Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

Chapter 06: CHAIN DRIVES

I. Introduction 1.1 Structure and working principle of chain drives
1.2 Types of chain drives
1.3 Advantages and disadvantages of chain drive
1.4 Geometry of chain drive
II. Kinematics of chain drive 2.1 Average velocity and speed ratio
2.2 Instantaneous velocity and speed ratio
2.3 Force analysis

III. Design of chain drive 3.1 Design criteria

3.2 Design procedure and guidelines
Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design
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Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
 Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

I. Introduction
1.1 Structure and working principles of chain drives

• Chains can be used to perform three basic functions:

1. Drive sprocket
2. Driven sprocket
• Parts of chain drive include: 3. Chain
4. Chain tensioner
Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design
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Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
 Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

I. Introduction
1.1 Structure and working principles of chain drives

 Structure of chain drives

2- Driven sprocket
– Đĩa xích bị dẫn
3- Chain 1- Drive sprocket -
Xích Đĩa xích dẫn

 Working principle
+ Chain drives normally transmit power and motion from one rotating shaft to another.
+ When transmitting power, the chain engages toothed wheels, called sprockets

Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design

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Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
 Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

I. Introduction
1.2 Types of chain drives
Power transmission chains – Xích truyền động
• Types of chains according Conveyor chains – Xích kéo
to their applications
Lifting chains – Xích nâng

Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design

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Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
 Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

I. Introduction
1.2 Types of chain drives
Power transmission chains – Xích truyền động
• Types of chains according Conveyor chains – Xích kéo
to their applications
Lifting chains – Xích nâng

Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design

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Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
 Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

 Types of power transmission chains:

Roller chains – Xích ống con lăn
Bush - Xích ống

Silent or Inverted tooth chains – Xích răng

A silent chain drive. (a) Silent chain with

sprockets; (b) detail of silent chain links

Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design

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Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
 Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

I. Introduction
1.3 Advantages and disadvantages of chain drives
 Advantages:  They can be used for both long and short distances
 They do not require initial tension –Small force acting on shaft
 A number of shafts can be driven from a single chain
 Chain drive takes up less space than a belt drive
 They have very high efficiency (up to 96%)
 Disadvantages:
 Their operation is noisy and can cause vibrations
 They can not be used where slip is the system requirement
 They have less load capacity compared with gear drives
 They require frequent lubrication
Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design
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Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
 Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

I. Introduction
1.4 Geometry of chain drive
1.4.1 Pitch p(mm):
The pitch is the linear distance between the centers of the rollers. Pitch is an important
parameter in chain drive. It is selected to be a standard parameter.

The larger the pitch size, the higher the power transmission capacites. However, the noise and
dynamic load also increase
Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design
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Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
 Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

I. Introduction
1.4 Geometry of chain drive
1.4.2 Sprockets:
Pitch circle diameter , (mm):
• Driving sprocket:
= = ( )
180°
sin sin
• Driven sprocket:
= = ( )
180°
sin sin
Top diameter ,
 Driving sprocket: = 0,5 + ( )

 Driven sprocket: = 0,5 + ( )

Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design
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 Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

I. Introduction
1.4 Geometry of chain drive

1.4.2 Sprockets
• Types of sprockets:

Construction of sprocket wheel

Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design

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 Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

I. Introduction
1.4 Geometry of chain drive
1.4.3 Number of teeth on sprockets ,
≥ Y = ⁄
• ≥ 17 for moderate speeds

• ≥ 21 for high speeds

≤

∆ ∆ .
= = + ≈ +
sin sin sin

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 Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

II. Kinematics of chain drives

=
2
2.2 Instantaneous velocity and speed ratio
=
2
=
2

= cos
2
=
2 = sin
2

• Since angle varies from to , the instantaneous velocity of chain varies

periodically, even if the driving sprocket rotates at a constant speed

• Larger pitch p or fewer teeth z in a sprocket leads to a greater velocity variation.

Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
 Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

1.4.4 Length of chain L(mm) and number of links X:

Length of the chain is always expressed in terms of the number of links

= . where X = number of links in the chains

The number of links in the chain is determined by

2 + −
= + +
2 2
where

= trial center of distance between axes of driving and driven sprockets

= number of teeth on the smaller sprocket

= number of teeth on the larger sprocket
Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design
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= cos = cos
2 2
cos
• The instantaneous angular velocity ratio is thus = =
cos
Therefore, even if a driving sprocket rotates at a constant angular velocity, the driven
sprocket experiences fluctuation in angular velocity. The angular velocity ratio also varies.

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II. Kinematics of chain drives

2.1 Average linear velocity and speed ratio

• If the rotational speeds of the small and large sprockets are n1 and n2, respectively, the
calculation of average speed of a chain drive is similar to that of a belt drive, expressed as

. . . .
= = ( ⁄
60000 60000

• Thus, the speed ratio is = =

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2.3 Force analysis

2.3.1 Tension in chain drive:
 Tension in tight side and slack side in operation
• Tension in slack side:

• Tension in tight side:

• Centrifugal tension:
2
2.3.2 Forces acting on shaft: − = =
The force acting on the shaft Fr is calculated approximately by

= .
Where
: effective peripheral force, N
: factor
Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
 Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

= cos = cos
2 2
cos
• The instantaneous angular velocity ratio is thus = =
cos
Therefore, even if a driving sprocket rotates at a constant angular velocity, the driven
sprocket experiences fluctuation in angular velocity. The angular velocity ratio also varies.

Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design

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II. Kinematics of chain drives

2.3 Force analysis
2.3.1 Tension in chain drive:
 Initial tension
Initial force due to the weight of chain, expressed as
=
where
: factor according to layout of chain drive
: mass of chain per met ( / )
: the sagging length of chain ( without
engaging with the sprockets) ( )

Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design

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2.3 Force analysis

2.3.1 Tension in chain drive:
 Tension in tight side and slack side in operation
• Tension in slack side:

• Tension in tight side:

• Centrifugal tension:
2
2.3.2 Forces acting on shaft: − = =
The force acting on the shaft Fr is calculated approximately by

= .
Where
: effective peripheral force, N
: factor
Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
 Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

4. Tính toán truyền động xích

 Kinds of failure in chain drives:
The wear of joints - Mòn bản lề xích
Xích bị đứt
 the pitting occurs on the surfaces of the rollers and bush-Rỗ hoặc gãy vỡ con lăn

Wear of sprocket teeth - Mòn răng đĩa

 Calculation the wear resistance of joints - Tính xích về độ bền mòn:

hệ số sử dụng
Allowable pressure
- The pressure in the joints of chains Áp suất cho phép
Projection of bearing surface of the joint
Áp suất sinh ra trong khớp bản lề: diện tích tựa bản lề

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 Checking condition of overload of chain - Kiểm nghiệm xích quá tải:

Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design

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III. Design of chain drives

3.1 Design criteria

• When a roller chain comes into meshing with a sprocket, impact occurs between the
roller and sprocket teeth. Hertz contact stress also generates at the interface between
the chain roller and sprocket tooth.

Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

• STEP 03: Select chain pitch

• STEP 04: Calculate speed ratio

• STEP 05: Sprocket size
• STEP 06: Power rating
The power rating of the chain is
determined by the following relationship:

=
×

Where, = multiple strand factor

= tooth correction factor

• STEP 07: Chain length

Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design

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Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
 Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

III. Design of chain drives

3.1 Design criteria

• When a roller chain comes into meshing with a sprocket, impact occurs between the
roller and sprocket teeth. Hertz contact stress also generates at the interface between
the chain roller and sprocket tooth.

Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

III. Design of chain drive

3.2 Design procedure and guidelines
• STEP 01: Select service factor
• STEP 02: Calculate design power

Where, = service factor

:

Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design

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Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design

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Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design

27
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Mechanism and Machine Component Design - Do Van Hien -

Dept: Fundamental of Machine Design

28
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering