7 Equilibrium: Solutions

Chapter 7
Equilibrium
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions
1. The Kc for given reaction will be

A 2 (g)  2B(g)
C(g)  2D(s)
[C][D]2 [C] [A 2 ][B]2 [A 2 ][B]2

(1) K  (2) K (3) K (4) K
[A 2 ][B]2 [A 2 ][B]2 [C][D]2 [C]
Sol. Answer (2)
[C] [D]2
Kc 
[A 2 ] [B]2
∵ D is solid, its concentration is taken unity
[C]
 Kc 
[A 2 ] [B]2
2. For which of the following reaction, the degree of dissociation () and equilibrium constant (Kp) are related as
4 2P
Kp  ?
(1   2 )
(1) N2O4(g) 2NO2(g) (2) H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)
(3) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (4) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) PCl5(g)

Sol. Answer (1)
The first reaction is a decomposition reaction for which
4 2P
Kp 
1    ; Where P is total pressure at equilibrium and  is degree of dissociation of N O .
2 2 4
3. In which of the following does the reaction go almost to completion?

(1) Kc = 103 (2) Kc = 102 (3) Kc = 10–2 (4) Kc = 10–3
Sol. Answer (1)
Highest value of Kc means reactions maximum approaches completion.
Aakash Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, Plot No.-4, Sector-11, Dwarka, New Delhi-75 Ph.011-47623456
94 Equilibrium Solution of Assignment (Set-2)
4. In a chemical equilibrium the rate constant of the backward reaction is 7.5 × 10–4 and the equilibrium constant
is 1.5. So the rate constant of the forward reaction is
(1) 2 × 10–3 (2) 15 × 10–4 (3) 1.125 × 10–3 (4) 9.0 × 10–4
Sol. Answer (3)
We know,
Kf
K
Kb
or, Kf = K × Kb
= 1.5 × 7.5 × 10–4
= 1.125 × 10–3
5. Kp is how many times equal to Kc for the given reaction?

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
1 R
(1) 2 2 (2) R2T 2 (3) (4) RT
R T T
Sol. Answer (1)
We know,
n
K p  K c RT 
In the reaction,
n = 2 – (1 + 3) = – 2
 Kp = (RT)–2 × Kc
1
= Kc
2 2
R T
6. 4 g H2, 32 g O2, 14 g N2 and 11g CO2 are taken in a bulb of 500 ml. Which one of these has maximum active
mass?
(1) H2 (2) O2 (3) N2 (4) CO2
Sol. Answer (1)
4
Active mass of H2 = 2 4
500
1000
32
32
Active mass of O2 = 500  2
1000
14
Active mass of N2 = 28  1
500
1000
11
44  0.5
Active mass of CO2 =
500
1000
Solution of Assignment (Set-2) Equilibrium 95
7. For reaction, 2A + B 2C, K = x. Equilibrium constant for C A + 1/2B

will be
x 1
(1) x (2) (3) (4) x
2 x
Sol. Answer (3)
Given reaction :

2A  B
2C ; Kx
1
 A B
C ; K x
2

1 1
 A
C B ; K
2 x
8. XY2 dissociates as,
XY2(g) XY(g) + Y(g)

Initial pressure of XY2 is 600 mm Hg. The total pressure at equilibrium is 800 mm Hg. Assuming volume of
system to remain constant, the value of Kp is
(1) 50 (2) 100 (3) 20 (4) 400
Sol. Answer (2)
XY2  g XY  g  Y  g

t0 600 mm Hg 0 0
At equilibrium 600  P P P
Ptotal = 600 – P + P + P = 600 + P

 600 + P = 800
 P = 200 mm Hg
P2 200  200
 Kp    100
600  P 600  200
9. The initial pressure of COCl2 is 1000 torr. The total pressure of the system becomes 1500 torr, when the
equilibrium COCl2(g) CO(g)+Cl2(g) is attained at constant temperature. The value of Kp of a reaction
(1) 1500 (2) 1000 (3) 2500 (4) 500
Sol. Answer (4)
COCl2

CO  Cl2

t0 1000 torr 0 0
At equilibrium 1000  P P P
 Ptotal = 1000 + P = 1500

 P = 500 torr
P2 500  500
Kp    500
1000  P 500
10. Hydrogen (a moles) and iodine (b moles) react to give 2x moles of the HI at equilibrium. The total number of
moles at equilibrium is
(1) a + b + 2x (2) (a – b) + (b – 2x)
(3) (a + b) (4) a+b–x
Sol. Answer (3)
H2  l2

2 Hl

t0 a b 0
Equilibrium a  x bx 2x
 Total moles = a + b
11. When ethyl alcohol and acetic acid mixed together in equimolecular proportions, equilibrium is attained when
two–third of the acid and alcohol are consumed. The equilibrium constant of the reaction will be
(1) 0.4 (2) 4 (3) 40 (4) 0.04
Sol. Answer (2)

C2H5 OH  CH3 COOH
CH3 COOC2H5  H2O
t0 1 1 0 0
2 2 2 2
Equilibrium 1  1
3 3 3 3
2 2

Kc  3 3  4 [Considering 1L container]
1 1

3 3
12. Two moles of N2 and two moles of H2 are taken in a closed vessel of 5 litres capacity and suitable conditions
are provided for the reaction. When the equilibrium is reached, it is found that a half mole of N2 is used up.
The equilibrium concentration of NH3 is
(1) 0.3 (2) 0.4 (3) 0.2 (4) 0.1
Sol. Answer (3)
N2  3 H2

2 NH3

t0 2 2 0
Equilibrium 2  x 2  3x 2x
Given: x = 0.5
 Number of moles of NH3 at equilibrium = 1
1
 ⎡⎣NH3 ⎤⎦  mol L1  0.2 mol L1
5
13. 1 mole of NO2 and 2 moles of CO are enclosed in a one litre vessel to attain the following equilibrium NO2 +
CO NO + CO2. It was estimated that at the equilibrium, 25% of initial amount of CO is consumed. The
equilibrium constant Kp is
(1) 1 (2) 1/2 (3) 1/4 (4) 1/3
Sol. Answer (4)
NO2
 CO
NO  CO2
t0 1 2 0 0
Equilibrium 1  x 2x x x
25
Given : x   2  0.5
100
∵ Kp = Kc [n = 0]
[NO] [CO2 ] x2 0.5  0.5 1

 Kp  K c    
[NO2 ] [CO] (1  x) (2  x) 0.5  0.5 3
14. Two moles of NH3 gas are introduced into a previously evacuated one litre vessel in which it partially
dissociates at high temperature as 2NH3 (g) . N2 (g) + 3H2 (g). At equilibrium, one mole of NH3(g) remain.
The value of Kc is
(1) 3 (2) 27/16 (3) 3/2 (4) 27/64
Sol. Answer (2)
2 NH3

N2
 3 H2
t0 2 0 0
Equilibrium 2  2x x 3x
2 – 2x = 1
 x = 0.5
3 3
x   3x  0.5  1.5  75 27
Kc    0.75  
2 2
 2  2x  1 100 16
15. 4.0 moles of PCl5 dissociate at 760 K in a 2 litre flask, PCl5 (g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) at equilibrium. 0.8 mole
of Cl2 was present in the flask. The equilibrium constant would be
(1) 1.0 × 10–1 (2) 1.0 × 10–4 (3) 1.0 × 10–2 (4) 1.0 × 10–3
Sol. Answer (1)
PCl5

PCl3
 Cl2
t0 4 0 0
Equilibrium 4  x x x
4x x x
Active mass
2 2 2
x x

2 2  x2
 Kc 
4  x 24  x
2
Given : x = 0.8 mole
0.8  0.8
 Kc   10 1
8  1.6
16. When 3.00 mole of A and 1.00 mole of B are mixed in a 1.00 litre vessel, the following reaction takes place
A(g) + B(g) 2C(g)
The equilibrium mixture contains 0.5 mole of C. What is the value of equilibrium constant for the reaction?
(1) 0.12 (2) 6 (3) 1.5 (4) 3
Sol. Answer (1)
A  B

2C

t0 3 1 0
Equilibrium 3  x 1 x 2x
Given : 2x = 0.5
 x = 0.25
 2x 2  0.5 2
Kc    0.12
 3  x  1  x  2.75  0.75
17. At 700 K, the equilibrium constant, Kp, for the reaction 2SO3(g) 2SO2(g) + O2 (g) is 1.8 × 10–3 atm. The value
of Kc for the above reaction at the same temperature in moles per litre would be
(1) 1.1 × 10–7 (2) 3.1 × 10–5 (3) 6.2 × 10–7 (4) 9.3 × 10–7
Sol. Answer (2)
For the reaction,
n = 1
 Kp = Kc (RT)n = Kc RT
Kp 1.8  10 3 atm
 Kc    3.13  10 5
RT 1 1
0.082 L atm K mol  700 K
18. Which one of the following equilibrium moves backward when pressure is applied?
(1) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g) (2) N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2NO (g)
(3) Water Ice (4) I2 (g) I2 (s)
Sol. Answer (3)
When pressure is applied, boiling point is increased and freezing point is depressed.
 Equilibrium shifts backward.
19. In melting of ice, which one of the conditions will be more favourable?
(1) High temperature and high pressure (2) Low temperature and low pressure
(3) Low temperature and high pressure (4) High temperature and low pressure
Sol. Answer (1)
For melting of ice, high temperature and high pressure would be favourable.
20. Given the reaction,
2X(g) + Y(g) Z(g) + 80 kcal

Which combination of pressure and temperature gives the highest yield of Z at equilibrium?
(1) 1000 atm and 500°C (2) 500 atm and 500°C
(3) 1000 atm and 100°C (4) 500 atm and 100°C
Sol. Answer (3)
2X  g  Y(g)
Z  g  80 kcal

Endothermic reaction
 Low temperature  high yield of Z.
Also,
high pressure  increase in concentration
 increase in yield of Z
 1000 atm and 100°C
21. Calculate the percentage ionization of 0.01 M acetic acid in 0.1 M HCl Ka of acetic acid is 1.8 × 10–5
(1) 0.18% (2) 0.018% (3) 1.8% (4) 18%
Sol. Answer (2)

CH3 COOH

CH3 COO  H
 0.01  x  x  x  0.1
HCl  H  Cl○
0.1 0.1
x  0.1  x 
Ka   1.8  105
 0.01  x 
 x is very low,
x  0.1  x  0.1
So,  x  1.8  105
 0.01  x  0.01
 x = 1.8 × 10–6
Number of moles ionized

Now % ionization   100
Number of moles taken
x
=  100  0.018%
0.01
22. A 0.2 molar solution of formic acid is 3.2% ionised, its ionisation constant is
(1) 9.6 × 10–3 (2) 2.1 × 10–4 (3) 1.25 × 10–6 (4) 2.1 × 10–8
Sol. Answer (2)

HCOOH
HCOO
○
–
 H
At t  0 0.2 0 0
0.2  x x x
Given, x  3.2  0.2

100
2
⎛ 3.2  0.2 ⎞
[HCOO○
–
] [H ] x2 ⎜ 100 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
 Ki   =  2.1  104
[HCOOH] 0.2  x ⎛ 3.2  0.2 ⎞
⎜ 0.2  100 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
23. At 100°C, Kw = 10–12. pH of pure water at 100°C will be

(1) 7.0 (2) 6.0 (3) 8.0 (4) 12.0
Sol. Answer (2)
Given Kw = 10–12
 [H+] [OH–1] = 10–12
 [H+] = 10–6 [∵ Water is pure]
PH = – log10 [H+] = 6
24. A monoprotic acid in a 0.1 M solution ionises to 0.001%. Its ionisation constant is
(1) 1.0 × 10–3 (2) 1.0 × 10–6 (3) 1.0 × 10–8 (4) 1.0 × 10–11
Sol. Answer (4)

HA

H
 A
At t  0 0.1 0 0
0.001 0.001 0.001
0.1   0.1  0.1  0.1
100 100 100
[H ] [A  ] 106  106

