Concessionaire:

S S Infrazone Pvt. Ltd.

IMPROVEMENT TO 2 LANE WITH PAVED SHOULDER OF NH-40 SECTION FROM KM

81+740 TO KM 93+490 (DESIGN KM 0+000 TO KM 10+670) & IMPROVEMENT TO 4
LANE SECTION OF NH-44 FROM DESIGN KM 0+000 TO KM 0+930, TOTAL LENGTH

Design of Retaining Wall

Document/ File No: SSIPL/ST/RW/01

Design Consultants: Dec, 2021

M 802, JMD Garden, Sec 33, Sohna Road, Gurgaon – 122018, Haryana
Project Title :

2-Lane with paved shoulder/4-laning of Shillong - Dawki section of NH-40 in the

State of Meghalaya on EPC Mode under JICA - Package 1 (Ch 0+000 to 34+600).

Concessionaire :

S S Infrazone Pvt. Ltd.

Title :

Design of PCC Retaining Wall

SSIPL/ST/PCC/RW/01
Document/ File No:
Date : Dec, 2021
Description :
Design of PCC Retaining Wall

Prepared by VK
Checked by NK
Approved by NK

16-12-2021 R0 For Approval NK

Date Revision Description Approved by
2-Lane with paved shoulder/4-laning of Shillong - Dawki section of
NH-40 in the State of Meghalaya on EPC Mode under JICA -
Package 1 (Ch 0+000 to 34+600).

Design of Retaining Wall

Sl. No. Description

1) Design of PCC Retaining Wall 1.0 m Height
2) Design of PCC Retaining Wall 1.5 m Height
3) Design of PCC Retaining Wall 2.0 m Height
4) Design of PCC Retaining Wall 2.5 m Height
5) Design of PCC Retaining Wall 3.0 m Height
6) Design of PCC Retaining Wall 3.5 m Height
7) Design of PCC Retaining Wall 4.0 m Height
8) Design of PCC Retaining Wall 4.5 m Height
9) Design of PCC Retaining Wall 5.0 m Height
Design of PCC Retaining Wall:

Height of retaining wall from GL = 1.00 m

0.3

1 Height of Wall above GL

6
Earth Fill
G.L.
b
0.6 2
5 1

0.1 8 1 3 0.1
0.3 7 0.3
2 4

1.2 0.5 1
2.7

Density of Concrete
Grade of Concrete
Grade of Reinforcement
Safe Bearing capacity
3
= 2.3 t/m
= M 20
= Fe 500
2
= 10 t/m
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Self weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
1 Wt. of Heel slab(Taper portion) 0.5 1.2 0.1 0.14 -1.90 -0.26 Transverse (+ve)
2 Wt. of Heel slab(St. portion) 1 1.2 0.3 0.83 -2.10 -1.74
3 Wt. of Toe slab(Taper portion) 0.5 1 0.1 0.12 -0.67 -0.08
4 Wt. of Toe slab(St. portion) 1 1 0.3 0.69 -0.50 -0.35
5 Wt. of Stem (Taper portion) 0.5 0.2 1.6 0.37 -1.37 -0.50
6 Wt. of Stem (St. portion) 1 0.3 1.6 1.10 -1.15 -1.27
7 Wt. of Intermediate portion 1 0.5 0.4 0.46 -1.25 -0.58 Longitudinal
Total 3.70 -4.77 (+ve)
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Earth weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
8 (a) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 1.2 0.1 0.12 -2.30 -0.28
(b) Wt. of soil above heel(St. portion) 1 1.2 1.6 3.84 -2.10 -8.06
(c) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 0.2 1.6 0.32 -1.43 -0.46
Total 4.28 -8.80
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Live Load Surcharge weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
13 Live load surcharge 1 1.4 1.2 3.36 -2 -6.72
Total 3.36 -6.72

Earth Pressure calculation:

f = Angle of internal friction, = 35 °
d = Angle of friction between soil and concrete = 22.5 °
i = Surcharge angle = 0 °
a = Angle of wall face with horizontal = 82.87 °
3
g = Dry density of earth = 2 t/m
Coefficient of Active earth pressure
From Coulomb's theory of active earth pressure

Ka = 0.298

LWL Condition : Top level

Earth Pressure intensity p1 = 0.298x2x2
2
= 1.19 t/m

F1 = 1/2x1.19x2xCOS(29.625)
= 1.04 2

Lever arm from base = 2x0.42 F1

= 0.84

Total Earth pressure FE = 1.04 t/m Foundation level

Total Moment about base MEP = 1.04X0.84 p1
= 0.87 tm/m
Live load surcharge pressure from Heel side: Top level

Surcharge intensity ( 1.2m earth Fill) = 2.4 t/m2

Surcharge pressure intensity p1 = 0.298x2.4
= 0.72 t/m2
LWL condition :
Surcharge pressure F1 = 0.72 x 2 x Cos(29.625) F1 2
= 1.24
Lever arm from base = 1m

