ABSCESS

CONTENTS:
-What is abscess
-Classification of abscess
-Etiology
-Pathogenesis
-Symptoms
-Diagnosis
-Differential diagnosis
-Treatment
-Management
-Complications

• Abscess:
An abscess is a circumscribed area of
inflammation or an abnormal cavity that
contains pus if matured.
Suppration The process of formation of
pus is called suppration Suppration is caused
by bacteria like
Staphylococcus,
Streptococcus,
Pseudomonas ,
E. coli etc.
Irritants like turpentine,calomel,corton oil
also cause suppration

• CLASSIFICATION OF ABSCESS
1. Acute or hot abscess
2. Chronic or cold abscess
3. Superficial abscess
4. Deep abscess
5. Sterile abscess

ACUTE ABSCESS CHRONIC ABSCESS

Onset
Rapid or immidiate delayed
Duration
Few days months or years
C.Agent
Bacteria injured viral autoimmune,
Tissue foriegn body
Majour Cells
Neutrophill, mononuclear cells
Basophills, lymphocytes,
Macrophages fibroblast
Outcomes
Resolution tissue destruction
Abscess formation fibrosis
Chronic inflamation necrosis

STERILE ABSCESS
An abscess caused by an irritant like
injecting medicine that was not completely
absorbed called as sterile abscess.This is not
caused by infection.Symptoms are
pain,swelling.

• ETIOLOGY OF ABSCESS:
The main cause of abscess are
pyogenic bacteria such as
-Sterptococcus spp
-Staphylococcus spp
-Pseudomonas aeruginosa
-Actinomyces bovis
-Actinobacillus lignieresi
Foreign bodies escaping to rib cage.

• PATHOGENISIS:
Any breach in skin and mucous membrane
↓
Pyogenic bacterial invasion
 ↓
Formation of pyogenic membrane
↓
Body immunity fails to fight
↓
Finally abscess develops

• Symptoms of Abscess:
Fever with spikes and chills,Local pain
and tenderness,Anorexia, Weight loss,Fatigue
are observed usually.
• Signs of cutaneous and subcutaneous
abscesses are pain, heat, swelling, tenderness,
and redness. • If superficial abscesses are
ready to spontaneously rupture, the skin over
the center of the abscess may thin,
sometimes appearing white or yellow because
of the underlying pus (termed pointing).The
predominant manifestation of some
abscesses is abnormal organ function (eg,
hemiplegia due to a brain abscess).

TERMINATION OF ABSCESS
The normal consequences of abscess are-
-Pointing or maturating
-Rupture
-Draining

⚫ Diagnosis:
-Diagnosis of cutaneous and subcutaneous
abscesses is by physical examination
-Aspiration test
-Ultrasonography
-CT
-MRI
.
-Diagnosis of deep abscesses often requires
imaging.
-Ultrasonography is noninvasive and detects
many soft-tissue abscesses;
-CT is accurate for most cases
-MRI is usually more sensitive.

• Differential Diagnosis:
Abscess should be differentiated from
-Cyst
-Haematoms
-Hernia
-Tumor
-inflamation
• Treatment of Abscess:
Maturation:
-Hot fomentation
-Fomentation with boric sulfate,magnesium
sulphate.
-Blister.eg.Bin iodide of mercury.

Drainage
-Control of animal
-Clipping
-shaving of the operation site
-Washing with antiseptics such as povidone
iodine
For Large animal
-LA: 2%Lidocaine HCl
-Sedative: Xylazine HCl
For small animal
-GA: Thiopental

Opening of Abscess:
-Abscess is opened with scalpel incision is
always towards the gravity
-Insert an artery forceps into the abscess
cavity.
-A blunt dissection is done without damaging
blood vessels and nerved.
-Pierce the secondary pocket.
-Wash with saline and antiseptics
-Introduce even folded gauze soaked with
antiseptic solution.
-Prescription on Abscess for 100 kg BWT
Rx
inj. Streptopen (procaine pencilline,benzyl
pencilline and streptomycine)---------2.5gm
vial × 7 Sig. inject one vial IM daily for seven
days
inj. Hista vet(H1 receptor blocker)--------10gm
vial × 2 Sig. inject 5 ml IM once daily for four
days

• Management of Abscess:
-Renew gauze( MgSO4 guaz lymph levage
action absorbs water) in every alternate day.
-Suture is prohibited
-Size of gauze to be reduced according to the
size of cavity.
-Vitamin supplement is contraindicated.
⚫ Complications:
-Bacteremic spread
-Rupture into adjacent tissue
-Bleeding from vessels eroded by
inflammation
-Impaired function of a vital organ
-Inanition due to anorexia and increased
metabolic needs
-Antibioma(Hard swelling containing sterile
pus caused by long term use of antibiotics to
treat abscess. This lump require surgrical
exploration.
-Sterile abscess
ASSIGNMENT TOPIC:
ABSCESS
SUBMITTED BY:

NAME AMIR ALI

Reg.no. 2016-DVME-O28
COURSE SURGERY CLINIC
COURSE No. CLMS-02902

SUBMITTED TO:

Dr. AYESHA HASSAN