth and noisy area of an image?
a) The contrast increases little bit with considerable enhancement of noise
b) The result would have a fine noise texture
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

21. In terms of enhancement, what does mean and variance refers to?
a) Average contrast and average gray level respectively
b) Average gray level and average contrast respectively
c) Average gray level in both
d) Average contrast in both

22. What is standard deviation value for constant area?

a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) 2

23. A pixel p at coordinates (x, y) has neighbors whose coordinates are given by:
(x+1, y), (x-1, y), (x, y+1), (x, y-1)
This set of pixels is called ____________
a) 4-neighbors of p
b) Diagonal neighbors
c) 8-neighbors
d) None of the mentioned

24. A pixel p at coordinates (x, y) has neighbors whose coordinates are given by:
(x+1, y+1), (x+1, y-1), (x-1, y+1), (x-1, y-1)
This set of pixels is called ____________
a) 4-neighbors of p
b) Diagonal neighbors
c) 8-neighbors
d) None of the mentioned

25. What is the set of pixels of 8-neighbors of pixel p at coordinates (x, y)?
a) (x+1, y), (x-1, y), (x, y+1), (x, y-1), (x+2, y), (x-2, y), (x, y+2), (x, y-2)
b) (x+1, y), (x-1, y), (x, y+1), (x, y-1), (x+1, y+1), (x+1, y-1), (x-1, y+1), (x-1, y-1)
 c) (x+1, y+1), (x+1, y-1), (x-1, y+1), (x-1, y-1), (x+2, y+2), (x+2, y-2), (x-2, y+2), (x-2, y-2)
d) (x+2, y), (x-2, y), (x, y+2), (x, y-2), (x+2, y+2), (x+2, y-2), (x-2, y+2), (x-2, y-2)

26. Let S, a subset of pixels in an image, is said to be a connected set if:

a) If for any pixel p in S, the set of pixels that are connected to it in Sis only one
b) If it only has one connected component
c) If S is a region
d) All of the mentioned

27. The domain that refers to image plane itself and the domain that refers to Fourier
transform of an image is/are :
a) Spatial domain in both
b) Frequency domain in both
c) Spatial domain and Frequency domain respectively
d) Frequency domain and Spatial domain respectively

28. What is the technique for a gray-level transformation function called, if the
transformation would be to produce an image of higher contrast than the original by
darkening the levels below some gray-level m and brightening the levels above m in
the original image.
a) Contouring
b) Contrast stretching
c) Mask processing
d) Point processing

29. For Image Enhancement a general-approach is to use a function of values of f (input

image) in a predefined neighborhood of (x, y) to determine the value of g (output
image) at (x, y). The techniques that uses such approaches are called ________
a) Contouring
b) Contrast stretching
c) Mask processing
d) None of the mentioned

30. What is accepting or rejecting certain frequency components called as?

a) Filtering
b) Eliminating
c) Slicing
d) Monitoring

31. a) Band pass filter

b) High pass filter
 c) Low pass filter
d) No Filter

32. What is the process of moving a filter mask over the image and computing the sum
of products at each location called as?
a) Convolution
b) Correlation
c) Linear spatial filtering
d) Non linear spatial filtering

33. The standard deviation controls ___________ of the bell (2-D Gaussian function of
bell shape).
a) Size
b) Curve
c) Tightness
d) None of the Mentioned

34. In general, which of the following assures of no ringing in the output?

a) Gaussian Lowpass Filter
b) Ideal Lowpass Filter
c) Butterworth Lowpass Filter
d) All of the mentioned

35. The function of filters in Image sharpening in frequency domain is to perform reverse
operation of which of the following Lowpass filter?
a) Gaussian Lowpass filter
b) Butterworth Lowpass filter
c) Ideal Lowpass filter
d) None of the Mentioned

36. What is the output of a smoothing, linear spatial filter?

a) Median of pixels
b) Maximum of pixels
c) Minimum of pixels
d) Average of pixel

37. Which of the following in an image can be removed by using smoothing filter?
a) Smooth transitions of gray levels
b) Smooth transitions of brightness levels
c) Sharp transitions of gray levels
d) Sharp transitions of brightness levels
38. Which of the following comes under the application of image blurring?
a) Object detection
b) Gross representation
c) Object motion
d) Image segmentation
39. Which of the following filters response is based on ranking of pixels?
a) Nonlinear smoothing filters
b) Linear smoothing filters
c) Sharpening filters
d) Geometric mean filter
40. Median filter belongs to which category of filters?
a) Linear spatial filter
b) Frequency domain filter
c) Order static filter
d) Sharpening filter
41. Median filters are effective in the presence of impulse noise.
a) True
b) False
42. What is the maximum area of the cluster that can be eliminated by using an n×n
median filter?
a) n2
b) n2/2
c) 2*n2
d) n
43. The mask shown in the figure below belongs to which type of filter?