Total surcharge pressure FL = 1.24 t/m

Total Moment about base MLL = 1.24X1
= 1.25 tm/m Foundation level
p1
Summary of all forces :
V H Moment
Description
t/m t/m tm/m
Self weight about toe 3.70 - -4.77
Backfill weight about toe 4.28 - -8.80
Live load surcharge vertical 3.36 - -6.72
Live Load surcharge horizontal - 1.24 1.25
Earth Pressure - 1.04 0.87

Check for base pressure:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description
V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 3.70 - -4.77 1 3.70 - -4.77
2 Backfill weight 4.28 - -8.80 1 4.28 - -8.80
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 3.36 - -6.72 1 3.36 - -6.72
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 1.24 1.25 1 - 1.24 1.25
4 Earth pressure - 1.04 0.87 1 - 1.04 0.87
Total 11.343 2.3 -18.2 11.3 2.3 -18.2
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 11.3 t/m
M = -18.2 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -1.60 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.25 m
L (base width) = 2.7 m
Base pressure at toe = 1.85 t/m2 < 10 t/m2 OK
2
Base pressure at heel = 6.55 t/m

Check for overturning and sliding:

Type of Forces (Unfactored) Load factor
Sl. No. Description
forces V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) Overturning Restoring
1 Self weight 3.70 - -4.77 - 0.95
Restoring 2 Backfill weight 4.28 - -8.80 - 0.95
3 (a) Live load sucharge(V) 3.36 - -6.72 - 0.00
Overturnin (b) Live load sucharge(H) - 1.24 1.25 1.20 -
g 4 Earth pressure - 1.04 0.87 1.50 -
Total 11.343 2.3 -18.2
Factored Moment(tm/m) 2.80 12.89
Check Against over-turning :

FOS overturning = 4.60 > 2 OK

Check Against Sliding Force :

Coefficient of base friction m

m = 0.5
Sliding Force SH = 3.05
Restoring Force m *S V = 3.79
FOS|sliding = 1.12 > 1 OK

Calculation of forces for design of base slab:

For ULS:
Base pressure calculation :
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 3.70 - -4.77 1.35 5.00 - -6.44
2 Backfill weight 4.28 - -8.80 1.5 6.42 - -13.20
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 3.36 - -6.72 1.2 4.03 - -8.06
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 1.24 1.25 1.2 - 1.49 1.49
4 Earth pressure - 1.04 0.87 1.5 - 1.56 1.31
Total 11.343 2.3 -18.2 15.5 3.1 -24.9

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 15.5 t/m
M = -24.9 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -1.61 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.26 m
L (base width ) = 2.7 m
Base pressure at toe = 2.40 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 9.05 t/m2
 1.2 1
0.5

A B C D

9.05
2.40
6.09
4.86
Downward pressure at different points:
Description Forces (unfactored) (t/m2) Load Forces (factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 0.92 0.92 0.69 1.35 0.93 1.24 1.24 0.93
Due to earth weight 3.40 3.20 0 0.00 1.5 5.10 4.80 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 1.2 2.88 2.88 - -
Total 6.49 6.52 0.92 0.69 8.91 8.92 1.24 0.93
Net base pressure diagram:

S
deff
-0.14 0.4
2.83

3.62
1.47
2.76
S
Bending moment at toe = 1.09 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 0.61 tm/m
Shear force at toe = 1.27 t/m
Shear force at heel = 1.62 t/m

For SLS:
For rare combinations:
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 3.70 - -4.77 1 3.70 - -4.77
2 Backfill weight 4.28 - -8.80 1 4.28 - -8.80
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 3.36 - -6.72 0.8 2.69 - -5.38
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 1.24 1.25 0.8 - 1.00 1.00
4 Earth pressure - 1.04 0.87 1 - 1.04 0.87
Total 11.343 2.3 -18.2 10.7 2.0 -17.1
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 10.7 t/m
M = -17.1 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -1.60 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.25 m
L = base width = 2.7 m
Base pressure at toe = 1.75 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 6.15 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Forces(Unfactored)(t/m2) Load Forces (Factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 0.92 0.92 0.69 1 0.69 0.92 0.92 0.69
Due to earth weight 3.40 3.20 0 0.00 1 3.40 3.20 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 0.8 1.92 1.92 - -
Total 6.49 6.52 0.92 0.69 6.01 6.04 0.92 0.69
Base pressure at different points:
Description A B C D
2
Base pressure(t/m ) 6.15 4.20 3.38 1.75

Net base pressure diagram:

-0.14 1.84 1

1.2
2.46 1.06
Bending moment at toe = 0.76 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 0.37 tm/m

For Quasi combination:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 3.70 - -4.77 1 3.70 - -4.77
2 Backfill weight 4.28 - -8.80 1 4.28 - -8.80
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 3.36 - -6.72 0 0.00 - 0.00
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 1.24 1.25 0 - 0.00 0.00
4 Earth pressure - 1.04 0.87 1 - 1.04 0.87
Total 11.343 2.3 -18.2 8.0 1.0 -12.7

