Effect of Partially Oriented Yarn (PET) Properties

on False Twist Texturing (FTT) Process

Mr. U. A. Malek
Lecturer, The Maharaja Sayajirao University ofBaroda
He is M.Text (Engg.) having 15 years ofindustrial experience as a Spinning Assistant &
7 years of experience of teaching as lecturer. He presented papers on "Role of IT in
Textiles."- National symposium organized by Computer society of India at Vallabh
vidhyanagar - March 2001 and "Technical Teaching Versatile Spectrum Covered in a
Small Pond" - for 33"' !STE Annual Convention & National Seminar (27-30 Sept'2003) at
Kumarguru College of Engineering and Technology at Coimbatore. He has also published
papers on "Applications of Textiles in Automotive Industry") in Textile Trade-A Textile
Mr. U. A. Malek Journal and "Effect of Extra Feed roller on Intermingled Textured Yam" in Man made
Textiles in India by Mantra. He attended NCUTE extension programme on 'Man Made
Fibres' held at Textile Engg. Deptt. Faculty of Tech. & Engg. and NCUTE extension
training programme on "Drawing, Combing & Roving" held at ATIRA, Ahmedabad.

Dr. S.S. Bhattacharya (Professor & HOD), Shri U.A. Malek (Lecturer) Textile Engineering Department,
ulty of Tech. & Engg. , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda and Vasani Mukesh G. (M.Text. Engg)

l. INTRODUCTION: -
the manufacture of polymeric fibers, the polymeric in The form of a melt solution is
uirted under pressure through capillaries having diameters typically in the ranges of
2 to 0.004 mm and lengths either equal to or three to four times the diameter. The
·d comes out of the capillaries as a thread. It is pulled rapidly on to a winder as it is
nuated and solidified to a thin filament of gradually reducing cross section which
· ately acquires a final uniform cross sectional shape or a constant diameter. ( A
ical final diameter is 0.002 cm or 20 micrometer}
ainly three types of spinning processes are well known established as follows: <4)
Dry Spinning: Here, solution is extruded through spinneret and the solidification of
the jet is being achieved by solvent evaporation by hot gases e.g. cellulosic fibers.
et Spinning : Here, solution is solidified by chemical coagulation e.g. Acrylic,
PAN.
_ lelt .spinning: Here, jet solidification is done by freezing. e.g. PET, N-6, N-66.
pinning is the youngest and most economical of the above three processes. To
rstand the properties of the yam and process ability before & after yam production it
ry important of understand the structural principal of the textile fibers.

RUCTURAL PRINCIPLES OF TEXTILE FIBERS :

nderstanding of the chemical and physical structure of fibers is critical to an
iation of their properties and nature again provides the lead in this regard.
olecular Size and Interaction:
:nany synthetic poly amides and polyester fibres formation becomes possible at a
ular weight of about 5000 g/mol, and the values above about 1 0000 g/mol,
ercially fibers can be made. The larger the molecule, the more difficult it will be
to separate from their neighbors and therefore the higher the fracture

33
(ii) Chemical Structure:
Mainly three or two points are immediate interest :
A. The rigidity of the chin.
B. the Intensity of the intermolecular forces.

(iii) Molecular Orientation and Crystallinity in fibers:

Higher molecular weight alone will not ensure desirable mechanical properties. The
degree of orientation of the fiber is also crucial a higher orientation means greater
resistance of deformation greater breaking loan and relative lower breaking extension.
These attributes render the fibre more suitable for the desired uses.

(iv) Requirement offibres forming polymer:

The fact that only a limited number of synthetic polymer (PET, nylon66, nylon6, acrylics
and now up to certain extent PP) has succeed as large tonnage fibre forming polymer can
be explained in two fonts:
• The fust is the technological angle, which has been partly developed in this
contribution as an interplay of an optimum molecular weight with adequate
intermolecular forces and the capacity of orientation reinforcement of the structure
through molecular alignment.
• The second is the economic considerations of producing large tonnage materials give
the established fibre forming polymers a tremendous advantage over newer material
because of their tested usefulness. In terms long year of use and availability of R& D
data that has been generated over these years.
All useful fibers are semi crystalline and oriented.
f
(v) Molecular Weight:
The actual limits of molecular are:
• On the basis of properties requirement,
• On the basis process ability.
(iv) Fibre Morphology:
The Percentage contribution of amorphous & crystalline phase plays a very' important
role in deciding the fibre properties. The crystallites make a significant. contribution to
the macroscopic stiffness, strength, durability, thermal resistance and stability of the
fibre. The amorphous-phase which is more loosely packed compared with the crystalline
phase, contributes mainly to the extensibility, pliability recovery, moisture uptake and
dye ability it needs to be emphasized that a 100 percent crystalline polymeric fibre -
{If at all such fibre could be made) would be of little use as a textile fibre).

1.2 THERMAL TRANSITIONS : -

The important thermal transition in semi crystalline polymer are the "Glass Transition"
(TG) & "Melting Point" (TM). Tg is related to amorphous and Tm relates to crystalline
phase. Tm is a primary transaction involving change of phase from solid to liquid. Tg is a
secondary transition molecules are glass like below Tg because of very limited molecular
mobility and rubber like above Tg when large segments of the molecule) are becomes
mobile.

34
Table 1 : -The Tg and Tm values of some polymers:
Polymer Tg (UC) Tm(0 C)
PE -120 -120
Isostatic PP -10 176
Poly Butadiene -73 --
Cis- Polyisoprene (Natural 100 --
Rubber)
Atatic Poly 100 240

styrene(Semicrystalline)
PVC(lsostatic) 87 227
Poly ( ethelene terephthalate) 69 265
Nylon6 50 220
PAN 100 320

1.3 MELT FLOW CHARACTERISTICS:

The production of spun filaments by melt spinning involves fluid flow in the spinneret
channel where the fluid is at a constant temperature appreciably above melting point of
the polymer and undergoes shear flow within the confined walls of channel. As the fluid
emerges from the spinneret exit in the form of filament and before it is wound up on a
pool under an axial force and undergoes an elongational flow.

(i) Shear flow:

In a spinning head of the melt spinning line, the melt has to pass a capillary where it take
the shape of a fibre.
Factors affecting shear Viscosity.:
• Effect of temperature :
• Effect of the molecular weight:
• Effect of molecular structure:
• Effect of pressure:

1.4 SPINNABILITY & FLOW INSTABILITY:

(a) Spin ability : -
A fluid is spin able under given deformation condition if steady state continuous
elongation of the fluid jet proceeds without a break of any kind.