a) Sharpening spatial filter

b) Median filter
c) Sharpening frequency filter
d) Smoothing spatial filter
44. Smoothing spatial filter performs the average of the pixels, it is also called as
averaging filter .
a) True
b) False
45. Logic operations between two or more images are performed on pixel-by-pixel
basis, except for one that is performed on a single image. Which one is that?
a) AND
b) OR
c) NOT
d) None of the mentioned

46. Which of the following arithmetic operator is primarily used as a masking operator in
enhancement?
a) Addition
b) Subtraction
c) Multiplication
d) Division

47. A filter is applied to an image whose response is independent of the direction of

discontinuities in the image. The filter is/are ________
a) Isotropic filters
b) Box filters
c) Median filter
d) All of the mentioned

48. The objective of sharpening spatial filters is/are to ___________

a) Highlight fine detail in an image
b) Enhance detail that has been blurred because of some error
c) Enhance detail that has been blurred because of some natural effect of some
method of image acquisition
d) All of the mentioned

49. Sharpening is analogous to which of the following operations?

a) To spatial integration
b) To spatial differentiation
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

50. Smoothing filter is used for which of the following work(s)?

a) Blurring
b) Noise reduction
c) Blurring and Noise reduction
d) Acquisition
51. The principal factor to determine the spatial resolution of an image is _______
a) Quantization
b) Sampling
c) Contrast
d) Dynamic range
52. What is a band-limited function?
a) A function of limited duration whose highest frequency is finite
b) A function of limited duration whose highest frequency is infinite
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
53. How is negative of an image obtained with intensity levels [0,L-1] with “r” and “s”
being pixel values?
a) s = L – 1 + r
b) s = L – 1 – r
c) s = L + 1 + r
d) s = L + 1 + r
54. The general form of log transformations is ____________________
a) s = c.log(1 + r)
b) s = c+log(1 + r)
c) s = c.log(1 – r)
d) s = c-log(1 – r)
55. Power-law transformations has the basic form of ________________ where c and ∆
are constants.
a) s = c + r∆
b) s = c – r∆
c) s = c * r∆
d) s = c / r.∆
56. For what value of the output must the Power-law transformation account for offset?
a) No offset needed
b) All values
c) One
d) Zero
57. What is Gamma Correction?
a) A Power-law response phenomenon
b) Inverted Intensity curve
c) Light brightness variation
d) None of the Mentioned
 58. Which process expands the range of intensity levels in an image so that it spans the
full intensity range of the display?
a) Shading correction
b) Contrast sketching
c) Gamma correction
d) None of the Mentioned
59. Highlighting a specific range of intensities of an image is called _______________
a) Intensity Matching
b) Intensity Highlighting
c) Intensity Slicing
d) Contrast sketching
60. Highlighting the contribution made to total image by specific bits instead of
highlighting intensity-level changes is called ____________________
a) Intensity Highlighting
b) Byte-Slicing
c) Bit-plane slicing
d) Image Negative

UNIT-VI

1. Image segmentation is also based on

a) Morphology

b) Set Theory

c) Extraction

d) Recognition

2. Image whose principle features are edges is called

a) orthogonal

b) .isolated

c) .edge map

d) .edge normal

3. Vertical lines are angles at

a) 0

b) 30

c) 45

d) 90
4. Laplacian images need

a) contraction

b) expansion

c) scaling

d) enhancement

5. Example of discontinuity approach in image segmentation is

a) edge based segmentation

b) boundary based segmentation

c) region based segmentation

d) Both a and b

6. For line detection we use mask that is

a) Gaussian

b) Laplacian

c) ideal

d) Butterworth

7. Gradient Computation equation is

a) |Gx| + |Gy|

b) |Gx| - |Gy|

c) |Gx| * |Gy|

d) |Gx| / |Gy|

8. Segmentation is usually not perfect due to number of factors such as

a) Noise, Bad illumination
b) Object Contain several region
c) Due to boundary-filling
d) Due to closed contour
9. Which technique applies Edge segmentation
a) Heuristics operator
b) Canny operator
c) a and b
d) None of the above
10. Criteria for region segmentation
a) Pixels may be assigned to the same region
b) Pixels may be assigned to the different region
c) Pixels may be assigned to the any region
d) None of the above

11.Pixels are allocated to categories according to the range of values in which a pixel lies is called
a) Thresholding based segmentation
b) Edge- based segmentation
c) Region based segmentation
d) None of the above