MIDTERM EXAM

NAME: CRISTINE JOY C. CALINGACION

COURSE AND SECTION: BSED 1FILIPINO

1. DEFINE AND EXPLAIN RA 9163. IT'S 3 COMPONENTS AND THE BENEFITS

AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS LAW? WRITE DOWN IN YOUR OWN
UNDERSTANDING!
In response to public demand for changes to the Reserved Officers
Training Corps (ROTC) Program, the National Service Training Program
(NSTP) Act of 2001 (R.A. 9163) was enacted. This act declares that the primary
responsibility of the government is to serve and protect its citizens. According to
RA 9163, the government's primary duty is to serve and protect its citizens. In
turn, it is the responsibility of all citizens to defend the state's security, and the
government may compel each citizen to perform personal, military, or civil
service to fulfill this obligation.

The National Service Training Program (NSTP) is a program designed

to increase civic awareness and defense preparedness in young people by
instilling the values of service and patriotism while exposing them to training in
any of the program's three (3) components. Its various components are
specifically designed to increase the active contribution of youth to the general
welfare. Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), Literacy Training Service
(LTS), and Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) are the three program
components.

The first component is Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC). It is a

program established by Republic Act No. 7077 Sections 38 and 39 to provide
military training to tertiary-level students in order to motivate, train, organize, and
mobilize them for national defense preparedness. ROTC programs offer students
numerous opportunities and benefits. ROTC participants receive valuable
training as well as financial assistance for their education. They are encouraged
to develop strong personal characteristics such as self-discipline, confidence,
and leadership. Second is Literacy Training Service (LTS). It is a program that
trains students to teach literacy and numeracy skills to schoolchildren, out-of-
school youth, and other segments of society in need. Literacy is essential for
individuals' success in both their career goals and their overall quality of life.
Students can serve the community by actively participating in community
programs that aim to provide good service and essential benefits to the people in
the community. Lastly, the Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS), are
programs or activities that contribute to the general welfare and betterment of life
for community members or the enhancement of its facilities, particularly those
 devoted to improving citizens' health, education, environment, entrepreneurship,
safety, recreation, and morals. It aided in improving the female implementers'
communication, listening, and interpersonal relationships. It also made them very
aware of the importance of health education and how to apply good values in
their daily lives.

The goal of this program is to recognize the importance of youth in nation-

building, to raise awareness among youth, and to develop their physical, moral,
spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It will instill patriotism and nationalism
in the youth and encourage their participation in public and civic affairs.

2. ENUMERATE AND EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS THE 4 CORE VALUES

IN THE NSTP PROGRAM.
The four (4) core values of the NSTP Program are love of God and humanity,
patriotism and self-discipline, a genuine commitment to personal and social
change, and volunteerism.

The first values are God's and humanity's love. Loving God necessitates knowing
Him, and knowing Him begins with His Word. It may sound glib, but knowing Him is
loving Him. To love God is to worship and praise Him, to place Him first in one's life.The
first commandment is to love God "with all your heart, all your soul, all your mind, and all
your strength." In order to be human, we must exhibit compassionate, sympathetic, or
generous behavior or disposition. To show humanity, one should always look for the
good in others. We all have good and bad sides, just as there are two sides to every
story. Even the most hardened criminals have redeeming qualities. In the eyes of the
people he stole from, Robin Hood was a villain. Nonetheless, he was a hero to the poor.
So, don't pass judgment on others based on the bad things they've done. People are
never at their best when they are condemned. Compassion and altruism do. Thus,
remember to always look for the good in people, no matter how bad they appear.
Perhaps all they require is for someone to understand them.

The second set of values are: patriotism and self-discipline. Even when our
country is going through a difficult time, we must support and love it. Even when things
aren't going as well as you'd like, you still love our country. Self-discipline is the ability to
push yourself forward, stay motivated, and take action regardless of how you are feeling
physically or emotionally. Motivation and willpower, as well as persistence, the ability to
follow through on your intentions, and hard work, all contribute to it.

The third value is: a genuine commitment to personal and social change
entails devoting our time and energy to someone or something in which we believe, or
making a promise or a firm decision to do something. A genuine commitment, on the
other hand, entails much more. When we decide to do something without expecting
anything in return, we are truly committed. Because more information is available in the
community, social change leads to increased awareness and understanding, allowing
people to make informed decisions based on the situation at hand.
 Finally, there is volunteerism. means going above and beyond simply doing
something without expecting anything in return. Volunteering is defined as serving in an
area of need without regard for remuneration, personal preference, or personal
convenience. It is simple to do good when it comes naturally to you or is something you
enjoy. It can give you a healthy boost in your self-esteem, self-confidence, and life
satisfaction. You are helping others and the community, which gives you a natural sense
of accomplishment. Your volunteer work can also provide you with a sense of pride and
identity.