(b) Flow Instability: -

One of the primary concern of the fibre industry is to produce filaments with uniform
diameter of cross section. Flow instabilities can introduce non-uniformity and are
therefore to be avoided. The main flow instabilities that arise during fibre spinning can be
considered under two headings:
• Dieswell and melt fracture
• Draw resonance:

35
2. UNDERSTANDING THE RAW MATERIAL (PET P.O.Y.):-
A lot of scientific study were conducted on texturing from drawn multifilament yarn not
only for optimization of process parameter but also for understanding the effect of macro
and microstructure of the raw material that is that parent yam. Theses studies clearly
established that during the thermo-mechanical false twist texturing process partial
melting of crystals and re crystallization takes p]ace during process of thermal setting
essentially entails following three events:

• Breaking of inter molecular bonds.

• Rearrangement of molecular chains of the polyester energetically favorable
configuration.
• Stabilization of the new configuration.
• The partial melting of crystalline in the semi crystalline textile signifies the enhance
mobility imparted to molecules, enabling them to reorganize by way of either
crystallization or disorientation. Both of which are thermodynamically favorable
processes. Naturally, the foremost conclusion that came out of i::tensive research
work was, that
(i) The parent yam should have as less crystallinity as possible to reduce time
of texturing.
(ii) The parent yam should have as much high orientation as possible because
false twist texturing process "Twist set de twist is a disorienting process,
and
(ii) The parent yam should have low specific heat and high conductivity to
enable high rate of heating and cooling.
2.1 POLYESTER MELT SPINNING LINE:
• Chips conveying unit:
• Chips drying unit:
• The main Spinning line:
Performance of P.O.Y.Plant mainly. divided in to two categories as follows:
• Production performance
• Dowm Stream Performance
(1) Production Performance includes:
(i) Minimum target properties deviation
(ii) B, Minimum waste % & Maximum production
(iii)C. Minimum down gradation.
(2) Downstream performance includes the various subsequent P.O. Y. Processes like:
• Draw-Texturing Process.
• Draw Winding Process.
• Draw Warping Process.
• Draw Twisting Process.
Here, draw-texturing process is taken into consideration for study purpose.

36
2.2 TRIAL PROCEDURE :
Trial conducted on Barmag P.O.Y. Plant equipped with godet system with Chips
dryer by "Sathe Engineering"
Base denier taken 130/36 S.D. on basis of texturising feed material consideration
One merge number selected & parameter optimization done based on above
mentioned P.O. Y. Performance.
10 Samples from 10 different positions with different ends are taken & all P.O. Y.
Properties done which includes:
(a) Denier
(b) Tenacity
( c ) Elongation %
(d) Boiling Water Shrinkage%
(e) Draw Tension
(t) Uster %
(g) Oil Pick up %

(5) Also all above samples physical checking done which includes B.F., loops, package
faults etc
(6) All above collected data statistical analysis done and presented in form of tabular
forms as well as presented in graph form.
(7) With same denier another two merge number selected based on different type of chips
supplied by different manufacturer and parameter optimization done keeping all other
parameters & settings same which are not affected during optimization and repeated steps
(4) to (7) for both merge numbers.
(8) All 30 trials spools (10 spools from each merge number) are run on "Himson HDS
CX2" machine with optimized process parameters.
(9) Properties of textured yam are checked including Denier, Tenacity, Elongation%,
B.W.S.% and dye shade depth, Also. Physical checking of textured yam spools done
which includes B.F., loops,. package faults etc.
(10) All above collected data's statistical analysis done and all presented in tabular forms
as well as presented in graph forms.
( 11 ) Then, finally all three merge numbers are compared in term of very' aspect of
performance & conclusion drawn.

TRIAL CONDUCTED ON MACHINES HAVING FOLLOWNIG P.O. Y. PLANT MACHINE

SPECIFICATIONS :

T a ble 2 : C onveym2 S 1ystem S1oec:ifiti

1ca on:
Sr. System Capacity Air Pressure Conveyor
No. (Kg/cm2) Dia.(inch)
1 Dense Phase 4T/hr 3.5 3
2 Lean Phase 6 T/hr 0.4 4

37
MAIN MELT SPINNING SYSTEM:
(a) Extruder:
• Model: 15E219112402
• nl/n2 :1670/150 rpm
• Max. torque: 19600 Nm
• Supplied by "Barmag Germany" and completely inbuilt supply .
• LID: 24, Where D=dia. of screw melter= 150 mm.

(b) CPF (Continuous Polymer Filter):

• CPF (Continuous Polymer Filter) having online filtration capacity of 1.5 MT I hr.
Material supplied by "Lunarmack Engineering, Silvassa.
• Filtration of melt is done by means of 12 nos. candle filters inside CPF Body.
• Candle filters are capable of doing filtration up to 25 micron or 40 micron.
• Type of candle filter is selected based on melt throughput & period of candle
checking.
• 2 CPF body situated in polymer line for the facilitate online CPF change over.

(c) Spinning Pump (Melt Pump) and Spin Finish Pump:

Pumps used for exact amount of metering of melt and spin finish are as follows :
Table: 3MeltPump s1pecifi1cafions:
Sr. Pump Manufacturer Capacity
No. Type (cc/rev)
1 Spinning Barmag 3.5*20
Germany
2 Spin Barmag 0.16*10
Finish Germany

(d) Manifold Lines & Spinning Beams:

• Manifold lines for melt distribution are supplied by Barmag Germany' & completely
inbuilt with dowtherm heat transfer Surrounding lines & no any specifications
exposed by company.
• Spinning heaths are also supplied by "Barmag, Germany" & also completely inbuilt
supplied.
• Spinning beam houses pack body and spinning pump.
• One spinning beam contains:
• One spinning pump supplied separately. 6 positions
• One position contains 10 packs (2 ends) so one beam gives 6 * 20 = 120 ends.

(e) Pack Details:

• Pack type : Circular, 2 ends, self fixing.
• Pack Diameter: 130 mm
• Spinneret diameter : 105 mm
• Pack Consumable elements parts:

38
• 2 ply spot welded filter: 60/325 mesh/ cm2& 77 mm
• 2 Ply filter: 60/235 mesh, 1 cm2 & 77 mm dia.
• Membrane gasket: 93 * 50 * 1 mm
• Aluminium gasket: 105 * 90 * 0.5 mm
• Metalic Sand: ( 250 I 300 micron) 25 gms + (350/500 micron) 200 gm = 225 gm
• Reusable Pack elements:
Lock ring, Pressure plate, Distribution plate, sand cup, Spinneret.