 Ki    1011
[HA] 6
0.1  10
25. When 0.1 mole of ammonia is dissolved in sufficient water to make 1 litre of solution. The solution is found to have
a hydroxide ion concentration of 1.34 × 10–3. The dissociation constant of ammonia is
(1) 1.8 × 10–5 (2) 1.6 × 10–6 (3) 1.34 × 10–3 (4) 1.8 × 10–4
Sol. Answer (1)
NH3  H2O  NH4 OH

0.1 0.1


NH4 OH
NH4  OH
0.1  x x x
[NH4 ] [OH ] x2
Kb  
[NH4 OH] 0.1  x
Given : x = 1.34 × 10–3
1.34  10 
2
3
 Kb   1.79  105
 0.1  x 
26. A solution of NaOH contain 0.04 gm of NaOH per litre. Its pH is
(1) 10 (2) 9 (3) 11 (4) 12
Sol. Answer (3)
0.04 g of NaOH
0.04 g
  103 moles of NaOH
40 g mol1
 NaOH  Na  OH

103 0 0
0 103 103
 [OH–]= 10–3
 p[OH] = 3
 pH = 14 – 3 = 11
27. 1 c.c of 0.1 N HCl is added to 1 litre solution of sodium chloride. The pH of the resulting solution will be
(1) 7 (2) 0 (3) 10 (4) 4
Sol. Answer (4)
0.1 N HCl  0.1 mole of HCl in 1 L solution
 0.1 × 10–3 moles of HCl in 1 c.c. (1 mL) solution
 pH = – log10 [0.1 × 10–3] = 4
28. 100 c.c. of N/10 NaOH solution is mixed with 100 c.c. of N/5 HCl solution and the whole volume is made to
1 litre. The pH of the resulting solution will be
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
Sol. Answer (2)
We know, for an aicd base mixture,
N3(V1 + V2) = |N1V1 – N2V2|
Where, N3(V1 + V2) = Number of gram equivalents of HCl (∵ Acid is in excess)
Now,
g. equivalents of HCl = | 0.1 × 0.1 – 0.1 × 0.2 | = 0.01
Number of g equivalents  0.01  0.01

 Number of moles =
n factor of HCl 1
 HCl  H 
 Cl○
0.01 0.01 0.01
 pH = – log10[H+] = 2
29. The pH of a solution is zero. The solution is

(1) Neutral (2) Normal acid (3) Decinormal acid (4) Strongly alkaline
Sol. Answer (2)
pH of solution is 0
 [H+] = 1 M
 Normal acid
30. 100 ml of 0.1 N NaOH is mixed with 100 ml of 0.1 N H2SO4. The pH of the resultant solution is
(1) < 7 (2) >7
(3) = 7 (4) Cannot be predicted
Sol. Answer (3)
∵ Number of g equivalents of acid
= Number of g equivalents of base
 pH = 7 and solution is neutral
31. The pH of 0.016 M NaOH solution is

(1) 1.796 (2) 12.204 (3) 11 (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (2)
0.016 M NaOH
 [OH–] = 0.016
 pOH = – log10 (0.016)
= – log10 (16 × 10–3)
= 3 – log10 16
= 3 – 4 log 2
= 3 – 4 × 0.3
= 3 – 12 = 1.8
 pH = 14 – 1.8 = 12.2
32. pH of 1 M HCl is
(1) Zero (2) –2 (3) 7 (4) 14
Sol. Answer (1)
1 M HCl
 [H+] = 1 M
 pH = – log10 1 = 0
33. For a acid 'A' pH = 2 and for acid 'B' pH is 4. Then

(1) A is more basic than B (2) B is more acidic than A
(3) A is more acidic than B (4) B is more basic than A
Sol. Answer (3)
Lower pH  stronger acid (more [H+] ion concentration)
34. The addition of solid sodium carbonate to pure water causes

(1) An increase in the hydronium ion concentration
(2) An increase in pH
(3) No change in pH
(4) A decrease in the hydroxide ion concentration
Sol. Answer (2)

Na2CO3  H2O
NaOH  H2CO3
Now, NaOH is a strong electrolyte and dissociates completely
NaOH  Na   OH

On the other hand, H2CO3 is weak and dissociates partially


 2
2H  CO3
H2CO3
 [OH–] > [H+]
 Basic solution (increase in pH)
35. A buffer solution can be prepared from a mixture of
I. Sodium acetate and acetic acid in water
II. Sodium chloride and HCl in water
III. Ammonia and NH4Cl in water
IV. Ammonia and sodium hydroxide in water
(1) 1, 3, 4 (2) 2, 3, 4 (3) 1, 2, 4 (4) 1, 3
Sol. Answer (4)
Buffer solution can be prepared by
CH3COONa and CH3COOH
Weak acid + Strong base Weak acid
AND
NH4OH and NH4Cl
Weak base Weak base + Strong acid
Where NH4OH is formed as follows
NH3  H2O  NH4 OH
36. A salt of strong acid and weak base is dissolved in water. Its hydrolysis in solution is
(1) Unaffected on heating (2) Increased by adding strong acid
(3) Suppressed by diluting (4) Suppressed by adding strong acid
Sol. Answer (4)
Strong acid + weak base  Acidic salt
Acidic salt upon hydrolysis gives out H+. Hence adding more H+ results in increase in [H+] and hence shift
of equilibrium in backward direction.
37. The following reactions are known to occur in the body

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3–
If CO2 escapes from the system
(1) pH will decrease (2) Hydrogen ion concentration will diminish
(3) H2CO3 concentration will be promoted (4) The forward reaction will be promoted
Sol. Answer (2)
If CO2 decreases
 H2CO3 concentration decreases
 H+ concentration decreases
38. Which of the following salts undergoes hydrolysis?

(1) CH3COONa (2) KNO3 (3) NaCl (4) K2SO4
Sol. Answer (1)
Salt containing at least one conjugate acid or base of a weak acid or base undergoes hydrolysis to give
corresponding acids or base. (e.g., CH3 COONa )
Strong electrolytes do not get hydrolysed to form acids and bases. (e.g., NaCl, KNO3)
39. Which will undergo cationic hydrolysis?

(1) NaCl (2) CH3COONa (3) (NH4)2SO4 (4) H2CO3
Sol. Answer (3)
Acidic salt undergoes cationic hydrolysis NH4 2 SO4
40. A 0.1 N solution of sodium bicarbonate has a pH value of

(1) 5.6 (2) 7.0 (3) 8.4 (4) 4.0
Sol. Answer (3)
Since the solution is basic i.e., solution of sodium bicarbonate should have a pH greater than 7.
41. Degree of hydrolysis (h) of a salt of weak acid and a strong base is given by
Kh c Kw
(1) h  (2) h  Kh (3) h (4) h
c Kh Kb
Sol. Answer (1)

For salt of weak acid and strong base,
Kh
h
c
42. pH of a salt of a strong base with weak acid
1 1 1 1 1 1
(1) pH  pK w  pK a  log C (2) pH  pK w  pK a  log C
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
(3) pH  pK w  pK a  log C (4) None of these
2 2 2
Sol. Answer (1)
For salt of a strong base with weak acid,
1 1 1 1 1
pH  pK w  pK a log C  7  pK a  log C
2 2 2 2 2
43. Which relation is correct for NH4Cl?

(1) Kh = Kw/Ka (2) Kh = Kw/Kb (3) Kh = Kw/Ka.Kb (4) Kh = Kw.Ka
Sol. Answer (2)
NH4Cl  strong acid + weak base
Kw
So, Kh 
Kb
44. Solubility product principle can be applied when
(1) A solid is insoluble in a liquid
(2) A liquid is insoluble in another liquid
(3) Any ionic compound is sparingly soluble in a liquid
(4) Substance is ionic
Sol. Answer (3)
Solubility product principle can only be applied for saturated solutions of sparingly soluble salts.
45. The solubility product of AgCl is Ksp. Then the solubility of AgCl in xM KCl is
x K sp K sp
(1) Ksp × x2 (2) (3) 2 (4)
K sp x x
Sol. Answer (4)
AgCl  S 

Ag

 Cl
1 0 0
1 S S (S  x) [x due to KCl]
 S(S + x) = Ksp
or, S2 + xS = Ksp
∵ S2 is very small, it is neglected
 xS = Ksp
K sp
 S
x
46. The correct representation for the Ksp of SnS2 is

(1) [Sn2+][S2–]2 (2) [Sn4+][S–2]2 (3) [Sn2+][2S–2] (4) [Sn4+][2S2–]2
Sol. Answer (2)
4
SnS2

Sn
 2 S2 
1 0 0
1 S S 2S
 Ksp = S × (2 S)2
or, Ksp = [Sn4+] [S2–]2
47. The Ksp for a sparingly soluble Ag2CrO4 is 4 × 10–12. The molar solubility of the salt is
(1) 2.0 × 10–6 mol L–1 (2) 1.0 × 10–4 mol L–1
(3) 2.0 × 10–12 mol L–1 (4) 1.0 × 10–15 mol L–1
Sol. Answer (2)
2
Ag2CrO4

2 Ag
 CrO2–
4
1 0 0
1 S 2S S
 Ksp = (2S)2S = 4 S3
or, 4 S3 = Ksp = 4 × 10–12
 S3 = 10–12
 S = 10–4 mol L–1
48. Precipitation occurs only if I.P (Ionic Product)

(1) Equals KSP (2) Exceeds KSP (3) Less than KSP (4) Is very small
Sol. Answer (2)
Precipitation occurs only when Ionic product > solubility product due to which the reaction shifts backward
and solid precipitate is obtained.
49. The precipitate of CaF2 (Ksp = 1.7 × 10–10) is obtained when equal volumes of the following are mixed
(1) 10–4 M Ca2+ + 10–4 M F– (2) 10–2 M Ca2+ + 10–3 M F–
(3) 10–4 M Ca2+ + 10–3 M F– (4) 10–3 M Ca2+ + 10–5 M F–
Sol. Answer (2)
For 10–2 M Ca2+ and 10–3 M F–
Ionic product = 10–2 × 10–3 = 10–5
 Ionic product > Solubility product
 Precipitation occurs
50. An example of a salt dissolved in water to give acidic solution is

(1) Ammonium chloride (2) Sodium acetate (3) Potassium nitrate (4) Barium bromide
Sol. Answer (1)
An acidic salt gives acidic solution NH4Cl is made up of weak base and strong acid, hence gives acidic
solution.
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions
1. The equilibrium constant KC for the following reaction will be
K2CO3(aq) + BaSO4(s) BaCO3(s)+ K2SO4(aq)
[CO 32 – ] [K 2CO3 ] [BaSO 4 ] [SO 24– ]

(1) (2) (3) (4)
[SO 24– ] [K 2SO 4 ] [CO 32 – ] [CO 32 – ]
Sol. Answer (4)

For the reaction,
[BaCO3 ] [K 2SO4 ]
Kc 
[K 2CO3 ] [BaSO4 ]
∵ [BaCO3(s)] = 1
[BaSO4(s)] = 1
[K 2SO4 ]
 Kc 
[K 2CO3 ]
 Both K2SO4 and K2SO3 are strong electrolytes
[SO24 ]
 Kc 
[CO32 ]
2. At temperature T, a compound AB2(g) dissociates according to the reaction,
2AB2(g) 2AB(g) + B2(g) with a degree of dissociation 'x' which is small as compared to unity. The
expression for Kp in terms of 'x' and total pressure P is
Px 3 Px 2 Px 3 Px 2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 3 3 2
Sol. Answer (1)
2 AB2

2 AB  B2
t0 1 0 0
x
Equilibrium 1 x x ∵ Degree of dissociation is x 
2
x
1 x x 2
Mole fraction
x x x
1 1 1
2 2 2
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ x ⎞
⎜ 1 x ⎟ ⎜ x ⎟ ⎜ 2 ⎟
Partial Pr essure ⎜ ⎟P ⎜ ⎟P ⎜ ⎟P
⎜⎜ 1  x ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ 1  x ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ 1  x ⎟⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
2
PB2  PAB
 Kp 
2
PAB
2
⎛ x ⎞
⎜ 2 ⎟ x2
⎜ ⎟P  P2
x
⎜⎜ 1  ⎟⎟ ⎛ x⎞
2
⎝ 2⎠ ⎜1  2 ⎟ Px3
 ⎝ ⎠ 
1  x 2 ⎛ x⎞
2 ⎜ 1  ⎟ 1  x 
2
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ x⎞
⎜1  2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
 x 1
Px3 Px3
 Kp  
2  1 1 2
Also,
Number of moles dissociated