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 8.0 t/m
M = -12.7 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -1.59 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.24 m
L = base width = 2.7 m
Base pressure at toe = 1.38 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 4.54 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Load factor A B C D
Due to base slab 1 0.69 0.92 0.92 0.69
Due to earth weight 1 3.40 3.20 0 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 0 0.00 0.00 - -
Total 4.09 4.12 0.92 0.69

Base pressure at different points:

Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 4.54 3.13 2.55 1.38

Net base pressure diagram:

-0.45 0.99
1

1.2
1.63 0.69

Bending moment at toe = 0.50 tm/m

Bending moment at Heel = 0.02 tm/m
Summary of forces for design of base slab:
Sl. No. Description Shear Moment
force(t/m) tm/m
1 For ULS Toe 1.27 1.09
Heel 1.62 0.61
2 For rare comb. Toe - 0.76
Heel - 0.37
3 For quasi comb. Toe - 0.50
Heel - 0.02

Design of Toe Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 351.52 mm < 400.00 mm OK

Design of Heel Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 263.53 mm < 400.00 mm OK

Calculation of forces for design of stem:

0.3

0.311
1.6
2
1
0.50
deff
0.83
0.5
 1.04 0.72
Earth pressure Live load surcharge
diagram dia.
Total forces on stem: (ULS)
Lever arm Load Factored
Description
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor load M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 1.15 0.80 1.2 1.38 1.10
Due to earth pressure - 0.66 0.67 1.5 1.00 0.67
Total 0 1.81 2.37 1.77
Total forces on stem: (SLS)
For rare combination For quasi permanent combination
Description lever arm Load M lever arm Load
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor (tm/m) V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 1.15 0.80 0.8 0.73 - 1.15 0.8 0 0
Due to earth pressure - 0.66 0.53 1 0.35 - 0.66 0.53 1 0.35
Total 0 1.81 1.09 0 1.81 0.35

Design of Stem :
Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 447.62 mm < 500.00 mm OK

Design of PCC Retaining Wall:

Height of retaining wall from GL = 1.50 m

0.3

1.5 Height of Wall above GL

6
Earth Fill
G.L.
b
0.5 2.5
5 1

0.2 8 1 3 0.2
0.3 7 0.3
2 4

1.35 0.65 1.1

3.1

Density of Concrete
Grade of Concrete
Grade of Reinforcement
Safe Bearing capacity
3
= 2.3 t/m
= M 20
= Fe 500
2
= 10 t/m
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Self weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
1 Wt. of Heel slab(Taper portion) 0.5 1.35 0.2 0.31 -2.20 -0.68 Transverse (+ve)
2 Wt. of Heel slab(St. portion) 1 1.35 0.3 0.93 -2.43 -2.26
3 Wt. of Toe slab(Taper portion) 0.5 1.1 0.2 0.25 -0.73 -0.19
4 Wt. of Toe slab(St. portion) 1 1.1 0.3 0.76 -0.55 -0.42
5 Wt. of Stem (Taper portion) 0.5 0.35 2 0.81 -1.52 -1.22
6 Wt. of Stem (St. portion) 1 0.3 2 1.38 -1.25 -1.73
7 Wt. of Intermediate portion 1 0.65 0.5 0.75 -1.43 -1.07 Longitudinal
Total 5.19 -7.56 (+ve)
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Earth weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
8 (a) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 1.35 0.2 0.27 -2.65 -0.72
(b) Wt. of soil above heel(St. portion) 1 1.35 2 5.40 -2.43 -13.10
(c) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 0.35 2 0.70 -1.63 -1.14
Total 6.37 -14.95
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Live Load Surcharge weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
13 Live load surcharge 1 1.7 1.2 4.08 -2.25 -9.18
Total 4.08 -9.18

Earth Pressure calculation:

f = Angle of internal friction, = 35 °
d = Angle of friction between soil and concrete = 22.5 °
i = Surcharge angle = 0 °
a = Angle of wall face with horizontal = 80.07 °
3
g = Dry density of earth = 2 t/m
Coefficient of Active earth pressure
From Coulomb's theory of active earth pressure

Ka = 0.322

LWL Condition : Top level

Earth Pressure intensity p1 = 0.322x2x2.5
2
= 1.61 t/m

F1 = 1/2x1.61x2.5xCOS(32.426)
= 1.70 2.5

Lever arm from base = 2.5x0.42 F1

= 1.05

Total Earth pressure FE = 1.70 t/m Foundation level

Total Moment about base MEP = 1.7X1.05 p1
= 1.79 tm/m
Live load surcharge pressure from Heel side: Top level

Surcharge intensity ( 1.2m earth Fill) = 2.4 t/m2

Surcharge pressure intensity p1 = 0.322x2.4
= 0.77 t/m2
LWL condition :
Surcharge pressure F1 = 0.77 x 2.5 x Cos(32.426) F1 2.5
= 1.63
Lever arm from base = 1.25 m

Total surcharge pressure FL = 1.63 t/m

Total Moment about base MLL = 1.63X1.25
= 2.04 tm/m Foundation level
p1
Summary of all forces :
V H Moment
Description
t/m t/m tm/m
Self weight about toe 5.19 - -7.56
Backfill weight about toe 6.37 - -14.95
Live load surcharge vertical 4.08 - -9.18
Live Load surcharge horizontal - 1.63 2.04
Earth Pressure - 1.70 1.79

