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Biol2120 Cell Biology: 9. Cancer
Biol2120 Cell Biology: 9. Cancer
Biol2120 Cell Biology: 9. Cancer
9. Cancer –
Cancer Cells
A First
Look
Benign and malignant tumors
2
Types of cancers
3
Cancer Cell Proliferation Is
Anchorage-Independent and
Insensitive to Population Density
4
• Normal cells grown in
culture divide until the
surface of the vessel
is covered by a
single layer of cells
(density-dependent Normal cells
inhibition of growth)
7
Apoptosis
• Cell death is controlled mainly by pathways that
trigger apoptosis to remove unnecessary or
defective cells
8
Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor
Genes
9
Oncogenes Are Genes Whose
Products Can Trigger the Development
of Cancer
10
Proto-oncogenes Are Converted into
Oncogenes by Several Distinct
Mechanisms
11
Chromosomal Translocation
12
13
Most Oncogenes Code for
Components of Growth-Signaling
Pathways
14
1. Growth factors
3. Plasma membrane
2. Receptors GTP-Binding
proteins
4. Protein Kinases
17
http://www.doctortipster.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Retinoblastoma.jpg
19
Role of Rb
• The product of the RB gene, Rb protein controls the G1 to S
phase progression in the cell cycle
20
The p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene Is the
Most Frequently Mutated Gene in Human
Cancers
21
p53 in cancer
22
23
Inactivation of Some Tumor
Suppressor Genes Leads to Genetic
Instability
24
Defects in mitosis
• This results in
aneuploidy (abnormal
number of
chromosomes)
25
• Cancer cells may exhibit defects in the
mitotic spindle checkpoint, which
normally prevents anaphase until all the
chromosomes are correctly attached to
the spindle
26
Gatekeepers and caretakers
27
Cancers Develop by the Stepwise
Accumulation of Mutations Involving
Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor
Genes
28