Extraction of

anthraquinone
glycosides and
caffein from senna
leaves and coffee
beans by maceration
and percolation
Zhawen N. Hussein / Msc student
 • Extraction
• Solvent extraction
• Maceration
Outline • Percolation
• Anthraquinone glycosides
• Homework
 • Is a process of separation of a substance from a
matrix.

Extraction • Includes solvent extraction, distillation method,

pressing ,and sublimation.
 (1)liquid-liquid extraction

Solvent (2)solid-liquid extraction.

extraction
 A. Maceration
B. Percolation
C. Decoction

Solid-liquid D. Heat reflux extraction

E Soxhlet extraction
extraction F. Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE)
G.Pressurized solvent extraction(PSE)
H. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)
Maceration
• It is a simple widely used
procedure, involves
leaving the ground plant
to soak in a suitable
solvent (Water, aqueous
and non-aqueous
solvents) for hours or
days in a closed
container at room
temperature.
Percolation
• The powdered plant
material is placed in a
cylindrical or conical
container, solvent is then
poured on top of the
plant material and
allowed to percolate
slowly (dropwise) out of
the bottom of the
percolator.
 • Glycosides are compounds that yield one or
more sugars among the products of hydrolysis.

• The nonsugar component of a glycoside is

Anthraquinone known as aglycon.
• The sugar component is called the glycon.
glycoside
• Found in senna leaves Cassia acutifolia, Cassia
angustifolia
Family:Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Anthraquinone
glycosides
• Solvent of extraction 50%
ethanol.
• Used as stimulant cathartics.
 • Is it safe to use senna in pediatrics and pregnant
patients? Explain.
Homework • What are the advantages and disadvantages of
maceration and percolation?