(f)Quench System :
Back to front type quench system which houses quench air filters supplied by Barmag
Germany.
Quench air specifications are as follows :
Air temperature: 22°C ± 2°C
Air Static Pressure: 80 mmwc ± mmwc.

(g) Cold Godets :

• 2 Cold godets in yarn path having 12 cm dia. & surface plazma coated driven by 2
individual invertors control motors.

(h) Intermingling Device:

• Intermingling device consist of an intermingling jet & whole intermingling assembly
supplied by 'Barmag, Germany.

(i) Winder:
• ACW 1500 6T/10( Automatic Craft Winder) with semiautomatic doffing also
supplied by 'Barmag Germany'.

(j) Dowtherm heating system:

• Beam and manifold line continuous and constant uniform heating done by ,
Dowtherm heating System' supplied by 'Chemtex Engineering'.
• Dowrherm -a heat transfer fluid ,which acts as a heat transfer media continuously
circulates around the manifold & beam lines as a vapour form.
• Dowtherm heating is done above it's boiling point to convert to vapour form from
liquid form by means electrical heaters (34 electrodes) provided inside boiler tank &
immersed in to the dowtherm liquid.

(k)Spin Finish System:

• Spin finish supply system supplied by 'Chemtex Engineering' .
• System continuously circulates the spin finish by means of a pump which is to be
supplied for application to avoid any coagulation.
• Spin finish temperature maintained below 15 °c by chilled water surrounding
circulation to avoid any bacterial growth which results in coagulation of spin finish &
thus blocking of system.
• Recommended spin finish quality :

39
(a) PH:- between 5 to 12
(b)Si02 content must not exceed .005 mg/L(pph).

(L) Guide P .C. (On line Monitoring & control Computerised system):
• All spinning equipment's like melt pumps, spin finish pumps, extruders, godets
,winders are connected to a common computer via inverters known as 'GUIDE P .C.'

• All set parameters, controlled parameters & monitored parameters are continuously
updated & displayed as a tabular form as v/ell as graph forms on computer monitor.

• All monitored as well as controlled parameters are analyzed online by GUIDE PC

with the aid of inbuilt software & related messages & alarms displayed on to GUIDE
PC which helps to user for trouble shooting & solving any type of malfunctioning
during processing.

• The GUIDE PC also records all types of production related data & also gives
statistical analysis for the same.

(M) Various Auxiliary Air Pressures:

• PlO: Main Supply pressure (Unfiltered) 6 -8 Bar.
• Pl: Winder Pressure : 6±0.5 Bar.
• P20: Supply pressure yarn gathering unit : 6 bar.
• P 40.1 & P 40.2 : Intermingling air pressure.

TEXTURED YARN MACHINE SPECIFICATION:

• Model No. : HDS CX2

• Creel: Rotary Magazine creel capable to load the P.O. Y.
• Spool up to weight 15 Kg.
• Primary Heater: Contact type & conduction heating system by means of dowtherm a
heat transfer media.
• Secondary Heater: Same as primary Master.
• Cooling System: Plasma coated metal cooling plate with atmosphere cooling ..
• Positorque unit :polyurethane discs
• Feed Rollers : All three feed rollers are driven & controlled by individually inverter &
a common P .C.
• Winding system:
HPS having facility to give package having taper angle option of 3, 6 & 9 degree.
Mechanical axial displacement system and traverse deviation system for anti patterning
purpose. Rimson package system to give textured yam package up to 5 kg weight.
Oil application system: Partially Oil immersed rotating helical toothed roller.

40
Different three merge nos. selected based on type of chips Chips type and chips
specifi ati
Table: ~ Chi Specifications (P - 46)

Sr. Merge - •. I Type Size Bulk

No. (mm*mm*mm) Density(kg/m3)
1 Ml ! S.D.MOD. 4*4*2 820
2 M2 ; S.D.N.MOD. 4*4*2 820
3 M3 I S.D.N.MOD. 4*4*2 820

Chips & free fall yarn specifications

Table:5 Chips Specifications{P- 46)

Type of material Properties Ml M2 M3

Chips Norms Actual Norms Actual Norms Actual

l.V. 0.627 0.628 0.626 0.63 0.627 0.63
-cooh G.R. 28 27 38 30 35 36
H20%
Dry 0.0025 - 0.0027 0.0025 -0.03 0.0027 0.0025 - 0.002
0.03 0.03 6
Wet < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1

Yarn l.V. 0.6 0.603 0.6 0.597 0.6 0.6

-cooh G.R. 37 35 45 35 43 46

P.O.Y. PARAMETER OPTIMISATION:

Table: 6 OPTIMIZED PROCESS PARAMETERS OF P.O.Y

SRNO. MERGE NO. D401 D403 D404
1 DENIER 130/636 130/36 130/36
2 ACTUAL DENIER 124.75 122.5 122.75
3 CHIPS TYPE RPL INDORAMA RIL
4 DRYER INLET TEMP(0 c) 187 187 187
5 DRYER INLET PRESSURE 120 120 120
6 CRYSTALLISER TEMP(0c) 170 170 170
7 EXT. ZONE TEMP.{°c) Zl 285 288 288
8 Z2 286 292 292
9 Z3 286 292 292
10 Z4 284 290 290
11 Z5 281 288 290
12 Z6 281 287 290
13 EXT HEAD TEMP(0 c) 284.5 293 287.1
CPF SIZE(CANDLE) 40
14
15 CONTROLLING PRESSURE
40
113 111
40
110 .
16 BOJLER TEMP(0 c) 281 291.5 290
17 BEAM TEMP(0c) 284.285 295 292,293
18 BEFORE PUMP PRESSURE(bar) 56.3 60.5 59