Degree of dissociation =
3. Ammonium carbamate dissociates as

NH2COONH4(s) 2NH3(g) + CO2(g)
In a closed vessel containing ammonium carbamate in equilibrium, ammonia is added such that the partial
pressure of NH3 now equals to the original total pressure. The ratio of total pressure now to the original pressure
is
27 31 4 5P
(1) (2) 27 (3) (4)
31 9 9
Sol. Answer (2)
NH2COONH4

2NH3  CO2
At equilibrium 2P P
 Total pressure = 2P + P = 3P
 
2
KP  PCO2  PNH3
= P × (2P)2 = 4 P3
When extra NH3 is added,
NH2COONH4 2NH3  CO2

3P x
Same as previous total pressure

∵ KP is constant,
2
KP  PCO2  PNH
3
= x × (3P) = 9 P2x
2
Also, KP = 4 P3
 4 P3 = 9 P2x
4
or, x  P
9
4 31P
 Total pressure now = 3 P + x  3 P  P
9 9
Total pressure previous = 3 P.
31P
Total pressure now 31
  9 
Total pressure previous 3P 27
4. When 1 mole of N2 and 1 mole of H2 is enclosed in 3L vessel and the reaction is allowed to attain equilibrium,
it is found that at equilibrium there is 'x' mole of H2. The number of moles of NH3 formed would be
2x 2(1  x) 2(1  x) (1  x)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 3 2
Sol. Answer (3)
N2
 3 H2
2 NH3
Moles at t  0 1 1 0
Moles at equilibrium 1  n 1  3n 2n
Given : 1 – 3n = x
⎛ 1 x ⎞
or, n  ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠
 At equilibrium moles of NH3  2n  2  

1 x
3
5. 1 mole of 'A', 1.5 mole of 'B' and 2 mole of 'C' are taken in a vessel of volume one litre. At equilibrium
concentration of C is 0.5 mole/L. Equilibrium constant for the reaction
A(g) + B(g) C(g) is
(1) 0.66 (2) 0.066 (3) 66 (4) 6.6

Sol. Answer (2)
A  B

C

Moles at t  0 1 1.5 2
Moles at equilibrium 1  x 1.5  x 2 x
At equilibrium, [C] = 0.5 mol L–1

∵ Vessel is of 1 L
 moles of C = 0.5
 2 + x = 0.5
 x = – 1.5
Which means C decreases and A and B are formed i.e. reaction shifts backwards.
Kc 
 C
 A  B
2  x

1  x  1.5  x 
 2  1.5 

⎡⎣1   1.5  ⎤⎦ ⎡⎣1.5   1.5  ⎤⎦
0.5
  0.067
2.5  3
6. The number of hydrogen ions in 10 ml of a solution with pH = 13 is

(1) 1013 (2) 6.023 × 108 (3) 6.023 × 1010 (4) 6.023 × 1013
Sol. Answer (2)
pH = 13
 – log [H+]= 13
 [H+]= 10–13
 10–13 moles of H+ in 1 L
or, 1000 mL solution …… 10–13 moles
1013
 10 mL soution …… moles
100
 Number of H+ ions = 6.023 × 10–15 × 1023
7.

N2  3H2
2NH3 ; K c  1.2
At the start of a reaction, there are 0.249 mol N2, 3.21 × 10–2 mol H2 and 6.42 × 10–4 mol NH3 in a 3.50 L
reaction vessel at 375°C. Hence reaction will proceed in
(1) Forward direction (2) Backward direction (3) At equilibrium (4) Stops
Sol. Answer (1)
2
⎛ 6.42 ⎞ 4 2
NH3 2 ⎜ 3.5 ⎟  (10 )
QC   ⎝ ⎠  0.61
N2  H2 3 ⎛ 0.249 ⎞ ⎛ 3.21 10
2 ⎞
3
⎜ 3.5 ⎟ ⎜⎜ 3.5
⎟
⎟
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
 QC < KC  Reaction proceeds in forward direction.
8. Solid ammonium carbamate dissociated according to the given reaction

2NH3 (g)  CO2 (g)
NH2COONH4 (s)
Total pressure of the gases in equilibrium is 5 atm. Hence Kp

(1) 18.5 (2) 25 (3) 1/ 5 (4) 12.5
Sol. Answer (1)

NH2COONH4 (s)
2NH3 CO2
2P P
Total pressure = 2 P + P = 3 P = 5 atm
5
 P atm
3
2
KP  PCO2  PNH
3
5 ⎛ 25 ⎞
 atm  ⎜ atm ⎟  18.51
3 ⎝ 3 ⎠
9. 1.1 mole of A is mixed with 1.2 mol of B and the mixture is kept in a 1 L flask till the equilibrium

A  2B
2C  D is reached. At equilibrium 0.1 mol of D is formed. The Kc of the reaction
(1) 0.002 (2) 0.004 (3) 0.001 (4) 0.003
Sol. Answer (2)
A  2B

2C  D

1.1 1.2 0 0
1.1  x 1.2  2x 2x x
Given : x = 0.1
2
 Kc 
 C D

4x 2  x 3
4   0.1
  0.004
 A  B2 1.1  x  1.2  2x 2 1.1  0.1 1.2  0.2 2
10. In the following reaction
HC2 O 4  PO34

2 2
HPO 4  C2O 4
which pair can act as Bronsted bases only?

(1) HC2O4– and PO43– (2) HPO42– and C2O42– (3) HC2O4– and HPO42– (4) PO43– and C2O42–
Sol. Answer (4)
PO34 and C2O24 cannot release H+ thus cannot act as bronsted acid. Instead they accept protons and act
as bronsted bases.
11.

C(s)  H2 O(g)
CO(g)  H2 (g); H  0 .
The above equilibrium will proceed in forward direction when

(1) It is subjected to high pressure
(2) It is subjected to high temperature
(3) Inert gas (Argon) is added at constant pressure
(4) Carbon (solid) is added
Sol. Answer (3)
When argon is added at constant pressure, volume increases  active mass decreases i.e.. Decrease in active
mass is more for products since there are more number of gaseous products
 Reaction proceeds in forward direction.

SO2 (g)  Cl2 (g) at 2000 K and 10 atm pressure, % Cl2 = % SO2 = 40 (by
12. In the equilibrium SO2 Cl2 (g)
volume) Then
n(SO2Cl2 ) 1
(1) Kc = 0.1 mol lt–1 (2)  at equilibrium
n(SO2 ) 4
(3) n(SO2Cl2) = n(SO2) = n(Cl2) (4) Kp = 8 atm

Sol. Answer (4)

SO2  Cl2
SO2Cl2
pSO2  pCl2
Kp 
pSO2 Cl2
VCl2
Given :  0.4
Vtotal
nCl2  RT
p nCl2
or,  0.4 ⇒  0.4
ntotal  RT ntotal
p
Hence, Cl2  0.4
 pCl2  Cl2  ptotal  0.4  10 atm  4 atm
Similarly,
pSO2  4 atm
and pSO2Cl2  2 atm (Y% of SO2 = 100 – (40 + 40) = 20)
 44
Kp  atm  8 atm
2
13. Le-chatelier's principle is not applicable to

(1) Fe(s)  S(s)
FeS(s) (2)

H2 (g)  I2 (g)
2HI(g)

(3) N2 (g)  3H2 (g)
2NH3 (g) (4)

N2 (g)  O2 (g)
2NO(g)
Sol. Answer (1)
Le-chatelier principle cannot be applied to an all solid system.

14. For the reaction, N2 (g)  O2 (g)
2NO(g)
Equilibrium constant Kc = 2
Degree of association is
1 1 2 2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
Sol. Answer (2)
Number of moles associated

Degree of association =
N2  O2

2 NO

Moles at equilibrium 1  x 1 x 2x
 2x 2
 Kc  2
1  x 2
2x
or,  2
1 x
or, 2x  2  2x

or, x 2  2  2 
2 1
 x 
2 2 1 2
15. At 30°C, the solubility of Ag2CO3 (Ksp = 8 × 10–12) would be maximum in 1 litre of
(1) 0.05 M Na2CO3 (2) 0.05 M AgNO3 (3) Pure water (4) 0.05 M NH3
Sol. Answer (4)

 2
2 Ag  CO3
Ag2CO3

Ag  NH3  ⎡⎣ Ag NH3 2 ⎤⎦
Soluble complex
So, in pressence of NH3, Ag+ ion concentration in the equilibrium is reduced, hence according to Le-chatelier
principle, solubility is increased.
16. Which of the following solutions will have pH close to 1?
M M M M
(1) 100 ml, HCl  100 ml, NaOH (2) 55 ml, HCl  45 ml, NaOH
5 5 10 10
M M M M
(3) 10 ml, HCl  90 ml, NaOH (4) 75 ml, HCl  25 ml, NaOH
10 10 5 5
Sol. Answer (4)

pH  1  highly acidic  most number of [H+] ions.
M M
In 75 mL, HCl + 25 mL, NaOH
5 5
M
50 mL HCl remains un-neutralized
5
1
 50   103 moles of [H+]
5
= 10–2 moles of [H+] in 100 mL

 pH = (Closest to 1)
17. Silver nitrate is gradually added to an aqueous solution containing 0.01 M each of chloride, bromide and iodide
ions. The correct sequence (decreasing order) in which the halides will be precipitated is
(1) Br–, Cl–, I– (2) I–, Cl–, Br– (3) I–, Br–, Cl– (4) Cl–, Br–, I–
Sol. Answer (3)
Halide with lowest solubility product gets precipitated at first.
∵ (I. P > S.P)  Precipitation
Ksp value is in the order
AgI < AgBr < AgCl
 Order of precipitation,
AgI > AgBr > AgCl
18. If ionic product of water is Kw = 10–16 at 4°C, then a solution with pH = 7.5 at 4°C will
(1) Turn blue litmus red (2) Turn red litmus blue (3) Be neutral to litmus (4) Be alkaline
Sol. Answer (1)

Kw = 10–16
or [H+][OH–] = 10–16
∵ [H+] = [OH–] for pure water
 [H ] = 10
+ –8
 pH = 8 is neutral
 pH = 7.5 < 8 is acidic and hence turns blue litmus paper red.
19. When a small amount of HCl is added to a buffer solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate
(1) pH Increases (2) [H+] decreases
(3) Dissociation of acetic acid decreases (4) [CH3COO–] increases
Sol. Answer (3)
When H+ is added to acidic buffer, the dissociation of weak acid is further suppressed due to common ion
effect
○−

CH3COOH
CH3COO + H+
HCl → Cl○
⎯⎯ −
+ H+
common ion
20. The pH of 10–11 M HCl at 25°C is

(1) 11 (2) 3
(3) Slightly greater than 7 (4) Slightly less than 7
Sol. Answer (4)
10–11 M HCl  10–11 moles in 1 L of aqueous solution.
Also, water self ionizes as


H2O
H  OH○
1 107 107 [∵ K w  1014 ]
 Net H+ ion concentration = (10–7 + 10–11)

 pH = – log10 (10–7 + 10–11)
i.e. slightly lesser than 7
21. When equal volumes of pH = 4 and pH = 6 are mixed together then the pH of the resulting solution will be
[log 5 = 0.7]
(1) 4.3 (2) 4.7 (3) 5 (4) 5.3
Sol. Answer (1)
Let 1 L of pH = 4 and 1 L of pH = 6 solution be mixed.
 (10–4 + 10–6) moles of H+ in 2 L
104  106
or, moles in 1 L
2
4 ⎛ 1  0.01 ⎞
or, 10 ⎜ ⎟ moles in 1 L
⎝ 2 ⎠
 pH = – log10 (5 × 10–5) = 5 – log 5 = 5 – 0.7 = 4.3.
22. Which causes the change in the value of equilibrium constant of any equilibria?
(1) Adding of inert gas at constant pressure (2) Increasing the pressure
(3) Adding of inert gas at constant volume (4) Decreasing the temperature
Sol. Answer (4)
Any change in temperature would surely affect the equilibrium constant since equilibrium constant is a function
of temperature.
23. The value of Kp for the reaction,
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2SO3 (g) is 5.