Check for base pressure:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description
V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 5.19 - -7.56 1 5.19 - -7.56
2 Backfill weight 6.37 - -14.95 1 6.37 - -14.95
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 4.08 - -9.18 1 4.08 - -9.18
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 1.63 2.04 1 - 1.63 2.04
4 Earth pressure - 1.70 1.79 1 - 1.70 1.79
Total 15.6365 3.3 -27.9 15.6 3.3 -27.9
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 15.6 t/m
M = -27.9 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -1.78 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.23 m
L (base width) = 3.1 m
Base pressure at toe = 2.78 t/m2 < 10 t/m2 OK
2
Base pressure at heel = 7.31 t/m

Check for overturning and sliding:

Type of Forces (Unfactored) Load factor
Sl. No. Description
forces V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) Overturning Restoring
1 Self weight 5.19 - -7.56 - 0.95
Restoring 2 Backfill weight 6.37 - -14.95 - 0.95
3 (a) Live load sucharge(V) 4.08 - -9.18 - 0.00
Overturnin (b) Live load sucharge(H) - 1.63 2.04 1.20 -
g 4 Earth pressure - 1.70 1.79 1.50 -
Total 15.6365 3.3 -27.9
Factored Moment(tm/m) 5.13 21.38
Check Against over-turning :

FOS overturning = 4.17 > 2 OK

Check Against Sliding Force :

Coefficient of base friction m

m = 0.5
Sliding Force SH = 4.51
Restoring Force m *S V = 5.49
FOS|sliding = 1.10 > 1 OK

Calculation of forces for design of base slab:

For ULS:
Base pressure calculation :
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 5.19 - -7.56 1.35 7.00 - -10.20
2 Backfill weight 6.37 - -14.95 1.5 9.56 - -22.43
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 4.08 - -9.18 1.2 4.90 - -11.02
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 1.63 2.04 1.2 - 1.96 2.45
4 Earth pressure - 1.70 1.79 1.5 - 2.55 2.68
Total 15.6365 3.3 -27.9 21.5 4.5 -38.5

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 21.5 t/m
M = -38.5 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -1.80 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.25 m
L (base width ) = 3.1 m
Base pressure at toe = 3.63 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 10.21 t/m2
 1.35 1.1
0.65

A B C D

10.21
3.63
7.34
5.97
Downward pressure at different points:
Description Forces (unfactored) (t/m2) Load Forces (factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 1.15 1.15 0.69 1.35 0.93 1.55 1.55 0.93
Due to earth weight 4.40 4.00 0 0.00 1.5 6.60 6.00 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 1.2 2.88 2.88 - -
Total 7.49 7.55 1.15 0.69 10.41 10.43 1.55 0.93
Net base pressure diagram:

S
deff
0.20 0.5
3.09

4.41
2.70
3.63
S
Bending moment at toe = 1.98 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 1.06 tm/m
Shear force at toe = 1.90 t/m
Shear force at heel = 2.22 t/m

For SLS:
For rare combinations:
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 5.19 - -7.56 1 5.19 - -7.56
2 Backfill weight 6.37 - -14.95 1 6.37 - -14.95
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 4.08 - -9.18 0.8 3.26 - -7.34
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 1.63 2.04 0.8 - 1.31 1.63
4 Earth pressure - 1.70 1.79 1 - 1.70 1.79
Total 15.6365 3.3 -27.9 14.8 3.0 -26.4
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 14.8 t/m
M = -26.4 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -1.78 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.23 m
L = base width = 3.1 m
Base pressure at toe = 2.62 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 6.94 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Forces(Unfactored)(t/m2) Load Forces (Factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 1.15 1.15 0.69 1 0.69 1.15 1.15 0.69
Due to earth weight 4.40 4.00 0 0.00 1 4.40 4.00 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 0.8 1.92 1.92 - -
Total 7.49 7.55 1.15 0.69 7.01 7.07 1.15 0.69
Base pressure at different points:
Description A B C D
2
Base pressure(t/m ) 6.94 5.06 4.15 2.62

Net base pressure diagram:

0.07 2.01 1.1

1.35
3.00 1.93
Bending moment at toe = 1.38 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 0.65 tm/m

For Quasi combination:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 5.19 - -7.56 1 5.19 - -7.56
2 Backfill weight 6.37 - -14.95 1 6.37 - -14.95
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 4.08 - -9.18 0 0.00 - 0.00
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 1.63 2.04 0 - 0.00 0.00
4 Earth pressure - 1.70 1.79 1 - 1.70 1.79
Total 15.6365 3.3 -27.9 11.6 1.7 -20.7

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 11.6 t/m
M = -20.7 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -1.79 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.24 m
L = base width = 3.1 m
Base pressure at toe = 1.97 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 5.48 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Load factor A B C D
Due to base slab 1 0.69 1.15 1.15 0.69
Due to earth weight 1 4.40 4.00 0 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 0 0.00 0.00 - -
Total 5.09 5.15 1.15 0.69