41
19 BEHIND PUMP PRESSURE(bar) 172.3 189.5 176.2
20 BEHIND PUMP TEMPCc) 286.1 296.l 297.4
21 TH.INPUT IN gm/min 43.3 42.5 42.7
22 POLY PUMP SPEED (rpm) 20.62 20.45 20.42
23 SPIN FINISH PUMP SPEED(rom) 9.81 10.51 8.75
24 SPIN FINISH TYPE/CON. GSM203.12 DRIFI34 10% GSM203,12%
%
25 OPUSET 0.45% 0.45% 0.45%
26 FINISH GUIDE DISTANCE (mm) 1100 llOO 1100
27 QUENCH AIR PRE.&TEMP. 22&80 22& 80 22&80
28 QUENCH AIR FLOW SET(m/sec) 0.4 0.4 0.4
29 GODETl SPEED (MPM) 3102 3111 3111
30 INT.AIR PRESSURE(bar) 0.95 0.95 0.95
31 GODET2 SPEED (mpm) 3104 3113 -3113
32 WINDING SPEED(mpm) 3125 3125 3135
33 OVERFEED% 1.2.,1.8 1.2,1.6 1.2, 1.8
34 HELIX ANGLE 6.5x8, 6.5X8, 7.0X2 6.5X8, 7.0X2
7.0X2
35 CONT ACT PRESSURE 160 160 160
36 TYPE OF WINDING SPW SPW SPW
37 WINDING PRESSURE 6.0 6.0 6.0
38 DOFF TIME/SPOOL WT. 5.48/15.00 5.49/15.00 5.48/15.00

3.0 RESULT & DISCUSSION :

Considerations during trial data collection:

(a) All the data given in the result table are excluding over range values during trial if any
data value found beyond the 1st grade norms limit then it is excluded and replaced same
end with new after taking necessary action.
The action can be divided in to mainly two division as follows:
(1) Schedule action or preventive action.
(2) Break down action

The schedule maintenance job is generally followed strictly so if any abnormality found
i.e. values goes beyond 1st grade limit and within 2nd grade limit then it is taken as an
'alarming limit' and material is not downgraded, it might be the effect of breakdown
maintenance.

The necessary actions are taken well within the time to avoid any down gradation at
P.O.Y. stage as well as any other processing problems, run ability or processing problems
at down stream processing.

The schedule job includes pack washing, pack change, QAF (Quench air filter) cleaning,
melt pump cleaning winder cleaning, hot water cleaning of spin finish system and
continuous polymer filter (CPF) etc., as per decided schedule and breakdown job
includes the above jobs are required to be done before schedule.

42
 lbe above mentioned considerations is particularly important while comparative study
~as done. The various data which were compared, are within 1st grade limit only
becau e then and then only real comparison can be done.

IECHANICAL PROCESS PERFORMANCE NORMS FOR POY & TEXTURED YARN

IECHANICAL PERFORMANCE NORMS:
Table:9.l

~fecbanical oerformance norms for POY Process Performance norms for POY
Sr~ 'o. Check Grade Sr. Properties Unit Merge No.
points l st 2"a PO CLO No. Ml M2 M3
1 B.F. Nil 1 - 4 5-8 Hiogh 1 Denier 130/36 130/36 130/36
2 Loops Nil 1 - 4 5-8 High 2 A.Denier 124.8 122.5 122.8
3 Package 3 Tenacity gpd >2.2 >2.2 >2.2
faults
.t Budging Nil Slight Medium High 4 Elongation % 142 127 126
5 Ring Nil Slight Medium High 5 DT !!Ill 40 41 40.5
I6 Horn Nil Slight Medium High 6 T-60 gpd 0.86 0.97 0.97
. 7 Hardness Nil Slight Medium High 7 B.W.S. % 49 67 65
8 BIT <l 8 O.P.U. % 0.45 0.45 0.45
9 Nips/m 4-6 4-6 4-6
10 Uster % 1.6 1.6 1.6
max max max

Table: 9.2

Mechanical performance norms for Textured Process Performance norms for Textured
Yarn yarn
Sr.N Check Grade Sr. Properties Unit Merge No.
0. points l st 2"d PQ CLQ No. Ml M2 M3
1 B.F. 0-4 5-8 9-12 Very 1 Wet 72.41 73.99 73.73
high denier
2 Loops 0-4 5-8 9-12 Very 2 Tenacity gpd 4.54 4.6 4.8
high
3 Package 3 Elongation % 24.93 23.50 24.22
faults
4 Budgin Nil Slight Medium High 4 B.W.S % 2.4 2.9 3.05
g
5 Ring Nil Slight Medium High 5 Breaks/hr <4 <4 <4
6 Horn Nil Slight Medium High 6 B.F./loops 4/kg 4/kg 4/kg
7 Hardnes Nil Slight Medium High 7 HCC% 50.77 49.67 48.08
s
8 BIT <4 8 OPU% 3 2.5 2.7

Table9.land 9.2 shows the POY mechanical performance, POY mechanical performance
norms, Textured yam mechanical performance, Textured yam mechanical performance
norms respectively The comparison of mechanical performance with their set norms
values shows that all three merge numbers gives satisfactory mechanical performance &
gives results well within norms.

43
 • P.O.Y. Mechanical performance actual checking results shows that in terms of B.F.,
Loops, Package faults (Bulging, Horn, Ring, Hardness) all three merge numbers are
comparable.
breaks per ton of Ml is slight lesser than M2 & M3.
• Mechanical performance point of view textured yarn shows same behavior as P.O.Y
as shown in textured yarn mechanical performance table.
Breaks per hour of Ml is slight higher than M2 & M3.
• Dyeing uniformity is also satisfactory for all three merge numbers but Ml gives
better dyeing uniformity than M2 & M3
• Mechanical performance point of view all three merge numbers are almost
comparable but at P.O.Y. Plant Bff of Ml is lesser than M2 & M3 and M2 & M3 are
almost comparable while at texturing plant the breaks/hour of Ml is higher compare
to two others & rest of two others are comparable. This thing can be explained as
follows:
• The lower breaks rate of Ml at P.O.Y. Plant is contributed to uniformity of various
pressures & temperatures during processing compare to M2 & M3. This thing can be
seen clearly ill process temperatures & pressures graphs of 'MI,M2 & M3. -The
higher breaks rate at texturing of Ml compare to M2& M3 can be explained as the DT
values of Ml , M2 & M3 are to be maintained almost same so processing tensions at
texturing due to DT values will be remained same for all three merge numbers, but
the DR values of Ml is higher compared to M2 & M3 as earlier discussed the process
tensions will be high. This thing again can be clearly seen in to the 'optimized
texturing parameter table .. Due to higher processing tensions Ml may give higher
breaks rate compare to M2 & M3, but it is compromised with better dyeing
uniformity of Ml material which is very crucial.
• Draw tension (DT)values of all- three merge numbers are maintained almost same, as
it directly related with processing tensions and dyeing uniformity , As shown in
graphs of DT values. It can be seen the consistency in DT values of Ml is observed
better which resulted in to better uniformity), in processing tensions and eventually
gives better dyeing uniformity of Ml compare to two others.

