International Journal of Petrochemical Engineering and Technology (IJPET)

Volume 1, Issue 1, January–June 2020, pp. 16–20, Article ID: IJPET_01_01_004

Available online at
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VALIDATION OF PIPING STRESSES WITH CAESAR II AND FEM

AND COMPARISION OF RESULTS
GENGADEVI R
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Petrochemical Engineering,
RVS College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

KARUNAKARAN S*
Correspondent Author
Professor & Head, Dept. of Petrochemical Engineering
RVS College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

ASHOK M, KISHANTH R, SUBASH M, DURAI P

Student, Dept. of Petrochemical Engineering, RVS College of Engineering and Technology,
Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

ABSTRACT
The objective of this project is to analyze stresses, elemental forces & displacement in
pipe. It is done by modeling the pipe and analyzing the stresses in piping using CAESAR
software. Then stresses in pipe are also analyzed in Finite Elemental Method of solid works.
Piping stress Analysis includes the calculation of stresses, loads and deflections under static
loading conditions. The main reason for the analysis of stresses on a piping system is to
ensure that the piping is well supported and does not fall or deflect under its own weight and
also to ensure that the deflection is under the limit when thermal loading takes place. Then
the result from two methods are compared to optimize the design for thickness reduction of
the pipe. Stress analysis determines the forces exerted in the pipe, anchor points, restrains in
piping system, stress induced in pipe must be checked against the allowable limits. After
analyzing the results, stress in the pipe are reduced by adding supports or any other
modification in the pipe design. The comparison of the stresses analyzed from CAESAR II
and FEM is done for the first time

KEY WORDS: Piping System, CAESAR II, Solid Works, Stress Analysis, ASME,
Standard, FEM

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1. INTRODUCTION
The piping systems are an essential and integral part of our modern civilization just as
arteries and veins are essential to the human body. The design, construction, and maintenance
of various piping systems involve understanding of piping fundamentals, materials, generic
and specific design consideration, fabrication and installation, examination, and testing and
inspection requirements, in addition to the local, state and federal regulations. Piping is used
in industry, home, and vehicles for heat transfer and conveying fluids.The fluids may be gas
or liquid or gas-liquid mixture or liquid-solid mixture or gas-liquid mixture. The stress
analysis is carried out to validate the design code and check whether the stresses fall within
the permissible limits. The stresses that found in a plant are because of the contraction and
expansion of the system under working conditions which leads to failure producing amount
of damage. In recent days, the trend is to develop better techniques so as to save time in
piping activities. Computer is being used extensively to obtain rapid solution to the more
complex problems of plant design. Piping engineer has therefore a further responsibility in
understanding and application of continuously growing techniques of this nature. The
requirements of support and restraints are based on the loads on the piping. The flexibility of
the piping is checked considering expansion loads and the occasional loads such as wind,
earthquake, fire, flood, blast, tsunami, etc., during piping design.

1.1 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

FEA (solidworks) uses the displacement formulation of the finite element method to
calculate component displacements, strains, and stresses under internal and external loads.
The solidworks majorly involved in triangular (2D) simplification assumption for plant stress.
Integrated with solidworks 3D CAD, finite element analysis using solidworks simulation
knows the exact geometry during the meshing process. Solidworks uses FEA method to
calculate the displacements and stresses. The analysis of nonmetallic components (such as,
plastic or rubber parts) should be carried out using nonlinear stress analysis methods (link to
SOLIDWORKS Nonlinear Stress Analysis capability page), due to their complex load
deformation relationship.

FEA is an intelligent and computerized methods for forecasting how a product or

engineering component will react to real world forces like vibration, heat, fluid flow, and
other physical effects. FEA predicts whether the products will fail, collapse, wear out or work
the way it was designed. It is used for calculating realistic stresses for nozzles with external
loads. It fixes security problems and software faults. It is used to handle complex geometry.
FEM has a great flexibility in the sense that you can do different things from element to
element based on your needs. It also has a disadvantage of problems in built-in variation
principles. FEMs are still improving. It is the way in which damage is represented in a
computational mesh. It requires a huge time because of creating a computational mesh from a
CAD drawing. The stresses of complex structures and stresses states accurately by analytical
methods it wouldn’t be simple without simplification.

