SAT-M4

Satellite Communication 17EC755
Class 34
Module 4
18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 1


Satellite telephony networks employ point-

to-point duplex satellite links enabling
simultaneous communication in both the
directions
Single GEO satellites or a constellation of

LEO, MEO and GEO satellites are used for
providing telephony services.
Telephone satellite links generally employ

circuit-switched systems offering a constant
bit rate services
Some of the major satellite systems

offering voice services are Intelsat,
Eutelsat, Inmarsat, Globalstar, Iridium,
ICO, Ellipso and Odyssey systems.

1.The user lifts the receiver when he or she wants to make a call. This
sends a request to the local Earth station, which in turn sends a service
request to the master station.
Local ES
2. If the master station is able to provide the satellite capacity, it sends a
confirmation signal to the local Earth station, resulting in a dial tone in
the telephone instrument. Master ES
3. The user then dials the destination number, which is transferred to the Control
control station, which determines the destination Earth station and station
signals it that a connection needs to be established.
4. The destination Earth station then signals the called party of the
incoming call by ringing that telephone instrument.
Dest ES
5. The satellite capacity is allocated to the connection and the

telephone link is established once the called party lifts the handset.
6. Once the conversation is over, the calling party hangs up the

receiver, hence indicating to the local Earth station to terminate the
call.

Point-to-Point Trunk Telephone Networks
Trunk telephony services come under the domain of fixed satellite

services (FSS), mainly utilizing C and Ku bands.
Generally, GEO satellites are utilized for providing these services.
Intelast, Europestar, Eutelsat, PamAmSat are examples of some of

the satellites used for the purpose.

t
e
m
Mobile Satellite Telephony
s
, One of the important services provided by mobile satellite services (MSS) is the interactive voice
b communication to mobile users.
i
g MSS satellites launched in the periods 1980–1990 and 1990–1998 were GEO satellites, categorized as
L Generation-I and Generation-II satellites respectively,
E
O
s Third generation mobile satellites, comprising constellations of LEO, MEO, HEO and GEO satellites,
y provide voice and multimedia services to mobile and hand-held terminals.
s
t The third generation mobile satellite services have entered the realm of personal communications and
e are also referred to as global mobile personal communication services (GMPCS)
m
s GMPCS is a personal communication system providing transnational, regional or global two-way
, voice, fax, messaging, data and broadband multimedia services from a constellation of satellites
M accessible with small and easily transportable terminals
E
O
s
y 18-11-2020 7
Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/
s
There are several different types of GMPCS systems:
GEO systems
small LEO systems
big LEO systems
MEO systems
HEO systems and
broadband GMPCS systems.

Satellite Television
Satellite television employs GEO satellites acting as
point-to-multipoint repeaters receiving a certain telecast
from the transmission broadcasting center and
retransmitting the same after frequency translation to the
cable TV operators, home dishes, etc., lying within the
footprint of the satellite.
Satellites can provide TV programmes either directly to

the users (direct-to-home television)
or
indirectly with the help of cable networks or terrestrial
broadcasting networks, where the satellite feeds the
signal to a central operator who in turn transmits the
programmes to the users either using cable networks or
through terrestrial broadcasting

A typical satellite TV network, like any other satellite network,

can be divided into two sections:
the uplink section

the downlink section.
The uplink section comprises three main components:
the programming source,

the broadcasting center,
the main broadcasting satellite

The programming source comprises
TV channel networks,
cable TV programmers, etc.,
that provide various TV programming signals, like

TVchannels,
sports coverage,
news coverage
or local recorded TVprogrammes,
to the broadcasting centre either through terrestrial means,
like using the line-of-sight microwave communication

and
the fibre optic cable, or using satellites referred to as back-
haul satellites.