What will be the partial pressure of O2 at equilibrium when equal moles of SO2 and SO3 are present at equilibrium?
(1) 0.5 (2) 0.3 (3) 0.2 (4) 0.1
Sol. Answer (3)

2 SO2  O2
2 SO3
2
pSO
3
Kp  5
2
pSO  pO 2
3
∵ nSO2  nSO3
 SO2  SO3  pSO2  pSO3
1
  5  pO2  0.2
pO2
24. The solubility product of AgBr is 4.9 × 10–9. The solubility of AgBr will be
(1) 7 × 10–4 mole/litre (2) 7 × 10–5 g/litre (3) 1.316 × 10–2 g/litre (4) 1 × 10–3 mole/litre
Sol. Answer (3)


AgBr
Ag  Br ○
1 S S S
Ksp = S2 = 4.9 × 10–9

 S = 7 × 10–5 mol L–1 = 7 × 10–5 × 188 g L–1
= 1.316 × 10–2 g L–1
25. In which of the following solution, AgCl has minimum solubility?

(1) 0.05 M AgNO3 (2) 0.01 M CaCl2 (3) 0.01 M NaCl (4) 0.01 M NH4OH
Sol. Answer (1)
 

AgCl
Ag  Cl○
In AgNO3, CaCl2 and NaCl, there are common ions. So minimum solubility will be shown by the solution which
has maximum number of common ions i.e. AgNO3
AgNO3  Ag  NO3○ 
0.05  0.05 0.05 0.05

M
26. The pH of Ca(OH)2 is
100
(1) 1.699 (2) 12 (3) 12.301 (4) 12.699

Sol. Answer (3)
In 1L, Ca  OH2  Ca2  2 OH

0.01 0.01  0.01  2  0.02
 pOH = – log10 0.02

= 2 – log 2 = 1.7
 pH = 14 – 1.7 = 12.3
27. The pH of a mixture of 100 ml 1M H2SO4 and 200 ml 1N NaOH at 25°C is

(1) More than 7 (2) Less than 7 (3) Equal to 7 (4) Can’t predict
Sol. Answer (3)
We know,
Normality = molarity × n-factor
 Normality of H2SO4 = 1 × 2, N = 2N.
 Number of g equivalents of H+ = | N1V1 – N2V2 | = | 0.1 × 2 – 0.2 × 1 | = 0
 Solution is neutral
28. The solubility product of BaSO4 is 4 × 10–10. The solubility of BaSO4 in presence of 0.02 N H2SO4 will be
(1) 4 × 10–8 M (2) 2 × 10–8 M (3) 2 × 10–5 M (4) 2 × 10–4 M
Sol. Answer (1)
K sp  ⎡Ba2 ⎤ ⎡SO24 ⎤  4  1010

⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
In presence of H2SO4,
2

BaSO4 (s)
Ba  SO24
Moles at equilibrium 1  S S S  0.01
Here 0.01 moles is due to H2SO4 which has molarity of 0.01 M.

 S(S + 0.01) = 4 × 10–10
or, S2 + 0.015 = 4 × 10–10
∵ S 1,
So S2 is neglected
 0.01 × S = 4 × 10–10 mol L–1
 S = 4 × 10–8 mol L–1
29. The pH of a mixture of 0.01M HCl and 0.1M CH3COOH is approximately
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 4 (4) 7
Sol. Answer (2)
HCl  H  Cl○

0.01 0 0
ln 1 L HCl is a strong acid
0 0.01 0.01
CH3COOH CH3COO  H
0.1 0 0
ln 1 L
0.1  x x x
 0.01  x 
 ⎡H ⎤ 
⎣ ⎦ ∵ Volume of mixture is 2 L
2
x
 0.005 
2
∵ x 1
 [H+] = 0.005
 pH = – log10 [H+] = – log (5 × 10–3)
= 3 – log 5 = 2.3
30. The equilibrium constants for A2 (g) 2A (g) at 400 K and 600 K are 1 × 10–8 and 1 × 10–2 respectively. The
reaction is
(1) Exothermic (2) Endothermic
(3) May be exothermic or endothermic (4) No heat is evolved or absorbed
Sol. Answer (2)
A 2  g
2 A  g

From the data,

heating leads to increase in Kc
 leads to increase in product formation
 Reaction is endothermic in nature.
31. Two samples of CH 3COOH each of 10 g were taken separately in two vessels containing water of
6 litre and 12 litre respectively at 27°C. The degree of dissociation of CH3COOH will be
(1) More in 12 litre vessel (2) More in 6 litre vessel
(3) Equal in both vessels (4) Half in 6 litre vessel than in 12 litre vessel
Sol. Answer (1)


○
CH3COOH  H2O
CH3COO  H3O
So, more the amount of water, more would be the dissociation of acid. Hence, dissociation is more in 12 L
vessel.
32. Following three gaseous equilibrium reactions are occurring at 27°C
A; 2CO + O2 2CO2
B; PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2
C; 2HI H2 + I2
KP
The correct order of K for the following reactions is
C
(1) A < C < B (2) A<B<C (3) C<B<A (4) B<C<A

Sol. Answer (1)
A

2 CO  O2
2 CO2
n = 2 – 3 = –1
Kp n 1
  RT  
Kc RT
B

PCl3  Cl2
PCl3
n = 2 – 1 = 1
Kp
  RT
Kc
C

H2  l2
2 Hl
n = 2 – 2 = 0
Kp
  RT    1
Kc
Kp
Hence, decreasing order of is
Kc
B>C>A
33. Solubility product of the salt, AxBy will be represented most suitably, if the solubility is represented by S
(1) Ksp = xyyx(S)x×y (2) Ksp = xy + yx + Sx+y (3) Ksp = xxyy(S)x+y (4) Ksp = x·Sx+y·y
Sol. Answer (3)
AxBy  s 

xA
y
 yB x 
1 0 0
1 S xS yS
x y
 K sp  ⎡ A y  ⎤ ⎡Bx  ⎤
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
= (xS)x (yS)y
= xx. yy. S(x + y)
34. Which is incorrect?
(1) Conjugate acid of H2O is H3O+ (2) Conjugate base of HCO3– is CO32–
(3) Conjugate base of NH3 is NH2 (4) Conjugate base of HOCl is Cl–
Sol. Answer (4)
HOCl  H  OCl○
Acid Conjugate base
35. A buffer solution can be obtained from
(1) HCN and KCN (2) CH3COONH4 (3) NH4Cl and NH4OH (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Buffer solution can be obtained from all the options. (HCN+KCN)  Acidic buffer (NH4Cl + NH4OH)  Basic
buffer and CH3COONH4  Simple buffer.
SECTION - C
Previous Years Questions
1.

If the equilibrium constant for N2 (g)  O2 (g)
2NO(g) is K, the equilibrium constant for
1 1

N2 (g)  O2 (g)
NO(g) will be [Re-AIPMT-2015]
2 2
1
(1) K (2) K2 (3) K1/2 (4) K
2
Sol. Answer (3)

[NO]2
N2 (g)  O2 (g)
2NO(g) ; K  …(i)
[N2 ][O2 ]
1 1
N2 (g)  O2 (g) NO(g) ;
2 2
[NO]
K 
[N2 ]  [O2 ]1/2
1/2 …(ii)
From eq. (i) & (ii)

K = K1/2
2. Which one of the following pairs of solution is not an acidic buffer? [Re-AIPMT-2015]
(1) H2CO3 and Na2CO3 (2) H3PO4 and Na3PO4

(3) HClO4 and NaClO4 (4) CH3COOH and CH3COONa
Sol. Answer (3)
HClO4 is the strongest acid amongst H2CO3, H3PO4, HClO4 and CH3COOH and for acidic buffer the mixture
should contain weak acid and its conjugate base.
3. What is the pH of the resulting solution when equal volumes of 0.1 M NaOH and 0.01 M HCl are mixed?
[Re-AIPMT-2015]
(1) 7.0 (2) 1.04 (3) 12.65 (4) 2.0
Sol. Answer (3)
NaOH HCl
0.1 V 0.01 V
Since the mg eq of NaOH is more than that of HCl.
 Resulting solution will be basic and the pH will be more than 7.
4. Which of the following statements is correct for a reversible process in a state of equilibrium? [AIPMT-2015]
(1) G° = 2.30 RT log K (2) G = –2.30 RT log K
(3) G = 2.30 RT log K (4) G° = –2.30 RT log K
Sol. Answer (4)
5. The K sp of Ag 2 CrO 4 , AgCl, AgBr and AgI are respectively, 1.1 × 10 –12 , 1.8 × 10 –10 , 5.0 × 10 –13 ,
8.3 × 10–17. Which one of the following salts will precipitate last if AgNO3 solution is added to the solution
containing equal moles of NaCl, NaBr, NaI and Na2CrO4? [AIPMT-2015]
(1) Ag2CrO4 (2) AgI (3) AgCl (4) AgBr
Sol. Answer (1)
6. If the value of an equilibrium constant for a particular reaction is 1.6 × 1012, then at equilibrium the system
will contain [AIPMT-2015]
(1) Similar amounts of reactants and products (2) All reactants
(3) Mostly reactants (4) Mostly products
Sol. Answer (4)
7. Which of the folowing salts will give highest pH in water? [AIPMT-2014]

(1) KCl (2) NaCl (3) Na2CO3 (4) CuSO4
Sol. Answer (3)
Na2CO3 is basic salt.
8. For a given exothermic reaction, Kp and Kp are the equilibrium constants at temperatures T1 and T2, respectively.
Assuming that heat of reaction is constant in temperature range between T1 and T2, it is readily observed that
[AIPMT-2014]
1
(1) Kp > Kp (2) Kp < Kp (3) Kp = Kp (4) Kp =
K p
Sol. Answer (1)
Assuming T2 > T1
For exothermic reactions, on increasing temperature equilibrium shifts in reserve direction and the value
equilibrium constant decreases.
9. Using the Gibbs energy change, G = +63.3 kJ, for the following reaction,

2
2Ag+ (aq) + CO3 (aq)
Ag2CO3(s)
the Ksp of Ag2CO3(s) in water at 25C is

(R = 8.314 J K–1 mol–1) [AIPMT-2014]
(1) 3.2 × 10–26 (2) 8.0 × 10–12 (3) 2.9 × 10–3 (4) 7.9 × 10–2
Sol. Answer (2)
∵ Gº = – 2.303 RT log Ksp
63300 = – 2.303 × 8.314 × 298 × log Ksp
 Ksp = 8 × 10–12
10. For the reversible reaction

N2(g)+3H2(g)
2NH3(g) + heat
The equilibrium shifts in forward direction [AIPMT-2014]
(1) By increasing the concentration of NH3(g)
(2) By decreasing the pressure
(3) By decreasing the concentrations of N2(g) and H2(g)
(4) By increasing pressure and decreasing temperature
Sol. Answer (4)
∵ ng = – ve and H is + ve, using Le Chatelier's principle.
11. Identify the correct order of solubility in aqueous medium [NEET-2013]

(1) ZnS > Na2S > CuS (2) Na2S > CuS > ZnS (3) Na2S > ZnS > CuS (4) CuS > ZnS > Na2S
Sol. Answer (3)
12. KMnO4 can be prepared from K2MnO4 as per the reaction,

3MnO24 + 2H2O 
2MnO4 +MnO2 + 4OH–
The reaction can go to completion by removing OH– ions by adding [NEET-2013]
(1) KOH (2) CO2 (3) SO2 (4) HCl
Sol. Answer (2)
13. Buffer solutions have constant acidity and alkalinity because [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) They have large excess of H+ or OH– ions
(2) They have fixed value of pH
(3) These give unionised acid or base on reaction with added acid or alkali
(4) Acids and alkalies in these solutions are shielded from attack by other ions
Sol. Answer (3)
Buffer solutions resist any small change in pH.
Let us take an example of acidic buffer