Base pressure at different points:

Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 5.48 3.95 3.22 1.97

Net base pressure diagram:

-0.39 1.20
1.1

1.35
2.07 1.28

Bending moment at toe = 0.93 tm/m

Bending moment at Heel = 0.12 tm/m
Summary of forces for design of base slab:
Sl. No. Description Shear Moment
force(t/m) tm/m
1 For ULS Toe 1.90 1.98
Heel 2.22 1.06
2 For rare comb. Toe - 1.38
Heel - 0.65
3 For quasi comb. Toe - 0.93
Heel - 0.12

Design of Toe Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 473.33 mm < 500.00 mm OK

Design of Heel Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 346.59 mm < 500.00 mm OK

Calculation of forces for design of stem:

0.3

0.544
2
2.5
1
0.65
deff
1.09
0.65
 1.36 0.77
Earth pressure Live load surcharge
diagram dia.
Total forces on stem: (ULS)
Lever arm Load Factored
Description
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor load M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 1.55 1.00 1.2 1.86 1.86
Due to earth pressure - 1.09 0.84 1.5 1.63 1.37
Total 0 2.64 3.49 3.23
Total forces on stem: (SLS)
For rare combination For quasi permanent combination
Description lever arm Load M lever arm Load
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor (tm/m) V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 1.55 1.00 0.8 1.24 - 1.55 1 0 0
Due to earth pressure - 1.09 0.67 1 0.73 - 1.09 0.67 1 0.73
Total 0 2.64 1.96 0 2.64 0.73

Design of Stem :
Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 604.54 mm < 650.00 mm OK

Design of PCC Retaining Wall:

Height of retaining wall from GL = 2.00 m

0.3

2 Height of Wall above GL

6
Earth Fill
G.L.
b
0.5 3.15
5 1.15

0.35 8 1 3 0.35
0.3 7 0.3
2 4

1.6 0.9 1.2

3.7

Density of Concrete
Grade of Concrete
Grade of Reinforcement
Safe Bearing capacity
3
= 2.3 t/m
= M 20
= Fe 500
2
= 10 t/m
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Self weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
1 Wt. of Heel slab(Taper portion) 0.5 1.6 0.35 0.64 -2.63 -1.70 Transverse (+ve)
2 Wt. of Heel slab(St. portion) 1 1.6 0.3 1.10 -2.90 -3.20
3 Wt. of Toe slab(Taper portion) 0.5 1.2 0.35 0.48 -0.80 -0.39
4 Wt. of Toe slab(St. portion) 1 1.2 0.3 0.83 -0.60 -0.50
5 Wt. of Stem (Taper portion) 0.5 0.6 2.5 1.73 -1.70 -2.93
6 Wt. of Stem (St. portion) 1 0.3 2.5 1.73 -1.35 -2.33
7 Wt. of Intermediate portion 1 0.9 0.65 1.35 -1.65 -2.22 Longitudinal
Total 7.85 -13.26 (+ve)
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Earth weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
8 (a) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 1.6 0.35 0.56 -3.17 -1.77
(b) Wt. of soil above heel(St. portion) 1 1.6 2.5 8.00 -2.90 -23.20
(c) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 0.6 2.5 1.50 -1.90 -2.85
Total 10.06 -27.82
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Live Load Surcharge weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
13 Live load surcharge 1 2.2 1.2 5.28 -2.6 -13.73
Total 5.28 -13.73

Earth Pressure calculation:

f = Angle of internal friction, = 35 °
d = Angle of friction between soil and concrete = 22.5 °
i = Surcharge angle = 0 °
a = Angle of wall face with horizontal = 76.50 °
3
g = Dry density of earth = 2 t/m
Coefficient of Active earth pressure
From Coulomb's theory of active earth pressure

Ka = 0.355

LWL Condition : Top level

Earth Pressure intensity p1 = 0.355x2x3.15
2
= 2.24 t/m

F1 = 1/2x2.24x3.15xCOS(35.996)
= 2.85 3.15

Lever arm from base = 3.15x0.42 F1

= 1.323

Total Earth pressure FE = 2.85 t/m Foundation level

Total Moment about base MEP = 2.85X1.323 p1
= 3.78 tm/m
Live load surcharge pressure from Heel side: Top level

Surcharge intensity ( 1.2m earth Fill) = 2.4 t/m2

Surcharge pressure intensity p1 = 0.355x2.4
= 0.85 t/m2
LWL condition :
Surcharge pressure F1 = 0.85 x 3.15 x Cos(35.996) F1 3.15
= 2.17
Lever arm from base = 1.575 m

Total surcharge pressure FL = 2.17 t/m

Total Moment about base MLL = 2.17X1.575
= 3.42 tm/m Foundation level
p1
Summary of all forces :
V H Moment
Description
t/m t/m tm/m
Self weight about toe 7.85 - -13.26
Backfill weight about toe 10.06 - -27.82
Live load surcharge vertical 5.28 - -13.73
Live Load surcharge horizontal - 2.17 3.42
Earth Pressure - 2.85 3.78

