Microsoft Server Cheat Sheet

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Active Directory Active Directory Partitions

Active Directory (AD) is a directory service which is used in a  Schema Partit​ion: This partition stores all the details of the
directory to store objects like user profiles, network inform​ation, objects and their attrib​utes, it also replicates to other domain contro​‐
computers. It helps to manage the network effect​ively with the help of llers which are present in the Forest
Domain Contro​llers which are present at different locations with the  Conf​igu​ration Partit​ion: This partition stores all the inform​ation
Active Directory database. Some of the functions include central about the Active Directory. The inform​ation includes Site, site-link,
admini​str​ation with multiple geogra​phical locations, authen​tic​ation of subnet etc. this partition also replicates to all domain contro​llers
users and computers in a windows domain, replic​ating Active which are present in the Forest
Directory from any Domain Controller which in turn will be replicated  Domain Partit​ions: This partition stores the inform​ation of the
to all other Domain Contro​ller’s.. domain which includes user, computer, group, printer etc. this
partition also replicates to all domain contro​llers which are present in
FSMO Roles the domain.
 Applic​ation Partit​ion:** This partition stores the applic​ations
FSMO (flexible single master operat​ions)
inform​ation in Active Direct​ory.Ex​ampels– Forest​DNS​Zones and
 Schema Master is a forest​-wide role and is available only on each
Domain​DNS​Zones
forest
 Domain Naming Master, like Schema Mater this too is a forest​-
Group Policy Objects
wide role
 Infras​tru​cture Master The settings that control the working enviro​nment of user accounts
 RID Master and computer accounts are known as Group Policy Object (GPO).
 PDC This help is defining the security options, software instal​lation,
regist​ry-​based policies and mainte​nance options, script options and
Active Directory Database folder redire​ction options
There are two types of Group Policy Objects:
DIT
Nonlocal Group Policy objects: TAva​ilable only in an Active
Log
Directory enviro​nment and are stored on a domain controller
Che
Local Group Policy Objects: Stored on local computers (indiv​idual
log and Res2.log
computers)
All the Active Directory changes are not written directly to the
NTDS.DIT database file. They are first written to EDB.Log and
thereon from the log file to the database.
EDB.Che is used to tracking the updates to the database it acts as
an update log file to check what operations are performed to the
database.
NTDS.DIT: This is the Active Directory database and contains all the
AD objects. The default location is %system root%n​rds​nrd​s.dit, this
database is based upon the Jet database.
EDB.Log: This file is to track the transa​ctions on the database, when
EDB.Log is full it gets renamed to EDB Num.log where a num is a
number starting from 1 like EDB1.log
EDB.Che: This file is used to check for the data that is not yet written
to a database. This file has the starting point to the data can be
recovered during failures.
Res1.log and Res2.log: Res stands for reserved transa​ction file
which provides the transa​ction log file enough time to shut down if
the disk runs out of space.

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