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1.2 CAESAR II

CAESAR II is a PC-based pipe stress analysis software program developed, marketed

and sold by COADE, Engineering software. With this, inputs CAESAR II produces result in
the form of displacements, loads and stresses throughout the system. CAESAR II compare
the results to limits specified by recognized codes and standards.
CAESAR II is software not only used for designing a piping system it is also used to
recognize stresses in a pipe system and rectify. It is used to analysis stresses in a process
piping, reciprocating pump pipelines in an oil- station, flexibility and stress analysis of piping
and the stress analysis of buried pipelines. It evaluates the pipe flexibility and stress analysis.
It also analyzes wind effects, support settlements, wave and seismic loads. It has advantage of
bi-directional link between CAESAR II and CAD Worx plant design software. Based on its
less error percentage it is preferred in a industrial sector in many ways in design and piping
stress analysis than FEM analysis.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

In the recent days, the trend is to develop better techniques so as to save time in
piping activities. Computer is being used extensively to obtain rapid solutions to the more
complex problems of plant design and, in so for as piping is concerned, to the solving
problems of pipe stressing. More recently, it is being employed for production of piping
detail drawings, piping isometrics, and bill of materials, cost estimation and control. Piping
engineer has therefore a further responsibility in understanding and application of continually
growing techniques of this nature. The material used here is based on the codes and
standards. Stress can be mainly created in a piping is due pressure drop in a specific area of
bends. Pipe stresses can be analyzed through various methods like analytical method by
solving it by FEM and CEASER. The first step is to find the pipe diameter

Q=Axv

Q – Flow rate
A – Area in meter

V – Velocity in m/s
It is found that the results obtained by these methods are assumed to be correct, but
they are not verified by comparing these results. If you want to ensure the geometry remains
in the linear elastic range (that is, once the load is removed, the component returns to its
original shape), then linear stress analysis may be applied, as long as the rotations and
displacements are small relative to the geometry. For such an analysis, factor of safety (FOS)
is a common design goal. The thickness of the pipe can be determined from the followings as

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 The stress can be analyzed in an auxiliary steam piping by using CAESAR II as, the
auxiliary steam piping air heater soot blowing are according to piping code and its is safe in
determining the stresses present in a piping. Its results indicate the standardized techniques
which increase the plant life and leads to positive quality

management. The pressure drop can be determined by using pressure drop formula.

The stresses in the pipe are analyzed initially using CAESAR-II, and then it’s
validated for FEM in
solidworks. This paper concentrated on the stress occurring within the pipe due to high
temperature fluid flowing within the piping system. Our answer is in well agreement with the
standard chart Nomo graph, which is used to determine loop size. The CAESAR II is also a
technique employed to determine the stress in a pipeline by flexibility characteristics,
elemental force & displacement and by stress intensification factor depend on different load
conditions such as hydrostatic, sustained operation and experimental cases. The stress can
also be analyzed in a buried pipeline. In this study the 3D software tool CAESAR II is used
to design a pipeline with removed stresses. The safer piping is identified by software output.
The design can be done by using the modified hoop stress.

3. CONCLUSION
The stresses developed by the CAESAR software are in good agreement with FEM
results with a error percentage of less than 8%. This error percentage is due CAESAR uses a
modified stress equation for hoop stress, whereas FEA uses a normalized equation for Hoop
Stress. Hence FEA might be used to validate and replace the CAESAR analysis. Thus from
this we have concluded the comparison is valuable to determine the piping stresses.

4. REFERENCE

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3. Basavaraju C, William Saifung Sun- “Stress Analysis of Piping Systems”,McGraw

Hill, Edition,2004 pp.B107-B120.

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