Check for base pressure:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description
V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 7.85 - -13.26 1 7.85 - -13.26
2 Backfill weight 10.06 - -27.82 1 10.06 - -27.82
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 5.28 - -13.73 1 5.28 - -13.73
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 2.17 3.42 1 - 2.17 3.42
4 Earth pressure - 2.85 3.78 1 - 2.85 3.78
Total 23.1945 5.0 -47.6 23.2 5.0 -47.6
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 23.2 t/m
M = -47.6 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -2.05 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.20 m
L (base width) = 3.7 m
Base pressure at toe = 4.21 t/m2 < 10 t/m2 OK
2
Base pressure at heel = 8.33 t/m

Check for overturning and sliding:

Type of Forces (Unfactored) Load factor
Sl. No. Description
forces V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) Overturning Restoring
1 Self weight 7.85 - -13.26 - 0.95
Restoring 2 Backfill weight 10.06 - -27.82 - 0.95
3 (a) Live load sucharge(V) 5.28 - -13.73 - 0.00
Overturnin (b) Live load sucharge(H) - 2.17 3.42 1.20 -
g 4 Earth pressure - 2.85 3.78 1.50 -
Total 23.1945 5.0 -47.6
Factored Moment(tm/m) 9.77 39.03
Check Against over-turning :

FOS overturning = 3.99 > 2 OK

Check Against Sliding Force :

Coefficient of base friction m

m = 0.5
Sliding Force SH = 6.89
Restoring Force m *S V = 8.51
FOS|sliding = 1.11 > 1 OK

Calculation of forces for design of base slab:

For ULS:
Base pressure calculation :
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 7.85 - -13.26 1.35 10.60 - -17.90
2 Backfill weight 10.06 - -27.82 1.5 15.09 - -41.74
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 5.28 - -13.73 1.2 6.34 - -16.47
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 2.17 3.42 1.2 - 2.61 4.11
4 Earth pressure - 2.85 3.78 1.5 - 4.28 5.66
Total 23.1945 5.0 -47.6 32.0 6.9 -66.3

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 32.0 t/m
M = -66.3 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -2.07 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.22 m
L (base width ) = 3.7 m
Base pressure at toe = 5.55 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 11.76 t/m2
 1.6 1.2
0.9

A B C D

11.76
5.55
9.08
7.57
Downward pressure at different points:
Description Forces (unfactored) (t/m2) Load Forces (factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 1.50 1.495 0.69 1.35 0.93 2.02 2.02 0.93
Due to earth weight 5.70 5.00 0 0.00 1.5 8.55 7.50 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 1.2 2.88 2.88 - -
Total 8.79 8.90 1.50 0.69 12.36 12.40 2.02 0.93
Net base pressure diagram:

S
deff
0.60 0.65
3.32

5.55
4.62
5.04
S
Bending moment at toe = 3.55 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 1.93 tm/m
Shear force at toe = 2.66 t/m
Shear force at heel = 3.14 t/m

For SLS:
For rare combinations:
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 7.85 - -13.26 1 7.85 - -13.26
2 Backfill weight 10.06 - -27.82 1 10.06 - -27.82
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 5.28 - -13.73 0.8 4.22 - -10.98
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 2.17 3.42 0.8 - 1.74 2.74
4 Earth pressure - 2.85 3.78 1 - 2.85 3.78
Total 23.1945 5.0 -47.6 22.1 4.6 -45.6
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 22.1 t/m
M = -45.6 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -2.06 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.21 m
L = base width = 3.7 m
Base pressure at toe = 3.97 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 8.00 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Forces(Unfactored)(t/m2) Load Forces (Factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 1.50 1.495 0.69 1 0.69 1.50 1.50 0.69
Due to earth weight 5.70 5.00 0 0.00 1 5.70 5.00 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 0.8 1.92 1.92 - -
Total 8.79 8.90 1.495 0.69 8.31 8.42 1.495 0.69
Base pressure at different points:
Description A B C D
2
Base pressure(t/m ) 8.00 6.26 5.28 3.97

Net base pressure diagram:

0.31 2.16 1.2

1.6
3.78 3.28
Bending moment at toe = 2.48 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 1.19 tm/m

For Quasi combination:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 7.85 - -13.26 1 7.85 - -13.26
2 Backfill weight 10.06 - -27.82 1 10.06 - -27.82
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 5.28 - -13.73 0 0.00 - 0.00
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 2.17 3.42 0 - 0.00 0.00
4 Earth pressure - 2.85 3.78 1 - 2.85 3.78
Total 23.1945 5.0 -47.6 17.9 2.9 -37.3

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 17.9 t/m
M = -37.3 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -2.08 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.23 m
L = base width = 3.7 m
Base pressure at toe = 3.01 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 6.67 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Load factor A B C D
Due to base slab 1 0.69 1.50 1.495 0.69
Due to earth weight 1 5.70 5.00 0 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 0 0.00 0.00 - -
Total 6.39 6.50 1.495 0.69

Base pressure at different points:

Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 6.67 5.09 4.20 3.01

Net base pressure diagram:

-0.28 1.41
1.2

1.6
2.70 2.32

Bending moment at toe = 1.77 tm/m

Bending moment at Heel = 0.36 tm/m
Summary of forces for design of base slab:
Sl. No. Description Shear Moment
force(t/m) tm/m
1 For ULS Toe 2.66 3.55
Heel 3.14 1.93
2 For rare comb. Toe - 2.48
Heel - 1.19
3 For quasi comb. Toe - 1.77
Heel - 0.36

Design of Toe Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 633.82 mm < 650.00 mm OK

Design of Heel Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 467.26 mm < 650.00 mm OK

Calculation of forces for design of stem:

0.3

0.863
2.5
3.15
1
0.90
deff
1.44
0.9
 1.81 0.85
Earth pressure Live load surcharge
diagram dia.
Total forces on stem: (ULS)
Lever arm Load Factored
Description
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor load M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 2.13 1.25 1.2 2.56 3.20
Due to earth pressure - 1.80 1.05 1.5 2.70 2.83
Total 0 3.93 5.26 6.03
Total forces on stem: (SLS)
For rare combination For quasi permanent combination
Description lever arm Load M lever arm Load
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor (tm/m) V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 2.13 1.25 0.8 2.13 - 2.13 1.25 0 0
Due to earth pressure - 1.80 0.83 1 1.50 - 1.80 0.83 1 1.50
Total 0 3.93 3.63 0 3.93 1.50

Design of Stem :
Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 826.24 mm < 900.00 mm OK

Design of PCC Retaining Wall:

Height of retaining wall from GL = 2.50 m

0.3

2.5 Height of Wall above GL

6
Earth Fill
G.L.
b
0.5 3.8
5 1.3

0.5 8 1 3 0.5
0.3 7 0.3
2 4

1.8 1.1 1.2

4.1

Density of Concrete
Grade of Concrete
Grade of Reinforcement
Safe Bearing capacity
3
= 2.3 t/m
= M 20
= Fe 500
2
= 10 t/m
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Self weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
1 Wt. of Heel slab(Taper portion) 0.5 1.8 0.5 1.04 -2.90 -3.00 Transverse (+ve)
2 Wt. of Heel slab(St. portion) 1 1.8 0.3 1.24 -3.20 -3.97
3 Wt. of Toe slab(Taper portion) 0.5 1.2 0.5 0.69 -0.80 -0.55
4 Wt. of Toe slab(St. portion) 1 1.2 0.3 0.83 -0.60 -0.50
5 Wt. of Stem (Taper portion) 0.5 0.8 3 2.76 -1.77 -4.88
6 Wt. of Stem (St. portion) 1 0.3 3 2.07 -1.35 -2.79
7 Wt. of Intermediate portion 1 1.1 0.8 2.02 -1.75 -3.54 Longitudinal
Total 10.65 -19.24 (+ve)
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Earth weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
8 (a) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 1.8 0.5 0.90 -3.50 -3.15
(b) Wt. of soil above heel(St. portion) 1 1.8 3 10.80 -3.20 -34.56
(c) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 0.8 3 2.40 -2.03 -4.88
Total 14.10 -42.59
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Live Load Surcharge weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
13 Live load surcharge 1 2.6 1.2 6.24 -2.8 -17.47
Total 6.24 -17.47

Earth Pressure calculation:

f = Angle of internal friction, = 35 °
d = Angle of friction between soil and concrete = 22.5 °
i = Surcharge angle = 0 °
a = Angle of wall face with horizontal = 75.07 °
3
g = Dry density of earth = 2 t/m
Coefficient of Active earth pressure
From Coulomb's theory of active earth pressure

Ka = 0.370

LWL Condition : Top level

Earth Pressure intensity p1 = 0.37x2x3.8
2
= 2.81 t/m

F1 = 1/2x2.81x3.8xCOS(37.431)
= 4.24 3.8

Lever arm from base = 3.8x0.42 F1

= 1.596

Total Earth pressure FE = 4.24 t/m Foundation level

Total Moment about base MEP = 4.24X1.596 p1
= 6.77 tm/m
Live load surcharge pressure from Heel side: Top level

Surcharge intensity ( 1.2m earth Fill) = 2.4 t/m2

Surcharge pressure intensity p1 = 0.37x2.4
= 0.89 t/m2
LWL condition :
Surcharge pressure F1 = 0.89 x 3.8 x Cos(37.431) F1 3.8
= 2.68
Lever arm from base = 1.9 m

Total surcharge pressure FL = 2.68 t/m

Total Moment about base MLL = 2.68X1.9
= 5.09 tm/m Foundation level
p1
Summary of all forces :
V H Moment
Description
t/m t/m tm/m
Self weight about toe 10.65 - -19.24
Backfill weight about toe 14.10 - -42.59
Live load surcharge vertical 6.24 - -17.47
Live Load surcharge horizontal - 2.68 5.09
Earth Pressure - 4.24 6.77