CH3 COOH  CH3 COO○ Na


○ 
CH3COO  H
CH3COOH
 is added, it
When extra acid is added, equilibrium shifts towards left due to common ion effect. When OH○
combines with H+ and hence equilibrium shifts right .
14. pH of a saturated solution of Ba(OH)2 is 12. The value of solubility product (Ksp) of Ba(OH)2 is
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) 4.0×10–6 (2) 5.0×10–6 (3) 3.3×10–7 (4) 5.0×10–7
Sol. Answer (4)
Ba  OH2  Ba2 

 2OH○
1 S S 2S
Given : pH = 12  pOH = 2  [OH–] = 10–2

So, 2 S = 10–2
102
 S
2
3
2 ⎛ 102 ⎞ 106
Hence, K sp  ⎡Ba2 ⎤ ⎡OH ⎤ = S × (2 S)2 = 4 S3  4  ⎜ ⎟   5  107
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎜ 2 ⎟ 2
⎝ ⎠

15. Given that the equilibrium constant for the reaction 2SO2(g) + O2(g)
2SO3(g), has a value of 278 at a
particular temperature. What is the value of the equilibirum constant for the following reaction at the same
temperature ?
1

SO3(g)
SO2(g) + 2 O2(g) [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) 1.8 × 10–3 (2) 3.6 × 10–3 (3) 6.0 × 10–2 (4) 1.3 × 10–5
Sol. Answer (3)

2 SO2  O2
2 SO3 ; Kc  x
1
SO2 

O2
SO3 ; K 'c  x
2
Reversing,
1 1

SO2  O2
SO3 ; K "c 
2 x
Given : x = 278
1
 K "c   6.0  102
278
16. Given the reaction between 2 gases represented by A2 and B2 to give the compound AB(g).

A2(g) + B2(g)
2AB(g)
At equilibrium, the concentration
of A2 = 3.0 × 10–3 M
of B2 = 4.2 × 10–3 M
of AB = 2.8 × 10–3 M
If the reaction takes place in a sealed vessel at 527C, then the value of Kc will be [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) 2.0 (2) 1.9 (3) 0.62 (4) 4.5
Sol. Answer (3)
 AB2   2.8  10 
3 2
Kc   0.62
 A 2  B2  3  103  4.2  103
17. A buffer solution is prepared in which the concentration of NH3 is 0.30 M and the concentration of NH4+ is 0.20
M. If the equilibrium constant, Kb for NH3 equals 1.8 × 10–5, what is the pH of this solution? (log 2.7 = 0.43)
(1) 8.73 (2) 9.08 (3) 9.43 (4) 11.72
Sol. Answer (3)
NH3  H2O  NH4 OH



NH4 
NH4 OH OH
0.30 0.20
⎡NH ⎤ ⎡OH ⎤
4⎦ ⎣
Kc  ⎣ ⎦
NH4OH
K b  NH4 OH 1.8  105  0.3

 ⎡OH ⎤    27  10 6
⎣ ⎦ ⎡NH ⎤ 0.2
⎣ 4⎦
 pOH = – log10 27 × 10–6 = 6 – 3 × log 3 = 6 – 3 log 3

 pH = 14 – pOH = 14 – 6 + 3 log 3 = 8 + 1.43 = 9.43

18. For the reaction, N2 (g)  O2 (g)
2NO(g) , the equilibrium constant is K1. The equilibrium constant is K2

1

for the reaction 2NO(g)  O2 (g) N2 (g)  O2 (g) ?
2NO2 (g) . What is K for the reaction NO2 (g) 2
1/2
1 1 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤
(1) (K K ) (2) (2K1K 2 ) (3) (4K1K 2 ) (4) ⎢K K ⎥
1 2 ⎣ 1 2⎦
Sol. Answer (4)
N2 + O2

2 NO
; Kc = K1
2 NO +

O2
2 NO2 ; Kc = K2

1
Or, 2 NO2

2 NO +
O2 ; Kc = (1)
K2
1
Also, 2 NO

N2
+ O2 ; Kc = (2)
K1
Adding (1) and (2),

1 1
2 NO2 N2
 2 O2 ; K c  
K1 K 2

1 1
 NO2
N2  O2 ; K c 
2 K1K 2
19. In qualitative analysis, the metals of group  can be separated from other ions by precipitating them as chloride
salts. A solution initially contains Ag+ and Pb2+ at a concentration is 0.10 M. Aqueous HCl is added to this
solution until the Cl– concentration is 0.10 M. What will the concentration of Ag+ and Pb2+ be at equilibrium?
(Ksp for AgCl = 1.8×10–10, Ksp for PbCl2 = 1.7×10–5) [AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
+ –9 + –11
(1) [Ag ] = 1.8 × 10 M (2) [Ag ] = 1.8 × 10 M
[Pb2+] = 1.7 × 10–3 M [Pb2+] = 1.7 × 10–4 M
(3) [Ag+] = 1.8 × 10–6 M (4) [Ag+] = 1.8 × 10–11 M
[Pb2+] = 1.7 × 10–11 M [Pb2+] = 8.5 × 10–5 M
Sol. Answer (1)
At equilibrium,

 ○
Ag  Cl
AgCl
⎡ Ag ⎤ ⎡Cl ⎤  K  1.8  1010

⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ sp
Given : [Cl–] = 0.1

 [Ag+] = 1.5 × 10–9

2 ○
Pb  2Cl
PbCl2
2
 ⎡Pb2 ⎤ ⎡Cl ⎤  K  1.7  105
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ sp
2 5
or, ⎡⎣Pb ⎤⎦  0.01  1.7  10
 ⎡Pb2 ⎤  1.7  103

⎣ ⎦
20. The value of H for the reaction
X2(g) + 4Y2(g) 2XY4 (g)
is less than zero. Formation of XY4(g) will be favoured at: [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) High pressure and low temperature (2) High tremperature and high pressure
(3) Low pressure and low temperature (4) High temperature and low pressure
Sol. Answer (1)
H is negative
 Formation of XY4 is favoured at low temperature
∵ Number of gaseous moles is lesser in product side  high pressure results in the formation of products.
21. In which of the following equilibrium Kc and Kp are not equal? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]

(1) 2NO(g)
N2 (g) + O2 (g) (2)

SO2 (g) + NO2 (g)
SO3 (g) + NO(g)

(3) H2 (g) + I2 (g)
2HI(g) (4)

2C(s) + O2 (g)
2CO2(g)
Sol. Answer (4)
Kp = Kc (RT)n
 Kp = Kc when n = 0
In the given reactions,
n  0 for 2 C s   O2 g

2 CO2 g

n = 2 – 1 = 1
 Kp  Kc
22. What is [H+] in mol/L of a solution that is 0.20 M

CH3COONa and 0.10 M in CH3COOH ? (Ka for CH3COOH = 1.8×10–5) [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
(1) 3.5 × 10–4 (2) 1.1 × 10 –5 (3) 1.8 × 10–5 (4) 9.0 × 10–6
Sol. Answer (4)
Applying Henderson-Haselbalch equation
[Salt]
pH  pK a  log
[Acid]
Ka = 1.8 × 10–5
 pKa = 5 – log 1.8 = 4.7
[Salt] 0.20
 2
[Acid] 0.10
pH = 4.7 + log 2 = 5
 [H+] = 10–5
23. In a buffer solution containing equal concentration of B– and HB, the Kb for B– is 10–10. The pH of buffer solution
is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
(1) 10 (2) 7 (3) 6 (4) 4
Sol. Answer (4)
According to Henderson - Hesselbach equation,
[salt] ⎡∵ pK   log K   log1010 ⎤

pOH  pKb  log  10  log1  10 ⎢ b 10 b ⎥
[base] ⎢ and [salt]  [base] ⎥
⎣ ⎦
 pH = 14 – pOH = 14 – 10 = 4

24. The reaction, 2A(g) + B(g)
3C(g) + D(g)
is begun with the concentrations of A and B both at an initial value of 1.00 M. When equilibrium is reached,
the concentration of D is measured and found to be 0.25 M. The value for the equilibrium constant for this
reaction is given by the expression [AIPMT (Mains)-2010]
(1) [(0.75)3(0.25)]  [(1.00)2(1.00)] (2) [(0.75)3(0.25)]  [(0.50)2(0.75)]
(3) [(0.75)3(0.25)]  [(0.50)2(0.25)] (4) [(0.75)3(0.25)]  [(0.75)2(0.25)]
Sol. Answer (2)

2A  B

3C  D

Moles at t  0 1 1 0 0
Moles at equilibrium 1  2x 1 x 3x x
Given : x = 0.25
It is assumed that volume of vessel is 1 L

[C]3 [D]  3  0.25 3  0.25 
Kc   = (0.75)3 (0.25) ÷ (0.5)2 (0.75)
[A]2 [B] 1  0.5 2 1  0.25 
25. The dissociation constants for acetic acid and HCN at 25C are 1.5×10–5 and 4.5×10–10 respectively. The

equilibrium constant for the equilibrium, CN–+ CH COOH
HCN + CH COO– would be
3 3
(1) 3.0 × 10–5 (2) 3.0 × 10–4 (3) 3.0 × 104 (4) 3.0 × 105
Sol. Answer (3)
CN

 CH3COOH
HCN  CH3 COO
○

[HCN]  [CH3COO○ ]
KC 
[CN ] [CH3COOH]

[HCN] [CH3 COO○ ] [H ]
 
[H ] [CN ] [CH3 COOH]
1
  K a(CH
Ka 3COOH)
HCN
1.5  105 1
   105  3.3  104
10 3
4.5  10
26. The ionization constant of ammonium hydroxide is 1.77 × 10–5 at 298 K. Hydrolysis constant of ammonium
chloride is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(1) 6.50 × 10–12 (2) 5.65 × 10–13 (3) 5.65 × 10–12 (4) 5.65 × 10–10
Sol. Answer (4)
Kw
We know, Kh  for salts of strong acid and weak base.
Kb
Given : Kb = 1.77 × 10–5

Kw = 10–14
1014
 Kh   5.65  1010
5
1.77  10
27. What is the [OH–] in the final solution prepared by mixing 20.0 mL of 0.050 M HCl with 30.0 mL of 0.10 M
Ba(OH)2? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(1) 0.40 M (2) 0.0050 M (3) 0.12 M (4) 0.10 M
Sol. Answer (4)
28. The value of equilibrium constant of the reaction
1 1

Hl(g)
H2 (g)  l2 is 8.0. The equilibrium constant of the reaction,

H2(g) + l2(g)
2Hl(g) will be
2 2
1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) 16
8 16 64
Sol. Answer (3)

1 1
Hl
H2  I2 ; K  8
2 2


2 Hl
H2  l2 ; K  64

1
Or, H2  l2 2 Hl ; K 

64
29. Equal volumes of three acid solutions of pH–3, 4 and 5 are mixed in a vessel. What will be the H+ ion
concentration in the mixture? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) 1.11 × 10–3 M (2) 1.11 × 10–4 M (3) 3.7 × 10–4 M (4) 3.7 × 10–3 M
Sol. Answer (3)
Let 1 L of all 3 solutions be mixed together
For solution (1),
pH  3 ⇒ ⎡H ⎤  103
⎣ ⎦
For solution (2),
pH  4 ⇒ ⎡H ⎤  104
⎣ ⎦
For solution (3),
pH  5 ⇒ ⎡H ⎤  105
⎣ ⎦
103  104  105 ⎛ 1.11 ⎞

 Total ⎡H ⎤   103 ⎜ ⎟ = 10 × 0.37 = 3.7 ×10 M
–3 –4
⎣ ⎦ 3 ⎝ 3 ⎠
30. The values of KP and KP for the reactions

1 2

X
Y+Z ...(i)

A
2B ...(ii)
are in ratio of 9:1. If degree of dissociation X and A be equal, then total pressure at equilibrium (i) and (ii) are
in the ratio [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 3:1 (3) 1:9 (4) 36 : 1
Sol. Answer (4)
X