POY PROCESS PERFORMANCE (AVG. VALUES, TEXTURED YARN PROCESS

PERFROMENACE (AVG. VALUES)
The comparison of process performance with their set norms values show's that all three
merge numbers gives satisfactory mechanical as well as process performance & gives
results well within norms. Average results shows that textured yam process performance
for all three merge numbers are almost same and are comparable, while certain process
performance results for P.0:¥. are differ and will be discussed in details later on
individually.

POYPROCESSPERFORMANCE:
..3 POY MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE
Table·9
Sr.no. Check points Ml M2 M3
Grade 1st 1st l st

1 B.F. Nil Nil Nil

2 Loops Nil Nil Nil
3 Package faults

44
 4 I Bulging Nil Nil Nil
5 I Ring Nil Nil Nil
6 Hom Nil Nil Nil
'i I Hardness Nil Nil Nil
8 ! Brr 0.5 0.65 0.6

POI' PROCESS PERFROMANCE (A VG )RESULTS

T. . 9.-1

Properties Unit Merge No.

I Sc NL Ml M2 M3
MOD. N.MOD. N.MOD
II I 1 Denier 130/36 130/36 130/36
II : , A.Denier 124.84 122.68 122.87
II ~ Tenacity irnd 2.48 2.7 2.7
II - Elongation % 139.41 126.15 126.51
11 :. DT gm 42.48 41.22 40.03
1~ 6 T-60 Q'.00 0.82 0.97 0.97
I ; I B.W.S . % 52.33 67.51 66.34
I 8 0.P.U. % 0.42 0.41 0.39
19 Nips/m 4-4-6 . 4-4-4 6-4-4
I 10 Uster % 1.13 1.24 1.3

TEXTURED YARN MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE:

Ttlbk 9.5

Sr.no. Check points Ml Mod. M2N.Mod. M3N .Mod.

Grade l" l" l"
I I B.F. 0 0 l
I ~ Loops l 0 0
I 3 Package faults
I ~ Buldging Nil Nil Nil
I 5 Ring Nil Nil Nil
16 Horn Nil Nil Nil
I I Hardness Nil Nil Nil
18 BIT 2.7-4 2.5- 3.5 2.5 - 3

Here, under POY process performance comparison, it is tried to compare various pay
properties individually as follows:
(A) Denier & Elongation (%) Table 9 (a) & (b)
I End No.
Ml
(M.S.D.)
M2
(N.M .S.D.)
M3
(N.M.S .D .)
Ml
(M.S.D.)
M2(N.M.S.D.) M3
(M.S.D.)

DENIER ELONGATION(%)
1 124.8 122.3 122.8 140.2 126.5 127
2 124.6 123.3 122.9 139.8 125.7 127
3 124.8 123.2 122.6 139.4 126.4 125.8
4 124.7 122.1 123.2 139 125.8 126.6
5 124.7 122.7 123.2 139.8 126.3 125.6
6 125.2 123.2 122.5 139.8 125.8 125.5
7 124.9 122.4 123.l 140.l 126.3 126.6
8 124.9 122.5 122.9 140 126.3 126.8
9 124.9 122.6 122.3 139 126.9 127.9
10 124.9 122.5 123.2 140 125.9 126.3
AVG. 124.84 122.68 122.87 139.65 126.15 126.51
CV% 0.132 0.349 0.26 0.3 125 0.132 0.132

45
 Elongation(%) of PO Y
Denierof POY

145
126
140 . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
125~
135 ~Ml (SD)

I :~ •'~V~--"--
-+--Ml(MSD)
-M2(NMSD) ---M2(NMSD)
MJ(NMSD) M3(NMSD)

121 120
120
115
1234567891 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 W
End No. Erd No.

graph 9(a) graph 9(b)

Table 9(a) shows the denier and graph 9(b)shows denier v/s end no. for three different
merge numbers Ml , M2 & M3 respectively. Each table shows denier of different ends
from ten consecutive positions.

The comparison shows that Denier of Ml is approx. 125 & Denier of M2 as well as M3
is approx .. 122.5 so, Ml is having_approx .. 2.5 denier higher than M2 & M3.Thus for
modified chips (Ml) denier is kept approx. 2.5. higher than non modified chips (M2 &
M3) It gives production benefit of about 2 % .

So, processing with Ml merge number compare to M2 & M3 , gives production gain of
about 2000 kg per day for 100 MT/day production plant.
Also I seeing to denier graph & C.V.% values we can see that consistency point of view
M 1 is superior than M2 & M3 .

Table 9(a) and graph 9(b) shows elongation values of three different merge numbers Ml,
M2 &M3 respectively. Each table & graph shows Elongation% of different ends from ten
consecutive positions.

The comparison shows that Elongation% of Ml approx.140 & Elongation% M2 as well

as M3 is approx .. 126 i.e. Ml gives approx.14% higher elongation%) than M2 & M3.
As final denier & elongation % of textured yarn are same for all three merge numbers and
P.O.Y. Elongation % of Ml is higher compare to M2 & M3, the draw ratio of Ml at
texturing to be kept higher. The higher DR given following advantages & disadvantages
at texturing as follows:

High DR value reduces the surging tendency up to high speed compare to low DR value
& maximum process speed of machine depends on surging speed so there is a scope for
to process the material higher speed at texturing, which is the prime requirement
modem high speed machines. This thing is clearly explained in "Texturing parameter
optimization procedure.

Even with same process speed & high DR at texturing feed rate of P. 0. Y. can be
-educed as explained diagrammatically. At texturing the process speed or machine speed
is considered as speed of intermediate roller, so to increase DR It is required to reduce the
speed of feed roller as follows:
46
 Feed rate= DNl
Proce speed = DN2 = const.
• . DRl < DR2 & N2=const.
1

i.e. Feed rate with low DR is higher than high DR. This thing gives following advantages:
Better unwinding performance of P.O.Y Spools due to low speed -low tension due to
small balloon height and so less unwinding breaks than higher speed.
Low bottom breaks as majority breaks occurs at bottom layers of the P.O.Y. Spools.
Higher transfer tail efficiency% with higher DR values.
Finally all above advantages improves the machine efficiency.

earlier discussed the denier of Ml is to be kept higher which gives the gain in
production with same speed processing of P.O.Y. Compare to M2 & M3 as given in
production gain calculation. Tenacity & T-60 value of M 1 is lesser compare to other two
merge numbers is due to higher elongation % of M 1 material and can be compensated at
texturing giving higher draw ratio.