The satellite downlink comprises the main broadcasting satellite

and the TV receiving network.
Satellite–Cable Television
Direct-to-Home Satellite Television

Satellite–Cable Television
cable TV refers to the use of

coaxial and fibre optic cables to
connect each house through a
point-to-multipoint distribution
network to the head end
distribution station. Cable TV,
originally referred to as CATV
(community antenna television)

Direct-to-Home Satellite Television
Block schematic for the outdoor unit (ODU)

Block schematic for the indoor unit (IDU)


Satellite Radio
A satellite providing high fidelity audio broadcast services to the broadcast radio stations is referred to as a
satellite radio and is a major revolution in the field of radio systems.
Sound quality is excellent in this case due to a wide audio bandwidth of 5–15 kHz and low noise
provided over the satellite link.
Satellite radio like the satellite TV employ GEO satellites and the network arrangement for the satellite radio is
more or less identical to that used for TV broadcasting.
Using point-to-multipoint connectivity, the audio signals from various music channels, news and sports centres
are transmitted by the satellite to a conventional AM or FM radio station.
The signal is then de-multiplexed and the local commercials and other information is added here in the same way
as in a TV network and then sent to the users using terrestrial broadcasting topology.
The satellite can also transmit the signal directly to the user’s radio sets.
Some of the major providers of satellite radio services include Sirius and XM Radio of the USA.
http://www.radio.garden

Satellite Data Broadcasting
GEO sat

GEO sat

GEO sat

VSATs (Very Small Aperture Terminals)
are used for providing one-way or two-way data broadcasting services, point-to-point voice services and
one-way video broadcasting services.
VSAT networks are ideal for centralized networks with a central host and a number of geographically
dispersed terminals
Typical examples are small and medium businesses with a central office, banking institutions with
branches all over the country, reservation and airline ticketing systems,
VSATs suffer from a major problem of delay between transmission and reception of data (around 250
ms) due to the use of GEO satellites.

most VSAT systems operate in the Ku band

with the antenna diameter of the Earth
stations being as small as 1 to 2 m.
VSAT networks can transmit at a rate of
64–1024 kbps (64 kbps per remote terminal)

in the outbound direction and
64–256 kbps (1.2 to 16 kbps per remote
terminal) in the inbound direction.
VSAT networks generally support data, video

and voice services in the outbound direction
and
only data and voice services in the inbound
direction

VSAT Network Topologies
bidirectional star networks Mesh networks

Unidirectional star networks

National Satellite Systems
National satellite systems, also referred to as domestic satellite systems, provide services to a
particular country
INSAT (Indian National Satellite)
Owned by the Indian Department of Space, named the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO),
INSAT is one of the largest domestic communication satellite networks in the world, providing services
in the areas of
telecommunications,
television broadcasting,
mobile satellite services and
meteorology including disaster warning
INSAT is a joint venture of the
Department of Space (DOS),
Department of Telecommunications (DOT),
Indian Meteorological Department (IMD),
All India Radio (AIR) and
Doordarshan.


END

Class 35
Module 4

Satellite Communication
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Class 33
Module 4














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SAT-M4

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Satellite Communication 17EC755

18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 1

18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 2

Satellite telephony networks employ point-

Single GEO satellites or a constellation of

Telephone satellite links generally employ

Some of the major satellite systems

18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 3

5. The satellite capacity is allocated to the connection and the

6. Once the conversation is over, the calling party hangs up the

18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 5

Point-to-Point Trunk Telephone Networks

Trunk telephony services come under the domain of fixed satellite

Generally, GEO satellites are utilized for providing these services.

Intelast, Europestar, Eutelsat, PamAmSat are examples of some of

18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 6

There are several different types of GMPCS systems:

18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 8

Satellites can provide TV programmes either directly to

18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 9

A typical satellite TV network, like any other satellite network,

the uplink section

The uplink section comprises three main components:

the programming source,

18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 10

The programming source comprises

that provide various TV programming signals, like

to the broadcasting centre either through terrestrial means,

like using the line-of-sight microwave communication

18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 11

The satellite downlink comprises the main broadcasting satellite

18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 12

cable TV refers to the use of

18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 13

Direct-to-Home Satellite Television

Block schematic for the outdoor unit (ODU)

18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 14

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Satellite Data Broadcasting

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Satellite Data Broadcasting

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Satellite Data Broadcasting

18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 20

VSATs (Very Small Aperture Terminals)

18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 21

most VSAT systems operate in the Ku band

VSAT networks can transmit at a rate of

64–1024 kbps (64 kbps per remote terminal)

VSAT networks generally support data, video

18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 22

VSAT Network Topologies

bidirectional star networks Mesh networks

18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 23

National Satellite Systems

18-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 24

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19-11-2020 Suryanarayana NK , Dept of ECE,SVIT-64 https://15ec755svit.blogspot.com/ 1

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