Four Major Types of Essays

1. Narrative Essays: Telling a Story

 In a narrative essay, the writer tells a story about a real-life experience.

2. Descriptive Essays: Painting a Picture

 a descriptive essay paints a picture with words. A writer might describe a person,

place, object, or even memory of special significance

3. Expository Essays: Just the Facts

 The expository essay is an informative piece of writing that presents a balanced

analysis of a topic.

 expository essays are based on facts and not personal feelings, writers don’t reveal

their emotions or write in the first person.

4. Persuasive Essays: Convince Me

 the goal of the persuasive essay is to convince the reader to accept the writer’s point

of view or recommendation.

References APA Format

Time4Writing. (2018). Time4Writing. https://www.time4writing.com/writing-

resources/types-of-essays/

CBRC E-Hand Outs

BOARD LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS

Subject General Education

Topic English

Subtopic Prosodic Features

Objective To differentiate stress, intonation, and juncture.

Discussion

Prosodic features are features that appear when we put sounds together in connected

speech. It is as important to teach learners prosodic features as successful communication

depends as much on intonation, stress and rhythm as on the correct pronunciation of sounds.

A. STRESS

Stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a word, or to certain

words in a phrase or sentence. In English, stressed syllables are louder than non-stressed

syllables.

Kinds of Stress in Literature

1. Iambic (Pentameter)

Example:

 To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. (Alfred Tennyson, "Ulysses")

2. Trochee

Example:

 Peter, Peter pumpkin-eater \

Stress Types in English Pronunciation

1. Tonic stress

 syllable in a word which receives the most stress

2. Emphatic stress

 emphasize something

3. Contrastive stress
 point out the difference between one object and another.

4. New information stress

 When asked a question, the requested information is naturally stressed more

strongly.

B. INTONATION

Intonation refers to the rise and fall of voice pitch over entire phrases and sentences, even in

non-tone languages, such as English:

1. Falling intonation (➘)

(The pitch of the voice falls at the end of the sentence.)

 Statements

 Commands

 Wh-Questions

 Question Tags

 Exclamations

2. Rising intonation (➚)

(The pitch of the voice rises at the end of a sentence.)

 Yes/no Questions

 Open Questions

3. Rise-Fall Intonation (➚➘)

 Choices

 Lists (rising, rising, rising, falling)

 Unfinished thoughts (partial statements)

 Conditional sentences

4. Fall-Rise intonation (➘➚)

 Hesitation/reluctance:

 Politeness-Doubt-Uncertainty

C. JUNCTURE

JUNCTURE – a pause or a slight delay in a continuous flow of speech. Sound transitions

characterize the movement from sound to sound within a word or a phrase.

CLASSIFICATION:

 Close Juncture – is movement from sound to sound which has no intervening

pauses or delay.

 Open Juncture – is movement which is not continuous. There is a slight

stoppage of the last sound till it blends with the next.