I (B)TENACITY & T-60 (Table 9c & d)

s~·o. Ml
(M.S.D.)
TENACITY(
M2
(M.S.D.)
TENACITY
M3
(N.M.S.D.)
TENACITY
Ml
(M.S.D.)
T--00
M2
(N.M.S.D.)
T--00
M3
(N.M.S.D.)
T--00
wd) (1md) faod)
I 2.49 2.73 2.73 0.81 0.95 0.96
-
~
2.46 2.72 2.72 0.81 0.96 0.98
• 3 2.47 2.73 2.73 0.82 0.97 1
. .s 2.46 2.72 2.72 0.81 0.98 0.98
5 2.47 2.7 2.7 0.82 0.99 0.98
6 2.49 2.68 2.68 0.82 0.98 0.98
.. 2.48 2.67 2.67 0.82 0.97 0.97
I8 2.5 2.72 2.72 0.83 0.97 0.96
I 9 2.47 2.67 2.67 0.82 0.98 0.92
• 10 2.52 2.7 2.7 0.84 0.97 0.94
AVG 2.48 2.7 2.7 0.82 0.97 0.97
CV% 0.77 1.004 1.004 1.146 2.642 2.26

Tenac:ity(gpd) of POY T ·60 of POY

2.8 12
2 7 ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,. ,, l~n-nfHI
<;;' . ,, ,, '
0.8 • • • • • • • • • •
~ -Ml'.MSD) -Ml'.SD)
... 2.6 -M2(NMSD) 1 o.6 -M2(NMSD)
·"~2.5~ M3(NMSD) 0.4 M3(NMSD)
;. 2.4 0.2
2.3 0
123456789Xl 1234567891
Erd No. Erd No .

graph 9(c) graph 9(d)

Table 9(c & d) & Graph 9(c & d) shows Tenacity & T -60 values of three different merge
numbers Ml , M2 & M3 respectively. Each table & Graph shows Tenacity & T -60 of
different ends from ten consecutive positions. The comparison shows that T -60 of Ml is
47
approx 0.82 & T-60 of M2 as well as M3 is app. 0.97 i.e. Ml gives 0.15 gpd less T -60
values than M2 & M3. The lower side Tenacity & T -60 values of Ml will be
compensated at texturing as at texturing draw ratio to be kept higher as discussed in
Elongation % comparison and final yarn tenacity will not be affected and almost
comparable with M2 & M3. This thing can be clearly seen in textured yarn process
performance comparison.

(c)DRA W TENSION (DT) & USTER(%) (Table 9 e & f)

SR.NO. Ml M2 M3 Ml(M.S.D.) M2(N.M .S.D.) M3(N.M.S.D.)
(M.S.D.) (N.M.S.D.) (N.M.S.D.)

DT DT DT U% U% U%
1 42.3 40.1 39.l 1.2 1.25 1.4
2 42.2 41.6 40.5 1.08 1.21 1.25
3 42.6 40.8 42.2 1.1 1.33 1.32
4 42.2 41.7 40.2 1.15 1.26 1.38
5 42.7 41.1 41.5 1.1 1.2 1.19
6 42.8 42.l 40.3 1.11 1.3 1.33
7 42.1 41 40.l 1.14 1.19 1.16
8 42.4 40.9 39.8 1.19 1.22 1.22
9 42.4 41 37.8 1.14 1.21 1.31
10 43.l 41.9 38.8 1.1 1.21 1.43
AVG 42.48 41.22 40.03 1.13 1.24 1.3
CV% 0.705 1.384 3.019 3.388 3.554 6.67

Draw Tersion of POY Uster(~

44 16

1::~~
14 ....., ,..n....._..,.(.l.__ ..J'
12~.P·~
/'y~-." ~ --M:(SD) I --M:(SD)
- - M2(NMSD) I o.s - - M2(NMSD)
M3(NMSD) 0.6 M3(NMSD)
38
37 0.4
36 0.2
35 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 D I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 D
Erdm. Erdm.

graph 9(e) graph 9(0

• Table 9(e) and graph (e) shows Draw tension values of three different merge numbers
Ml, M2 & M3 respectively. Each table 7 graph shows draw tension of different. ends
from ten consecutive positions.
• The comparison between all three merge numbers shows that DT values of Ml, M2
& M3 are approx. 40 -41 i.e. comparable. Here also consistency point of view Ml is
better than M2 & M3.
• Draw tension (DT) values of all three merge numbers are maintained almost same, as
it directly related with processing tensions and dyeing uniformity. As shown in- graph
of Dt values can be taken that the consistency in DT values which give better dyeing,
uniformity) of Ml compare to others.
• Table 9(f) & graph 9(f) shows U ster % of different ends from ten consecutive
positions. The comparison shows that Uster % Of Ml is 1.15 %
• While Uster Ok of M2 & M3 are 1.25 % thus Ml gives app. 0.1 %. lesser value
compare to M2 & M3.

48
 • Again Ml gives better Uster consistency compare to rest of others. Same thing can be
seen in table 9(f) & graph 9(f) which shows within C.V. Values of P.O.Y. Uster %
• U ter values mainly depends on consistency of various
• Control parameter like various temperature and pressures. During comparison of
control parameters it is observed that in every point of view Ml gives better
con istency compare to M2 & M3. This might be resulted in better Uster value of Ml
compare to M2 & M3.

(D)BOILING WATER SHRINKAGE & OIL PICK UP(%) Table9(2 &h))

SR.J.-.;o. Ml M2 M3 Ml(M.S.D.) M2(N.M.S.D.) M3(N.M .S.D.)
(M .S.D.) (N.M.S.D.) (N.M.S.D.)
B.W.S.% B.W .S.% B.W.S. % OPU. % OPU.% OPU.%
. -.I 51.9
52.9
67.8
66.8
66.3
66.l
0.4
0.42
0.38
0.4
0.38
0.41
I 3 I 52.l 66.3 66.1 0.42 0.38 0.39
.! 52.34 67.5 66 0.4 0.41 0.39
..
.. 52.8 67.5 65.5 0.43 0.4 1 0.41
16 52.1 67.l 67.2 0.42 0.37 0.4
I i 52.4 67.7 67.1 0.42 0.43 0.39
,g 52.34 67.5 66.7 0.43 0.39 0.35
19 52.6 68.5 65.6 0.43 0.45 0.4
I IO . 51.8 68.4 66.8 0.42 0.44 0.39
I AVG 52.33 67.51 66.34 0.42 0.41
II CV'l: 0.661 0.941 0.845 2.492 6.347 0.705