Y  Z

Moles at equilibrium 1    
Total moles = 1 + 
1   
Mole fraction
1  1  1 
⎛ 1  ⎞ ⎛  ⎞ ⎛  ⎞
Partial pressure ⎜ ⎟ P1 ⎜ ⎟ P1 ⎜ ⎟ P1 ; where P1  total pressure
⎝ 1  ⎠ ⎝ 1  ⎠ ⎝ 1  ⎠
2 2
⎛  ⎞ 2 ⎛  ⎞
⎜ 1   ⎟ P1 ⎜ 1  ⎟
 Kp  ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ .P …(1)
1 1    P ⎛ 1  ⎞
1
⎜ 1  ⎟
1    1 ⎝ ⎠

A
2B

At t  0 1 0
Moles at equilibrium 1   2
Total moles = 1 + 
1  2
Mole fraction
1  1 
⎛ 1  ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
Partial pressure ⎜ ⎟ P2 ⎜ 1   ⎟ P2
⎝ 1  ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2 2
⎛ 2 ⎞ 2 ⎛  ⎞
⎜ 1   ⎟ P2 4P2  ⎜ ⎟
 K p2 ⎝ ⎠  ⎝ 1  ⎠ …(2)
1    P ⎛ 1  ⎞
⎜ 1  ⎟
1    2
⎝ ⎠
Dividing (1) by (2), we get
K P1 P1

K P2 4 P2
K P1
Given : K  9
P2
P1
 9
4 P2
P1
  36
P2
1

31. If the concentration of OH– ions in the reaction Fe(OH)3 (s)
Fe3+ (aq) + 3OH– (aq) is decreased by 4
times, then equilibrium concentration of Fe3+ will increase by [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) 4 times (2) 8 times (3) 16 times (4) 64 times
Sol. Answer (4)

32. The dissociation equilibrium of a gas AB2 can be represented as, 2AB2(g)
2AB (g) + B2(g). The degree
of dissociation is 'x' and is small compared to 1. The expression relating the degree of dissociation (x) with
equilibrium constant KP and total pressure P is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
1/3 1/2
⎛ KP ⎞ ⎛ 2K P ⎞ ⎛ 2K P ⎞ ⎛ 2K P ⎞
(1) ⎜ ⎟ (2) ⎜ P ⎟ (3) ⎜ P ⎟ (4) ⎜ P ⎟
⎝ P ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
Sol. Answer (3)
33. Equimolar solutions of the following were prepared in water separately. Which one of the solutions will record
the highest pH? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) CaCl2 (2) SrCl2 (3) BaCl2 (4) MgCl2
Sol. Answer (3)
M  OH2  2 HCl

MCl2  H2O
So weakest base, M(OH)2 will record lowest pH. We know, basicity of group II metals increases down the
group.
 Least basic is Mg(OH)2
 MgCl2 records lowest pH.
34. The following equilibrium constants are given

N2 + 3H2  2NH3 ; K1
N2+ O2  2NO ; K2
1
H2 + O  H2O ; K3
2 2
The equilibrium constant for the oxidation of NH3 by oxygen to give NO is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
K1 K 2 K 2 K 33 K 2 K 32 K 22 K 3
(1) K (2) (3) (4)
3 K1 K1 K1
Sol. Answer (2)
35. Calculate the pOH of a solution at 25C that contains 1×10–10 M of hydronium ions, i.e., H3O+
(1) 1.000 (2) 7.000 (3) 4.000 (4) 9.000
Sol. Answer (3)
[H ]  [H3 O ]  1010
We know, [H+][OH–] = 10–14
1014
 [OH ]   104
1010
 pOH = – log10 (10–4) = 4
36. A weak acid, HA has a Ka of 1.00 × 10–5. If 0.100 mol of this acid is dissolved in one litre of water, the
percentage of acid dissociated at equilibrium is closest to [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(1) 0.100% (2) 99.0% (3) 1.00% (4) 99.9%
Sol. Answer (3)

Let degree of dissociation be x for acid.
 Acid dissociated = 0.1 × x

HA

H
 A
0.1  0.1 x 0.1 x 0.1 x
 0.1 x 2
  K a  105
0.1  0.1x
x << 0.1
0.01 x 2
  105
0.1
 x2 = 10–4
 x = 10–2
 Dissocation = degree of dissociations × 100 = 10–2 × 100 = 1%
37. Which one of the following ionic species has the greatest proton affinity to form stable compound ?
(1) – (2) HS– (3) NH2– (4) F–
Sol. Answer (3)

CO2(g) + 2H2O(l), rH = –170.8 kJ mol–1
38. For the reaction, CH4(g) + 2O2(g)
Which of the following statements is not true ? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) At equilibrium, the concentrations of CO2(g) and H2O(l) are not equal
CO2 
 4  2 
(2) The equilibrium constant for the reaction is given by Kp = CH O
(3) Addition of CH4(g) or O2(g) at equilibrium will cause a shift to the right
(4) The reaction is exothermic
Sol. Answer (2)
pCO2
Kp 
2
pCH4  pO
2
Also, Kp = Kc (RT)n
 Kp = Kc (RT)–2
[CO2 ]
KC 
[CH4 ] [O2 ]2
[CO2 ] 1
 Kp  
2 2 2
[CH4 ] [O2 ] R T
39. Which of the following pairs constitutes a buffer ? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]

(1) HNO2 and NaNO2 (2) NaOH and NaCl (3) HNO3 and NH4NO3 (4) HCl and KCl
Sol. Answer (1)
40. The hydrogen ion concentration of a 10–8 M HCl aqueous solution at 298 K (Kw = 10–14) is
(1) 1.0 × 10–6 M (2) 1.0525 × 10–7 M (3) 9.525 × 10–8 M (4) 1.0 × 10–8 M
Sol. Answer (2)
HCl  H  Cl○

108 108


H2O
H  OH
107 107
 [H ]  107  108  107 1  0.1  1.1 107
41. At 25C, the dissociation constant of a base, BOH, is 1.0 × 10–12. The concentration of hydroxyl ions in 0.01M
aqueous solution of the base would be [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) 2.0 × 10–6 mol L–1 (2) 1.0 × 10–5 mol L–1 (3) 1.0 × 10–6 mol L–1 (4) 1.0 × 10–7 mol L–1
Sol. Answer (4)

BOH

B
 OH
0.01  x x x
[B ] [OH ]
  1012
[BOH]
or, [OH ]2  1012  0.01  x  [∵ [B  ]  [OH ]]  1014
 [OH ]  107
42. Equilibrium constants K1 and K2 for the following equilibria:
1 K1
O NO2(g) and
2 2
NO(g) +
K2

2NO2(g) 2NO(g) + O2(g)
are related as [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
1 K1 1
(1) K2 = (2) K2 = K12 (3) K2 = (4) K2 =
K1 2 K12
Sol. Answer (4)

1 1

K
NO  O2 NO2 ; K c  K1
2

1 1
 NO2 NO 
O2 ; K c 
2 K1

1
2 NO2 2 NO  O2 ; K c  2  K 2

K1
43. H2S gas when passed through a solution of cations containing HCl precipitates the cations of second group
of qualitative analysis but not those belonging to the fourth group. It is because [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) Presence of HCl decreases the sulphide ion concentration
(2) Presence of HCl increases the sulphide ion concentration
(3) Solubility product of group II sulphides is more than that of group IV sulphides
(4) Sulphides of group IV cations are unstable in HCl
Sol. Answer (1)
H2S 2 H+ + S2–
HCl  H+ + Cl
common ion
effect
Because of HCl, S2– is present in low concentration and hence group II elements with very low Ksp values are
precipitated. Group IV elements (sulphides) have higher Ksp values.
44. The dissociation constant of a weak acid is 1 × 10–4. In order of prepare a buffer solution with a pH = 5 the [Salt]/
[Acid] ratio should be
(1) 1 : 10 (2) 4:5 (3) 10 : 1 (4) 5:4
Sol. Answer (3)
Given : Ka = 10–4
 pKa = 4
and pH = 5
According to Henderson – Hasselbalch equation
pH  pK a  log
Salt 
 Acid
or, 5  4  log
Salt 
 Acid
Salt 
 log Acid  1
 
Salt   10

 Acid
45. Which one of the following is not acid-base conjugate pair?
(1) HONO, NO2– (2) CH3NH3+, CH3NH2
(3) C6H5 – COOH, C6H5COO– (4) H3O+, OH–
Sol. Answer (4)
H3 O  H2O  H
Acid conjugate
base
46. For the reactions

I2(aq)
I2(oil) Equilibrium constant is K1

I2(oil)
I2(ether) Equilibrium constant is K2
for the reaction

I2(aq)
I2(ether) Equilibrium constant is K3
The relation between K1, K2, K3 is
(1) K3 = K1 + K2 (2) K3 = K1K2 (3) K3 = K1/K2 (4) K3 = K2/K1
Sol. Answer (2)
l2  aq 
l2  oil 

; K1
l2  oil  l2  ehter  ; K 2

Adding ,
l2  aq
l2  ether  ; K c  K1  K 2

…(1)
Given : l2  aq

l2  ether  ; K c  K 3

1
 l2  ether 
l2  aq ; K c 

…(2)
K3
Comparing (1) and (2)

1
K3 
K1  K 2
47. Given exothermic reaction

CoCl24 (aq)  6H2 O(l) 2
[Co(H2O)6 ]  4Cl

Which one of the following will decrease the equilibrium concentration of CoCl24 ?
(1) Addition of HCl (2) Addition of Co(NO3)2

(3) The solution is diluted with water (4) The temperature is increased
Sol. Answer (3)
If H2O is added , then as per Le- Chatelier principle CoCl24 decreases.
48. For preparing a buffer solution of pH = 7.0, which buffer system you will choose?
(1) H3PO 4 , H2PO 4– (2) H2PO 4– , HPO 2–

4
(3) HPO 2– 3–
4 , PO 4
(4) H3PO 4 , PO3–
4
Sol. Answer (2)
H2PO4 and HPO24 would be the ideal choice for preparing a buffer since these can function as both Bronsted
acids and bases.
49. For a chemical reaction of the type

A B, K = 2.0 and B C, K = 0.01
Equilibrium constant for the reaction 2C 2A is
(1) 25 (2) 50 (3) 2500 (4) 4 × 10–4
Sol. Answer (3)

B ; K2
A
B

C ; K  0.01

C ; K  2  0.01  0.02
Adding, A

1
 A ; K
C
0.02
2

⎛ 1 ⎞
2A ; K  ⎜
2C ⎟  2500
⎝ 0.02 ⎠
50. A solution is 0.1 M with respect to Ag+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+ which will precipitate at lowest concentration of
[PO3–
4 ]
when solution of Na3PO4 is added?
(1) Ag3PO4(Ksp = 1 × 10–6) (2) Ca3(PO4)2(Ksp = 1 × 10–33)
(3) Mg3(PO4)2(Ksp = 1 × 10–24) (4) AlPO4(Ksp = 1 × 10–20)
Sol. Answer (4)
For at PO4, Ksp = 10–20
 ⎡ Al3 ⎤ ⎡PO3 ⎤  1020

⎣ ⎦⎣ 4 ⎦  At saturation point 
3 19
Or, ⎡⎣PO4 ⎤⎦  10
3 19
So, If ⎡⎣PO4 ⎤⎦  10
 Ionic product of AlPO4 becomes greater than solubility product of AlPO4 and if gets precipitated. For other
3
salts, concentration of ⎡⎣PO4 ⎤⎦ is higher than 10–19 at saturation.
51. Which one of the following species acts only as a base?