3. DEFINE AND EXPLAIN 10 KINDS OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN THE

PHILIPPINES.
The ten (10) kinds of natural disasters in the Philippines are typhoons,
floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storm surges, landslides, tsunami,
drought, thunderstorms, and sinkholes.

A typhoon is a large storm system with a circular or spiral system of

violent winds that can span hundreds of kilometers or miles. The winds are
spiraling around a low-pressure area. These storms in the Western Pacific are
known as "typhoons." It is a tropical cyclone that forms between 180 and 100
east of the equator and is a massive, rotating storm that brings wind, rain, and
destruction. A flood is an overflow of water that submerges normally dry land. In
the sense of "flowing water," the term can also refer to the tide's inflow. Floods
are also the most common type of natural disaster, occurring when an overflow
of water submerges normally dry land. Floods are frequently caused by heavy
rainfall, rapid snowmelt, or a storm surge from a tropical cyclone or tsunami
along the coast. An earthquake occurs when two blocks of earth suddenly slip
past each other. The surface on which they slip is known as the fault or fault
plane. An earthquake is a phenomenon that occurs when the earth's surface
shakes. An earthquake is caused by the sudden trembling of the earth's surface.
One of the deadliest natural disasters is an earthquake. Earthquakes cause
massive damage and loss of property. A volcanic eruption occurs when magma
is released from a volcano. Volcanic eruptions can be quite calm and effusive, or
they can be explosive. Effusive eruptions produce lava flows, whereas explosive
eruptions produce ash and pyroclastic density currents. Volcanoes erupt when
molten rock known as magma rises to the surface. Magma is formed when the
earth's mantle melts. Another way an eruption occurs is when water beneath the
surface interacts with hot magma, creating steam, which can build up enough
pressure to cause an explosion. Storm surge is an abnormal rise in water
caused by a storm that exceeds the predicted astronomical tide. It is the change
in water level caused by the storm's presence. Also it is primarily caused by the
high winds of a hurricane or tropical storm. The storm's low pressure has a
negligible impact! The wind circulation around a hurricane's eye (left above)
blows on the ocean surface, causing a vertical circulation in the ocean (right
above). A landslide, also known as a landslip, is the movement of a mass of
 rock, debris, earth, or soil downslope (soil being a mixture of earth and debris).
Landslides occur when gravitational and other types of shear stresses within a
slope exceed the shear strength (resistance to shearing) of the slope's materials.
The movement of rock, earth, or debris down a sloped section of land is referred
to as a landslide. Rain, earthquakes, volcanoes, and other factors that make the
slope unstable cause landslides. Landslides are one type of mass wasting,
according to geologists, who study the physical formations of the Earth.
Tsunamis are a series of large waves with extremely long wavelengths and
periods that are usually caused by a violent, impulsive undersea disturbance or
activity near the coast or in the ocean. Big tsunami waves can form when a large
volume of water is suddenly displaced, or when the sea floor is suddenly raised
or dropped by an earthquake. When the waves reach the shore, they can be
extremely dangerous and damaging because they travel from their point of origin.
A drought is a period of time when an area or region receives less rain than
usual. Inadequate precipitation, whether rain or snow, can result in decreased
soil moisture or groundwater, reduced stream flow, crop damage, and a general
water shortage. Thunderstorm is a violent, short-lived weather disturbance
characterized by lightning, thunder, dense clouds, heavy rain or hail, and strong,
gusty winds. Thunderstorms form when layers of warm, moist air rise rapidly to
cooler regions of the atmosphere in a large, swift updraft. A cloud that produces
rain as well as lightning. Thunderstorms of any kind are hazardous. Tornadoes,
strong winds, hail, and flash flooding are all potential hazards associated with
thunderstorms. Finally, a sinkhole is a hole in the ground caused by water
dissolving surface rock. This surface rock is frequently limestone, which is easily
eroded or worn away by water movement. Water accumulates in these collapsed
sections, resulting in sinkholes. Sinkholes can also form when cave roofs
collapse.

4. DEFINE AND EXPLAIN 5 DEADLY COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN THE

WORLD?
Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases or
transmissible diseases, are illnesses caused by the infection, presence, and
growth of pathogenic (disease-causing) biologic agents in a single human or
other animal host. HIV, Measles, Flu, Ebola, and 2019-nCoV are the world's five
(5) most deadly communicable diseases.