Boili ng Water Shrinkage(%) Oil Pick Up(~ of POY

Ill 0.5
n-n-n·-n-n-n-~
0.4~
70
60
;eso • • • • • • • • • • -+-Ml(SD) 0.3 -M)'.SD)
ii) 40
~ 3)

20
---M2(NMSD)
~NMSD)
I 0.2
-M2(NMSD)
M3(NM SD)

0.1
10
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 w 123456789XJ
End no. Erd rv .

graph 9(g) graph 9(h)

• Table (g) & graph (g) shows BWS% values of different ends from ten consecutive
positions. The result shows that Boiling water Shrinkage of Ml is 52-53% while
Boiling water shrinkage of M2 & M3 are 66-67% thus Ml gives approx. 15% lesser
value compare to M2 & M3.Consistency point of view Boiling water shrinkage also
hows same trend as above discussed properties. i.e. Ml is better compare to M2 &
M3.
• Final product with lesser Boiling water shrinkage is always desirable, as the final
product (Fabric) should shrink minimum after processing to reduce per meter cost of
fabric. Here it can be seen that the boiling water shrinkage values of Ml is app. 8-10%
less compare
• to two others, and it is an again the contribution of modification chips of Ml .Also,
due to raw material with lesser Boiling water shrinkage We can go for less processing
temperature to get same Boiling water shrinkage, again it is saving in temperature and
Ultimately saving in energy.

49
 • Table 9(h) and graph (h) shows OPU % values of three different merge numbers Ml
,M2 & M3 respectively. Each table & Graph shows OPU % of different ends from ten
consecutive positions.
• The result shows that OPU % of all the three type of materials Ml, M2 as well as M3
are comparable both the point of view i.e. Avg. As well as consistency point of view.
• As OPU % can be set as per requirement it is maintained almost same for all three
merge numbers.

TEXTURED YARN PROCESS PERFORMANCE

(A) Denier and Elongation(%) (Table 10 (a &b)
SR.NO. Ml M2 M3 Ml(.M.S.D.) M2(N.M.S .D.) M3(N.M.S.D.)
(.S.D.) (N.M.S.D.) (N.M.S.D.)

DENIER ELONGATION ( %)
A 73.04 74.58 73.03 24.6 21.7 23.99
B 73.53 75.09 73.42 24.75 20.83 23.2
c 73.25 74.1 73.78 24.8 20.66 23.36
D 73.08 74.98 73.12 24.4 21.4 22.07
E 73.27 74.86 73.56 24.5 20.12 22.64
F 73.26 73.99 73.29 24.63 20.63 22.18
G 73.01 74.42 73.82 24.69 20.58 22.36
H 73.55 73.95 73.69 24.86 21.63 22.61
I 73.15 74.5 73.52 24.75 21.53 6121.8
J 73.45 74.32 73.59 24.5 21.16 22.85
AVG 73.26 74.48 73.48 24.65 21.02 22.71
CV% 0.255 0.515 0.345 0.572 2.72 2.777

D:rier of Tedue:l Yan Elorg<i:iono/cPf Text.Yan

251\AAtAt••t•
20 ............ ·-.-..----' ·- . --+-MX:SD)
• 15 - - - M2(1\MSD)
D M3'.l\MSD)
72. 5
71 0
ABCDEFGHIJ ABCDEFGHIJ
Erdrn. Erd no.

graph 10 (a) graph 10 (b)

(B) TENACITY & BO/UNG WATER SHRINKAGE(%) (TABLE (IO(C &D)-

END.NO. Ml M2 M3 Ml(S.D.) M2(N.M.S.D.) M3(N.MS.D.)
(.M.S.D.) (N.M.S.D.) (N.M.S.D.)
TENACITY (gpd) BWS%

A 4.63 4.5 4.83 2.5 2.74 2.33

B 4.61 4.58 4.81 2.52 2.54 2.44
c 4.58 4.57 4.79 2.49 2.75 2.63
D 4.62 4.49 4.84 2.6 2.72 2.58
E 4.55 4.51 4.88 2.58 2.43 2.66
F 4.58 4.54 4.79 2.59 2.78 2.69
G 4.61 4.54 4.77 2.5 2.69 2.62
H 4.66 4.55 4.87 2.58 2.51 2.52
I 4.62 4.6 4.79 2.59 2.49 2.42
J 4.64 4.51 4.8 2.6 2.55 2.38
AVG 4.61 4.53 4.82 2.56 2.62 2.522
CV% 0.665 0.85 0.724 4.734 4.646 4.734

50
 TEra:it}(gp:l) of T00.yan

ABCDEFGHI J
3CDEFGHIJ
Eroro.
Erorn

gnpla 18 c) graph 10 (d)

lC1 HOT CRJMP CONTRACTION(HCC% 1 & OIL PICK UP(%) (Table 10 e & f )
E"D '1;0. :Ml M2 M3 Ml(S.D.) M2(N.M.S.D.) M3(N.M.S.D.)
(M.S.D.) (N.M.S.D.) (N.M.S.D.)

HOT CRIMP CONTRACTION(HCC%) OPU%

46.56 42.6 46.33 3.95 3.7 2.67
"
6 45.97 42.13 46.42 4.05 3.42 2.74
c 47.06 49.9 46.69 2.88 2.99 3.01
D 47.16 46.53 47.22 3.41 3.7 2.98
E 46.95 51.75 46.26 4.11 2.49 2.21
F 47.02 45.78 46.66 3.87 2.69 3.29
G I 45.55 45.38 45.69 3.47 2.75 2.89
' H I 45.89 50.23 45.2 3.12 2.49 4.37
I I I 45.75 45.84 47.08 3.15 2.5 4.62
If J 45.96 44.17 46.27 2.99 2.76 4.36
.1 A\'G 46.39 46.43 46.38 3.5 2.95 3.31
II C\"~ I 1.276 6.36 1.232 12.566 15.59 23.87

HXX~ of Text.Yam
OPU(CJll of Text.Yarn

.:~
-+-Ml:SO) -+-Mk:SD)
- M2(N'v1s:J) ---M2(NMSD)
M3;N'v1s:J) M3(NMSD)
1
0
ABCDEFGHIJ ABCDEFGHIJ

Erdro. Erd ro.

graph 10 (e) graph 10 (f)

T le lO(a, b, c, d, e & f) & graph lO(a, b, c, d, e & f) shows the test results of textured
. am denier, elongation %, tenacity)- boiling water shrinkage crimp contraction%& Oil
· k up% respectively. Here also each end is taken from ten different consecutive
itions, All the above mentioned yarn properties of all three merge numbers arc almost
same as end use of all three merge numbers are common so optimized of textured yarn
arameter are done to give final properties almost same. During-comparison of all three
graph which are having records of all process temperatures and pressures for the period

51
of 24hr. duration, it can be seen that consistency & uniformity point of view Ml is better
than M2 & M3 , it is particularly' important in pack pressure point of view. The reason
for uniformity in controlling pressures & temperatures will be discussed in general
discussion point.