(1) H2S (2) HS– (3) S2– (4) H2O
Sol. Answer (3)
S2– can act as a base only since it cannot give out any H+ ion.
52. At 100°C the K w of water is 55 times its value at 25°C. What will be the pH of neutral solution?
(log 55 = 1.74)
(1) 6.13 (2) 7.00 (3) 7.87 (4) 5.13
Sol. Answer (1)
Given : Kw = 55 × 10–14
  14
or, ⎡⎣H ⎤⎦ ⎡⎣OH ⎤⎦  55  10
1
 
⎡H ⎤  55  1014
⎣ ⎦  2  7.4  107
 pH = – log (7.4 × 10–7) = 7 – log 7.4 = 6.13
53. Which one of the following is most soluble?
(1) Bi2S3 (Ksp = 1 × 10–70) (2) Ag2S (Ksp = 6 × 10–51)
(3) CuS (Ksp = 8 × 10–37) (4) MnS (Ksp = 7 × 10–16)
Sol. Answer (4)
MnS  s 
Mn  aq  S  aq

2 2
1 S S S
Ksp = S2 = 7 × 10–16
 S = 2.6 × 10–8
For the other salts, value of S(solubility) is lesser than 2.6 × 10–8
54. At 80°C, distilled water has [H3O+] concentration equal to 1 × 10–6 mole/litre. The value of Kw at this temperature
will be
(1) 1 × 10–12 (2) 1 × 10–15 (3) 1 × 10–6 (4) 1 × 10–9
Sol. Answer (1)
⎡H ⎤  106 M
⎣ ⎦
Since, water is distilled,
⎡OH ⎤  ⎡H ⎤  106

 ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
 K w  ⎡H ⎤  ⎡OH ⎤  106  106 M2  1012 M2

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
55. The pH value of blood does not appreciably change by a small addition of an acid or a base, because the
blood
(1) Can be easily coagulated (2) Contains iron as a part of the molecule
(3) Is a body fluid (4) Contains serum protein which acts as buffer
Sol. Answer (4)
Blood contains serum protein which acts as buffer. The pH of blood is 7.4.
56. The pH value of 10–7 M solution HCl is

(1) Equal to 1 (2) Equal to 2 (3) Less than 7 (4) Equal to 0
Sol. Answer (3)
HCl  H 
 Cl○
In 1L solution 0 107 107

Also,

H2O
H  OH
107
 ⎡H ⎤  10 7  107  2  107

⎣ ⎦
 pH   log ⎡H ⎤  7,log 2  6.7

⎣ ⎦
57. Standard state Gibb’s free energy change for isomerization reaction cis-2-pentene trans-2-pentene is –3.67
kJ/mol at 400 K. If more trans-2-pentene is added to the reaction vessel, then
(1) Equilibrium remains unaffected
(2) Equilibrium is shifted in the forward direction
(3) More cis-2-pentene is formed
(4) Additional trans-2-pentene is formed
Sol. Answer (3)
According to Le-Chatelier principle, when more product is added at equilibrium, equilibrium shifts towards left.
58. The equilibrium constant for the reaction
N2 + 3H2 2NH3 is K, then the equilibrium constant for the equilibrium 2NH3 N2 + 3H2 is
1 1 1
(1) K (2)
K
(3)
K
(4)
K2
Sol. Answer (3)
N2  3 H2

2 NH3 ; K c  K

1
 2 NH3 N2
 3H2 ; K c 
K
59. The ionic product of water at 25°C is 10–14. Its ionic product at 90°C will be
(1) 1 × 10–14 (2) 1 × 10–16 (3) 1 × 10–20 (4) 1 × 10–12
Sol. Answer (4)
Ionic product of water = 10–14 at 25°C when temperature is increased, H2O molecules dissociate more into H+
  

and OH–, and hence Kw increases ∵ K w  ⎡⎣H ⎤⎦ ⎡⎣OH ⎤⎦ only one favourable option is there, i.e., 10–12
60. If  is degree of dissociation, then the total number of moles for the reaction starting with 1 mole of HI 2HI =
H2 + I2 will be
(1) 1 (2) 1– (3) 2 (4) 2–
Sol. Answer (1)

2 Hl
H2
 l2
Number of moles at  
1 
equilibrium 2 2
 
 Total number of moles = 1     1
2 2
61. Which of the following is not a Lewis acid?

(1) SiF4 (2) C2H4 (3) BF3 (4) FeCl3
Sol. Answer (2)
C2H4 is not a Lewis acid since it does not have a vacant orbital to accept electrons.
62. The solubility product of CuS, Ag2S and HgS are 10–31, 10–44, 10–54 respectively. The solubilities of these
sulphides are in the order
(1) HgS > Ag2S > CuS (2) CuS > Ag2S > HgS
(3) Ag2S > CuS > HgS (4) AgS > HgS > CuS
Sol. Answer (3)
2

CuS
Cu  S2 
1 S S S
 Ksp = S2 = 10–31
 S = 3 × 10–16


Ag2S
2 Ag  S2 
1 S 2S S
Ksp = 4S3 = 10–44

 S  10–15
2

HgS
Hg  S2 
1 S S S
 Ksp = S2
 S = 10–27
 Solubility is in the order
Ag2S > CuS > HgS
63. If K1 and K2 are the respective equilibrium constants for the two reactions,
XeF6(g) + H2O(g) XeOF4(g) + 2HF(g)
XeO4(g) + XeF6(g) XeOF4(g) + XeO3F2(g).

The equilibrium constant of the reaction,
XeO4(g) + 2HF(g) XeO3F2(g) + H2O(g), will be
K1 K1 K2
(1) K (2) K1 · K2 (3) 2
(4)
2 (K 2 ) K1
Sol. Answer (4)

XeF6  H2O
XeOF4  2HF ; K c  K1

1
 XeOF4  2 HF
XeF6  H2O ; K c 
K1

XeO 4  XeF6
XeOF4  XeO3F2 ; K c  K 2
Adding the above 2 equations,

1
XeO4  2 HF
XeO3F2  H2O ; K c  K 2 
K1
64. The concentration of [H+] and concentration of [OH– ] of a 0.1 M aqueous solution of 2% ionised weak acid is [ionic
product of water = 1 × 10–14]
(1) 2 × 10–3 M and 5 × 10–12 M (2) 1 × 10–3 M and 3 × 10–11 M
(3) 0.02 × 10–3 M and 5 × 10–11 M (4) 3 × 10–2 M and 4 × 10–13 M
Sol. Answer (1)
Given HA is a weak acid with 2% ionisation.

HA

H
 A
2 2 2
0.1   0.1  0.1  0.1
100 100 100
[H+] = 2 × 10–3
We know, [H+] [OH–] = 10–14
1014 1014
 [OH ]    5  1012
[H ] 2  103
65. The values of Ksp of CaCO3 and CaC2O4 are 4.7 × 10–9 and 1.3 × 10–9 respectively at 25°C. If the mixture of
these two is washed with water, what is the concentration of Ca2+ ions in water?
(1) 7.746 × 10–5 M (2) 5.831 × 10–5 M (3) 6.856 × 10–5 M (4) 3.606 × 10–5 M
Sol. Answer (1)
CaCO3  Ca2  CO32

x x
CaC2O 4  Ca2  C2O24

y y
K sp CaCO3   x  y  . x  4.7  109 …(1)
K sp CaC2O4   x  y  . y  1.3  109 …(2)
Adding equation (1) & (2)

(x + y)2 = 10–9 × 6
 x + y = 7.745 × 10–5
66. The solubility of a saturated solution of calcium fluoride is 2 × 10–4 moles per litre. Its solubility product is
(1) 22 × 10–11 (2) 14 × 10–4 (3) 2 × 10–2 (4) 32 × 10–12
Sol. Answer (4)
2
CaF2

Ca
 2 F
1 S S 2S
Ksp = 4 S3
Given : S = 2 × 10–4 M
 Ksp = 4 × (2 × 10–4)3 = 32 × 10–12
67. Equilibrium constant Kp for following reaction
MgCO3(s) MgO(s) + CO2(g)
PCO2  PMgO
(1) K p  PCO (2) K p  PCO2 
2 PMgCO3
PCO2  PMgO PMgCO3

(3) K p  (4) Kp 
PMgCO3 PCO2  PMgO
Sol. Answer (1)
Given : MgCO3 MgO  S   CO2  g

Kp  pCO2
Other two are neglected since they are solids and do not exert appreciable pressure.
68. Correct relation between dissociation constants of a di-basic acid
1
(1) K a1  K a2 (2) K a1  K a2 (3) K a1  K a2 (4) K a1 
K a2
Sol. Answer (2)

For a dibasic acid,
K a1  K a2
because losing H+ from a negatively charged species is difficult due to electrostatic force of attraction.
69. Conjugate acid of NH2–

(1) NH4OH (2) NH4+ (3) NH2– (4) NH3
Sol. Answer (4)
NH2  H

NH3
conjugate
Base
acid
70. Which statement is wrong about pH?

(1) pH of pure water is not zero
(2) Adding 1 N, solution of CH3COOH and 1 N NaOH pH will be seven
(3) pH of dilute and hot H2SO4 is less than 7
(4) Mixing solution of CH3COOH and HCl, pH will be less than 7
Sol. Answer (2)
CH3COOH is weak acid
Hence 1 N CH3COOH would not dissociate to give completely 1 g equivalent of H+.
On the other hand, NaOH is strong and hence 1 N NaOh gives 1 g equivalent of OH– ions.
 There would be an excess of OH– ions and pH will therefore be more than 7.
71. In HS–, I–, R – NH2, NH3 order of proton accepting tendency will be
(1) I– > NH3 > R – NH2 > HS– (2) NH3 > R – NH2 > HS– > I–
(3) R – NH2 > NH3 > HS– > I– (4) HS– > R – NH2 > NH3 > I–
Sol. Answer (3)
Order of acidity is
H l > H2S > NH3 > R NH2
 
Hl

H  I○
conjugate
Acid
base
We know, stronger the acid, weaker the conjugate base.
Hence, strength of bases follows the order
RNH2 > NH3 > SH– > I–
72. Ionisation constant of CH3COOH is 1.7 × 10–5 and concentration of H+ ions is 3.4 × 10–4. Then find out initial
concentration of CH3COOH molecules
(1) 3.4 × 10–4 (2) 3.4 × 10–3 (3) 6.8 × 10–4 (4) 6.8 × 10–3
Sol. Answer (4)


CH3 COOH
CH3COO
○
 H
1 x x x
Given : x = 3.4 × 10–4
[CH3 COO ] [H ]

 Ka 
[CH3 COOH]
[CH3 COO ] [H ]
or, [CH3 COOH] 
Ka
x2 3.4  3.4  108

   6.8  103
5 5
1.7  10 1.7  10
73. Solution of 0.1 N NH4OH and 0.1 N NH4Cl has pH 9.25. Then find out pKb of NH4OH
(1) 9.25 (2) 4.75 (3) 3.75 (4) 8.25
Sol. Answer (2)
According to Henderson-Hasselbalch equation,
[salt]
pOH  pKb  log
[base]
NH4Cl (salt)  0.1 N
NH4OH (base)  0.1 N
[salt]
 1
[base]
[salt]
 log 0
[base]
 pKb = pOH = 14 – pH = 14 – 9.25 = 4.75
74. Which one of the following compounds is not a protonic acid?
(1) B(OH)3 (2) PO(OH)3 (3) SO(OH)2 (4) SO2(OH)2
Sol. Answer (1)
B  OH3  orthoboric acid is not a protonic acid i.e. if does not donate protons on its own.
B  OH3  H2O  [B(OH)4 ]  H

○
It reacts with water to accept OH and hence water gives out H+.
75. The reaction quotient (Q) for the reaction
[NH3 ] 2
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) is given by Q  . The reaction will proceed from right to left if
[N 2 ][H 2 ] 3
(1) Q = Kc (2) Q < Kc (3) Q > Kc (4) Q=0

Sol. Answer (3)
Reaction proceeds in forward direction only when Q < Kc.
and in reverse direction when Q > Kc
76. The solubility product of AgI at 25°C is 1.0 × 10–16 mol2 L–2. The solubility of AgI in 10–4 M solution of KI at 25ºC is
approximately (in mol L–1)
(1) 1.0 × 10–16 (2) 1.0 × 10–12 (3) 1.0 × 10–10 (4) 1.0 × 10–8
Sol. Answer (2)
Let S be the solubility of AgI
AgI Ag  I
ln 1 L
solution
1 S S S  10  4
–4
Because of 10 M
Kl solution
 Ksp = S (S + 10–4)
or, S2 + 10–4 ×S = 10–16
∵ S2 is very small, so it is neglected.
16
Hence, S  10  1012 mol L1
104
77. The solubility product of a sparingly soluble salt AX2 is 3.2 × 10–11. Its solubility (in moles/litre) is
(1) 5.6 × 10–6 (2) 3.1 ×10–4 (3) 2 × 10–4 (4) 4 × 10–4
Sol. Answer (3)
2