The first deadly communicable diseases is HIV (human

immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system of the body.
HIV can lead to AIDS if it is not treated (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
There is no effective treatment available at the moment. People who contract HIV
are infected for life. HIV infection in humans was caused by a type of chimp in
Central Africa. The chimp version of the virus (known as simian
immunodeficiency virus, or SIV) was most likely passed on to humans when
humans hunted these chimps for meat and came into contact with their infected
blood. The only way to find out if you have HIV is to get tested. Knowing your HIV
status allows you to make informed decisions to avoid contracting or transmitting
HIV. Second is Measles. It is a highly contagious viral respiratory illness. It is
distinguished by a prodrome of fever (up to 105°F) and malaise, cough, coryza,
and conjunctivitis - the three "C's" -, a pathognomonic enanthema (Koplik spots),
and a maculopapular rash. The rash typically appears 14 days after a person has
been exposed. Once you've had measles, your body develops resistance
(immunity) to the virus, and you're unlikely to get it again. However, it can cause
serious and potentially fatal complications in some people. Infections of the lungs
(pneumonia) and the brain are examples of these (encephalitis). Third, flu is a
contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose,
throat, and, occasionally, the lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness and, in
extreme cases, death. The best way to avoid flu is to get a flu vaccine every
year. Coughing and sneezing are symptoms. Fourth deadly communicable
disease is Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). It is a rare and deadly disease that
affects humans and nonhuman primates. The viruses responsible for EVD are
primarily found in Sub-Saharan Africa. Direct contact with an infected animal (bat
or nonhuman primate) or a sick or dead person infected with the Ebola virus can
result in EVD. The Ebola virus causes EVD. Its origins or how it began are
unknown. Scientists believe it is animal-borne and is most likely transmitted by
bats, which spread the Ebola virus to other animals and humans. There is no
evidence that mosquitos or other insects can spread the virus. Finally, COVID-19
is a virus-borne disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The majority of people with
COVID-19 have mild symptoms, but some can become severely ill. Although
most people with COVID-19 recover within a few weeks, some people develop
post-COVID symptoms. Post-COVID conditions are a variety of new, returning,
or ongoing health problems that can occur more than four weeks after being
infected with the virus that causes COVID-19. COVID-19 is more likely to cause
severe illness in older people and those with certain underlying medical
conditions. COVID-19 vaccines are both safe and effective. COVID-19 spreads
when an infected person exhales virus-containing droplets and very small
particles. Other people may breathe in these droplets and particles or they may
land on their eyes, noses, or mouths. In some cases, they may contaminate the
surfaces they come into contact with. People who are within 6 feet of an infected
person are more likely to become infected.
5. WHAT CAN YOU DO TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF COVID-19? LIST
DOWN HEALTH PROTOCOLS AND HEALTH CARE PROGRAMS OF THE
GOVERNMENT TO END CORONA VIRUS IN THE PHILIPPINES?
As a student, I can help to prevent the spread of COVID-19 by taking
precautions. It is still the most effective way to protect against COVID-19. These
are as follows: Handwashing should be done frequently and properly; wash
hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water are not
available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Coughing etiquette should be
followed. Maintain a one-meter distance between yourself and the person (s)
experiencing respiratory symptoms. Avoid unprotected contact with farm or wild
animals (alive or dead), animal markets, and animal-derived products (such as
uncooked meat) and ensure that the food is thoroughly cooked.

To prevent the spread of COVID-19, we must do the following. Maintain a

safe distance (at least 1 metre) from others, even if they don't appear to be sick.
Wear a mask in public, especially if you can't separate yourself physically. Open,
well-ventilated spaces are preferable to closed ones. If you are indoors, open a
window. Hands should be washed frequently. Use soap and water or an alcohol-
based hand rub to clean your hands. When it's your turn, get vaccinated. In terms
of vaccination, follow local recommendations. When you cough or sneeze, cover
your nose and mouth with your elbow or a tissue. Finally, if you are ill, stay at
home. Seek medical attention if you have a fever, cough, or difficulty breathing.
Call ahead of time so that your healthcare provider can direct you to the
appropriate health facility. This protects you and prevents viruses and other
infections from spreading.

The following are the health protocols and health care programs that we
need to follow to avoid the spread of the virus. Before traveling to the Philippines,
make sure you are fully vaccinated. Unvaccinated visitors should avoid
unnecessary trips to the Philippines. Due to the current situation in the
Philippines, all visitors may be at risk of contracting and spreading COVID-19
variants. In the Philippines, travelers should heed recommendations or
requirements such as wearing a mask and keeping 6 feet apart from others.
Travelers who are fully vaccinated are less likely to contract and spread COVID-
19. International travel, on the other hand, poses additional risks, and even fully
vaccinated travelers may be at increased risk of contracting and possibly
spreading some COVID-19 variants.