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مقسم الجهد و التيار 2016-2015
مقسم الجهد و التيار 2016-2015
.Iاﻟﮭﺪف:
اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻗﺎﻧﻮن أوم و ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻷﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ و ﺑﻨﺎء دارﺗﻲ ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ وﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر.
.IIﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ:
ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ أو ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ھﻮ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺪارات اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻤﮭﺎ اﻟﻄﻼب ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪھﻢ ﻓﻲ
اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻊ ﻷي دارة ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ .ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﯾﻘﻮم اﻟﻄﻼب ﺑﺒﻨﺎء ﻣﻘﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﺠﮭﺪ وﻗﯿﺎس ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﻮد اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ،
ﺛﻢ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﻘﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﯿﺎر وﻗﯿﺎس ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﯿﺎرات اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ.
I
.IIIاﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ:
.2 .IIIﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر:
I
I1 I2 ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ،ﺗﻮﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻌ ًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻔﺮع ﺛ ﻢ ﺗﻮﺻ ﻞ ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﻮﻟ ﺪ اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﺴﺎوي ﻟﻔﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ
E
R1 U R2 ﯾﺘﺠﺰأ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر Iﺗﺒﻌ ًﺎ ﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدﺗﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪارة اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺔ .ﯾﺤﺴ ﺐ
اﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ:
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ﻣﺴﺆول اﻟﻤﺎدة :م .ﻟـــﺪرع ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ و اﻟﺘﯿﺎر 2016 - 2015
.3 .IIIﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ:
:1 .3 .IIIﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ،أﻛﻤﻞ ﻣﻸ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ أن :U=10V
)R 1 ( Ω
)R 2 (Ω
)(R 1 +R 2 ) (Ω
)U 1 (V
)U 2 (V
)(U 1 +U 2 ) (V
:2 .3 .IIIﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ،أﻛﻤﻞ ﻣﻸ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ أن :U=10V
)R 1 ( Ω
)R 2 (Ω
2
) (R 1 ×R 2 ) (Ω
)(R 1 +R 2 ) (Ω
)R éq ( Ω
)I (A
)I 1 (A
)I 2 (A
:3 .3 .IIIإذا اﻋﺘﺒﺮﻧﺎ أن دارة ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺎت R2 ، R1و R3ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ ،ﺿﻊ داﺧﻞ إطﺎر
اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﻟﻔﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ طﺮﻓﻲ R2
:4 .3 .IIIإذا اﻋﺘﺒﺮﻧﺎ أن دارة ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﯿ ﺎر ﺗﺤﺘ ﻮي ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺛﻼﺛ ﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ ﺎت R2 ، R1و R3ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘﻔ ﺮع ،ﺿ ﻊ داﺧ ﻞ إط ﺎر
اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ R2
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ﻣﺴﺆول اﻟﻤﺎدة :م .ﻟـــﺪرع ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ و اﻟﺘﯿﺎر 2016 - 2015
.IVاﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﯾﺒﯿﺔ:
.1 .IVاﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ:
I
ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ،ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺎت ،آﻣﺒﯿﺮﻣﺘﺮ ،ﻓﻮﻟﻄﻤﺘﺮ ،أﺳﻼك ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ.
U1
.2 .IVﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ:
R1
.1ﺣﻘﻖ اﻟﺪارة اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﯿﺚ U=E=10V
U .2ﻧﻘﯿﺲ ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯿﻦ R1و R2ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻷوﻣ ﺘﺮ ﺛﻢ ﻧﺴﺠﻞ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻓﻲ
E
)R 1 ( Ω
)ΔR 1 ( Ω
)R 2 (Ω
)ΔR 2 (Ω
)U 2 (V
)ΔU 2 (V
A
.1ﺑﺎﺳ ﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻧﻔ ﺲ ﻗ ﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣ ﺎت اﻟﺴ ﺎﺑﻘﺔ ،ﺣﻘ ﻖ اﻟ ﺪارة اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺔ
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ﻣﺴﺆول اﻟﻤﺎدة :م .ﻟـــﺪرع ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ و اﻟﺘﯿﺎر 2016 - 2015
)R 1 ( Ω
)ΔR 1 ( Ω
)R 2 (Ω
)ΔR 2 (Ω
)I 2 (A
)ΔI 2 (A
.Vاﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ:
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