AX2
A  2X
1 S S 2S
 Ksp = 4 S3 = 3.2 × 10–11

 S = 2 × 10–4 mol L–1
78. The rapid change of pH near the stoichiometric point of an acid-base titration is the basis of indicator detection.
pH of the solution is related to ratio of the concentration of the conjugate acid (HIn) and base (In–) forms of
the indicator by the expression
[ln – ] [Hln]
(1) log  pK ln  pH (2) log  pK ln  pH
[HIn] [In – ]
[Hln] [ln – ]
(3) log  pH  pK ln (4) log  pH  pK ln
[In – ] [HIn]
Sol. Answer (4)

 The indicator is acting as an Bronsted acid so we can apply Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
[salt]
pH  pK a  log
[acid]
[salt] = [conjugate base] = [ln–]
[Acid] = [Hln]
pKa = pKln
[ln ]
 pH  pKln  log
[Hln]
79. What is the correct relationship between the pHs of isomolar solutions of sodium oxide (pH1), sodium sulphide
(pH2), sodium selenide (pH3) and sodium telluride (pH4)?
(1) pH1 > pH2 > pH3 > pH4 (2) pH1 > pH2  pH3 > pH4
(3) pH1 < pH2 < pH3 < pH4 (4) pH1 < pH2 < pH3  pH4
Sol. Answer (1)
Na2O  2H2O  2NaOH  H2O
Na2S  H2O  2NaOH  H2S
Na2Se  H2O  2 NaOH  H2 e
Na2 Te  H2O  2 NaOH  H2 Te

Out of the acids formed, acidic strength is of the order
H2Te > H2Se > H2S > H2O
 pH follows the order
H2Te < H2Se < H2S < H2O
 Solution of sodium compounds follow this order of pH
Na2 Te  Na2Se  Na2S  Na2O

 pH4 < pH3 < pH2 < pH1
80. Which of the following molecules acts as a Lewis acid?

(1) (CH3)3 N (2) (CH3)3 B (3) (CH3)2 O (4) (CH3)3 P
Sol. Answer (2)
B(CH3 )3 has vacant p-orbital and hence can accept a lone pair of electrons.
SECTION - D
Assertion - Reason Type Questions
1. A : At higher temperature, Kw of water remains unaltered.
R : Kw is a constant.
Sol. Answer (4)
At higher temperature, H2O dissociates more and hence Kw value increases.
i.e., Kw is dependant upon temperature.
2. A : HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4 are equally strong acids in water.

R : Water is a stronger acid than alcohols.
Sol. Answer (2)
HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4 are almost equally strong in water. They have close values of pKa.
Also, H2O is stronger acikd than alcohol.
3. A : Increasing the concentration of H2 will increase magnitude of equilibrium constant of the reaction
H2 + I2 2HI
R : Value of KC depends upon the concentration of reactants and products taken.
Sol. Answer (4)
Value of K c indeed depends upon concentration of products and reactants at equilibrium, not initial
concentration. But in the given equation, increase in concentration of H2 or I2 or Hl will not affect the equilibrium
constant.
4. A : Increasing the temperature, increases [H+] concentration in water.

R : Water is acidic at higher temperature.
Sol. Answer (3)
Upon increasing temperature, H+ concentration increases, but so does OH– concentration. Overall, water
remains neutral as [H+] = [OH–]
5. A : Solution of CH3COONH4 is a buffer solution.

R : H+ ion added will be consumed by CH3COO– ion and OH– ion added will be consumed by NH4+ ion.
Sol. Answer (1)

CH3 COO○ NH
4 is a buffer solution since.
CH3COO○ NH
4  CH3COO○  NH4
CH3COOH NH4OH

When H+ is added, CH3 COO○ takes up H+ ion and when OH– is added, NH
4 consumes it.
6. A : Ksp is a constant value for any salt, at particular temperature.

R : Solubility of any salt is constant at a particular temperature.
Sol. Answer (1)
At a particular temperature and solvent, Ksp is constant because solubility of salts depend upon temperature.
7. A : H3O+ ion from water is also taken in consideration while calculating the pH of very dilute solution (say
concentration = 10–9 M) of acid.
R : [H3O+] from water is only available in very dilute solution of acid.
Sol. Answer (3)
For very dilute solution of acid, dissociation of water is also taken into account.
For 10–9 M acid.
H ions  107  109
Due to Due to
water acid
This H3O+ ion due to water is present in all acidic solutions. At higher acid concentrations, we neglect this
10–7 M value for convenience in calculation.
8. A : pH of 10–8 M HCl solution is approx 6.9.

R : HCl is a strong acid.
Sol. Answer (2)
HCl is indeed a strong acid.
For 10–8 M solution of HCL
[H ]  108  107  1.1 107
Due to
water
 pH = – log10 [H+] = 6.9
9.

A : For equilibrium Ice
Water on increasing temperature and pressure more of water will form.
R : Forward reaction is endothermic and volume decreases on product side.

Sol. Answer (1)

Heat  ice
water
On increasing pressure, volume decreases. For water, decrease in volume of water is less (∵ density increase)
 Concentration of ice increases with respect to water, hence equilibrium shifts towards right.
Also, reaction is endothermic, hence increase in temperature results in melting of ice.
10. A : At equilibrium concentration of the reactant and product does not change with time for a chemical reaction.
R : The rate of reaction is zero at equilibrium.
Sol. Answer (3)
The rate of forward reaction = rate of backward reaction
The above condition denotes equilibrium
So, the concentration of reactants and products remain constant and do not change with time.
11. A : pH of 0.1 M HCl solution is less than 0.1 M HCN solution.
R : In equimolar solutions, the number of ionisable H+ present in HCl is less than present in HCN solution.
Sol. Answer (3)
HCl is stronger acid than HCN
 pH of HCl is lesser than pH of HCN when both are equimolar.
Number of ionisable H+ is 1 for both HCl and HCN
12. A : A catalyst does not alter the equilibrium constant of a reaction.

R : A catalyst does not alter the position of chemical equilibrium.
Sol. Answer (2)
A catalyst neither alters position of chemical equilibrium, nor does it alter the equilibrium constant. It just
facilitates the reaction.
13. A : pH of equimolar solution of NH4Cl and NH4OH does not change when small amount of HCl is added to it.
R : pOH of above solution is equal to pKb of the buffer.
Sol. Answer (2)
Equimolar solution of NH4Cl and NH4OH acts as buffer. So when HCl is added in small amount, it resists
change in pH.
Again, applying Henderson-Hasselbalch equation,
[salt]
pOH  pKb  log
[base]
 [salt] = [base]
 pOH = pKb

14. A : The reaction 2NO(g) + O2(g)
2NO2(g) is favoured in the forward direction with increase of pressure.
R : The above reaction is exothermic.
Sol. Answer (2)
The given reaction is exothermic. When pressure increases, equilibrium shifts towards the side of lower number
of gaseous moles.
15. A : pH of 1 M NaCl solution is 7 at 25ºC.

R : pH of this solution decreases when it is diluted 100 times.
Sol. Answer (3)
When a solution is diluted, there would not be any effect, just the solubility of NaCl would increase.
This is because NaCl is neutral in H2O as it is made up of a strong acid and a strong base.
16. A : CO2 is a Lewis acid.

R : H2SO4 is Arrhenius acid as well as Bronsted acid.
Sol. Answer (2)
H2SO4 is Arrhenius as well as Bronsted acid since if releases H+ ions.
Also, CO2 is a Lewis acid because of oxygen atoms which are highly electronegative.
  
OCO
17. A : For H2CO3 Ka < Ka2.

1
R : H2CO3 is weaker acid than HCO3–.
Sol. Answer (4)
For any acid, K a1  K a2
i.e., H2CO3 would be a stronger acid than HCO3 due to electrostatic force of attraction in the latter.
18. A : pH of mixture of 0.1 M HCN and 0.05 M NaOH is less than 7.

R : HCN is a weak acid and NaOH is a strong base.
Sol. Answer (2)
HCN is a weak acid and NaOH is a strong base.
 A mixture of HCN(0.1 M) and NaOH (0.05 M) should be greater than 7. So answer is (1).
19. A : Solubility of AgCl is more in NH3 than in pure water.

R : Common ion effect decreases the concentration of Cl– when NH3 is added to 0.1 M AgCl solution.
Sol. Answer (3)
Solubility of AgCl is more in NH3 than in pure water because it forms a complex

AgCl  NH3  ⎡⎣ Ag NH3 2 ⎤⎦ Cl
There are no common ions in a solution containing AgCl and NH3.
20. A : Precipitate formation takes place when Kip > Ksp.

R : Kip = Ksp for a saturated solution.
Sol. Answer (2)
Precipitate is formed only when ionic product > solubility product.
For a saturated solution,
Klp = Ksp


7 Equilibrium: Solutions

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

7 Equilibrium: Solutions

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 7

[C][D]2 [C] [A 2 ][B]2 [A 2 ][B]2

(1) N2O4(g) 2NO2(g) (2) H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)

(3) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (4) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) PCl5(g)

3. In which of the following does the reaction go almost to completion?

5. Kp is how many times equal to Kc for the given reaction?

7. For reaction, 2A + B 2C, K = x. Equilibrium constant for C A + 1/2B

8. XY2 dissociates as,

XY2(g) XY(g) + Y(g)

Ptotal = 600 – P + P + P = 600 + P

 Ptotal = 1000 + P = 1500

[NO] [CO2 ] x2 0.5  0.5 1

20. Given the reaction,

2X(g) + Y(g) Z(g) + 80 kcal

Number of moles ionized

Given, x  3.2  0.2

23. At 100°C, Kw = 10–12. pH of pure water at 100°C will be

[H ] [A  ] 106  106

NH3  H2O  NH4 OH

Given : x = 1.34 × 10–3

 NaOH  Na  OH

Number of g equivalents  0.01  0.01

29. The pH of a solution is zero. The solution is

31. The pH of 0.016 M NaOH solution is

33. For a acid 'A' pH = 2 and for acid 'B' pH is 4. Then

34. The addition of solid sodium carbonate to pure water causes

NaOH  Na   OH

CH3COONa and CH3COOH

Weak acid + Strong base Weak acid

NH4OH and NH4Cl

Weak base Weak base + Strong acid

Where NH4OH is formed as follows

NH3  H2O  NH4 OH

Strong acid + weak base  Acidic salt

37. The following reactions are known to occur in the body

38. Which of the following salts undergoes hydrolysis?

39. Which will undergo cationic hydrolysis?

Acidic salt undergoes cationic hydrolysis NH4 2 SO4

40. A 0.1 N solution of sodium bicarbonate has a pH value of

Sol. Answer (1)

42. pH of a salt of a strong base with weak acid

43. Which relation is correct for NH4Cl?

46. The correct representation for the Ksp of SnS2 is

48. Precipitation occurs only if I.P (Ionic Product)

50. An example of a salt dissolved in water to give acidic solution is

[CO 32 – ] [K 2CO3 ] [BaSO 4 ] [SO 24– ]

Sol. Answer (4)

 Both K2SO4 and K2SO3 are strong electrolytes

Number of moles dissociated

3. Ammonium carbamate dissociates as

Sol. Answer (2)

NH2COONH4

NH2COONH4 2NH3  CO2

Same as previous total pressure

 At equilibrium moles of NH3  2n  2  

A(g) + B(g) C(g) is

(1) 0.66 (2) 0.066 (3) 66 (4) 6.6

At equilibrium, [C] = 0.5 mol L–1

6. The number of hydrogen ions in 10 ml of a solution with pH = 13 is

 Number of H+ ions = 6.023 × 10–15 × 1023

 QC < KC  Reaction proceeds in forward direction.

8. Solid ammonium carbamate dissociated according to the given reaction