GENERAL:
ELONGATION,, WITHIN CV% VALUE OF POY (Table 11)
ELONGATION CV% T-60CV% USTERCV%

SR.NO. CVl CV2 CV3 CVl CV2 CV3 CVl CV2 CV3
l 2.3 2.59 2.52 0.94 1.45 2.17 1.56 1.58 1.71
2 2.3 2.46 2.29 1.08 1.55 1.62 1.46 1.56 1.62
3 2.4 2.75 2.49 1.04 1.34 1.47 1.45 1.64 1.72
4 2.3 2.25 2.46 0.86 1.44 1.76 1.49 1.61 1.71
5 2.31 2.62 2.24 1.04 1.48 1.37 1.52 1.47 1.5
6 2.43 2.28 2.91 0.88 1.41 1.76 1.43 1.73 1.71
7 2.39 2.44 2.83 1.02 1.59 1.78 1.47 1.5 1.44
8 2.29 2.53 2.7 0.78 1.46 1.9 1.51 1.56 1.56
9 2.18 2.54 2.01 0.93 1.53 1.7 1.44 1.53 1.66
10 2.17 2.36 2.49 0.92 1.29 1.84 1.53 1.5 1.8

CV ofT- 60

2.5
3.5
3
25
--CV!
~-~
::R 2 1.5 - + -cvl

'E 1.5 ~ --cv2

U5
~ cv3

0.5
0
l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ill
12345678910
fu!Ni.
Endno.

c v% of Uster

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2 --.-cvl

~ 0 .8
I -cVl
c v3
0 .6
0 .4
0 .2

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
End No.

graph 11 (a, b & c)

• All three types of merge numbers gives satisfactory performance in terms of

mechanical performance, process performance downstream processing performance
within norms and all the observed differences are within 1st grade norms value.
• Finally I from all above discussed results it is clearly pointed out that in most of the
P.O. Y. Properties consistency & uniformity point of view in relation to average
values, Ml shows superior trend compare to M2 & M3 while M2 & M3 are almost
52
 mparable. The same picture can be cleared from table 11 & graph ll(a & b) which
how the within C.V. Values of elongation%, T-60 & Uster % of P.O. Y.
The ju tification for above observation can be given as follows:

it is kept rest of all the condition same except the raw material of all three type of
merge numbers it clearly indicates the effect of raw material.

• ow, it is observed that Ml is based on the chips known as 'Modified chips"

\\ whileM2 & M3 are based on the chips known as Non modified chips' .

. odified Chips are based on the modified polymer which is synthesized by adding
.......,........·-'-' types of additives and not specified supplier while non mod. Chips are based on
polymer synthesized by normal method of manufacturing.
The advantages of modified Polymer is that it gives the P.O.Y. having high E% which is
main bottleneck for high speed Production and able to run with low temperature
mpare to non modified polymer (approx.10 degree), so with modified polymer either
e an go for high speed with same temperature or with same .speed and low
mperature, so either production gain or energy gain (by saving temperature) can be
hie ed. Here during trial machine is run with same speed but lo\v temperature i.e.
energy gain is preferred.

Al o, during processing with low temperature accurate temperature can be maintained. It

·- known that temperature is propollionatc to melt viscosity & melt pressure. So, finally
melt viscosity & pressure which are very crucial can be maintained uniformly during
proce sing.

Consi tency in various process pressure values also minimizes the temperature variations
due to shearing effect. The process pressure3 can be clearly seen in "Guide P.C.' recorded
graph . From the above discussion it can be seen that consistency & uniformity in melt
temperature, melt viscosity & melt pressure gives direct reflection in POY properties.
The ame trend in consistency & uniformity in properties with Ml material in textured
am also can be seen.

The justification for above observation is again related to raw material as earlier
· us ion, but here raw material is P.O.Y. so consistency in P.O.Y. properties of Ml
_· es direct reflection in textured yarn properties. i.e. P.O.Y. having consistency
perties gives also textured yarn with consistent properties.
Due to higher Draw'- processing tension value of Ml are, 3-4 gm higher compare to M2
3, resulted in higher breaks/he of Ml material and also role as a bottle neck for high
speed.

53
4.0 CONCLUSION:

(1) All the differences observed during comparison are within 1st grade limit only & out
of all three merge numbers which are taken as a part of the experimental work .No one is
giving any down gradation

(2)Process performance point of view as well as controlled parameters point of view

(particularly various process pressures & temperatures) at P.O. Y. as well as
process performance point of view at texturing shed, modified chips gives better
performance compare to non modified chips.

(3) Modified chips material gives better mechanical performance at P.O.Y. plant but
inferior mechanical performance at texturing plant compare to modified chips material.

(4) With modified chips either 2-3 % production gain can be 'achieved or 8-10 degree
temperature can be saved (energy gain) compare to non modified chips.

(5) Modified chips gives P.O. Y. with approx. 8-10% less BWS which helps in
temperature saving of about 2-4 degree at texturing plant & can be got yarn with lower
B. W.S. % value which is always desirable in costing of finished fabric as well as end use
applications point of view.

(6)Process speed at texturing as well as at P .0. Y. plant for all three merge numbers are
almost same.

(7) Modified chips material gives better P.O. Y. package performance as well as better
transfer tail efficiency% and so machine efficiency % compare to the package produced
with non modified chips due to reduction in feed rate up.

5.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY:
{ 1} Wed site :http?www.poy-yarn.com- - Agarwal, Reliance Industries Limited, 1992.
(2) Manufactured fibre technology- -V.B. Gupta & V.K. Kothari.
(3) Introduction to polymer crystallization -Edward Arnold (publishers) Ltd. London.
(4) High Speed Fibre Spinning -AZiabicki and H Kawai (1985)
(5) Flow properties of polymer melts-Plastic Institute Books I London (1970)
(6) Elongational flow -Petrie C.J.S. & Pitman -London (1979).
(7) Short heater technology _A.B. Talele
(8) Guide to crimping & texturing -A .B. Talele

54