Check for base pressure:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description
V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 10.65 - -19.24 1 10.65 - -19.24
2 Backfill weight 14.10 - -42.59 1 14.10 - -42.59
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 6.24 - -17.47 1 6.24 - -17.47
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 2.68 5.09 1 - 2.68 5.09
4 Earth pressure - 4.24 6.77 1 - 4.24 6.77
Total 30.989 6.9 -67.4 31.0 6.9 -67.4
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 31.0 t/m
M = -67.4 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -2.18 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.13 m
L (base width) = 4.1 m
Base pressure at toe = 6.16 t/m2 < 10 t/m2 OK
2
Base pressure at heel = 8.96 t/m

Check for overturning and sliding:

Type of Forces (Unfactored) Load factor
Sl. No. Description
forces V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) Overturning Restoring
1 Self weight 10.65 - -19.24 - 0.95
Restoring 2 Backfill weight 14.10 - -42.59 - 0.95
3 (a) Live load sucharge(V) 6.24 - -17.47 - 0.00
Overturnin (b) Live load sucharge(H) - 2.68 5.09 1.20 -
g 4 Earth pressure - 4.24 6.77 1.50 -
Total 30.989 6.9 -67.4
Factored Moment(tm/m) 16.25 58.74
Check Against over-turning :

FOS overturning = 3.61 > 2 OK

Check Against Sliding Force :

Coefficient of base friction m

m = 0.5
Sliding Force SH = 9.57
Restoring Force m *S V = 11.76
FOS|sliding = 1.11 > 1 OK

Calculation of forces for design of base slab:

For ULS:
Base pressure calculation :
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 10.65 - -19.24 1.35 14.38 - -25.97
2 Backfill weight 14.10 - -42.59 1.5 21.15 - -63.89
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 6.24 - -17.47 1.2 7.49 - -20.97
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 2.68 5.09 1.2 - 3.21 6.10
4 Earth pressure - 4.24 6.77 1.5 - 6.36 10.15
Total 30.989 6.9 -67.4 43.0 9.6 -94.6

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 43.0 t/m
M = -94.6 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -2.20 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.15 m
L (base width ) = 4.1 m
Base pressure at toe = 8.21 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 12.77 t/m2
 1.8 1.2
1.1

A B C D

12.77
8.21
10.77
9.55
Downward pressure at different points:
Description Forces (unfactored) (t/m2) Load Forces (factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 1.84 1.84 0.69 1.35 0.93 2.48 2.48 0.93
Due to earth weight 7.00 6.00 0 0.00 1.5 10.50 9.00 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 1.2 2.88 2.88 - -
Total 10.09 10.24 1.84 0.69 14.31 14.36 2.48 0.93
Net base pressure diagram:

S
deff
1.54 0.8
3.59

7.06
7.28
7.21
S
Bending moment at toe = 5.19 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 3.60 tm/m
Shear force at toe = 2.90 t/m
Shear force at heel = 4.62 t/m

For SLS:
For rare combinations:
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 10.65 - -19.24 1 10.65 - -19.24
2 Backfill weight 14.10 - -42.59 1 14.10 - -42.59
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 6.24 - -17.47 0.8 4.99 - -13.98
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 2.68 5.09 0.8 - 2.14 4.07
4 Earth pressure - 4.24 6.77 1 - 4.24 6.77
Total 30.989 6.9 -67.4 29.7 6.4 -65.0
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 29.7 t/m
M = -65.0 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -2.18 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.13 m
L = base width = 4.1 m
Base pressure at toe = 5.83 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 8.68 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Forces(Unfactored)(t/m2) Load Forces (Factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 1.84 1.84 0.69 1 0.69 1.84 1.84 0.69
Due to earth weight 7.00 6.00 0 0.00 1 7.00 6.00 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 0.8 1.92 1.92 - -
Total 10.09 10.24 1.84 0.69 9.61 9.76 1.84 0.69
Base pressure at different points:
Description A B C D
2
Base pressure(t/m ) 8.68 7.43 6.66 5.83

Net base pressure diagram:

0.93 2.33 1.2

1.8
4.82 5.14
Bending moment at toe = 3.62 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 2.26 tm/m

For Quasi combination:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 10.65 - -19.24 1 10.65 - -19.24
2 Backfill weight 14.10 - -42.59 1 14.10 - -42.59
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 6.24 - -17.47 0 0.00 - 0.00
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 2.68 5.09 0 - 0.00 0.00
4 Earth pressure - 4.24 6.77 1 - 4.24 6.77
Total 30.989 6.9 -67.4 24.7 4.2 -55.1

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 24.7 t/m
M = -55.1 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -2.22 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.17 m
L = base width = 4.1 m
Base pressure at toe = 4.49 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 7.58 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Load factor A B C D
Due to base slab 1 0.69 1.84 1.84 0.69
Due to earth weight 1 7.00 6.00 0 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 0 0.00 0.00 - -
Total 7.69 7.84 1.84 0.69

Base pressure at different points:

Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 7.58 6.22 5.40 4.49

Net base pressure diagram:

0.11 1.62
1.2

1.8
3.56 3.80

Bending moment at toe = 2.68 tm/m

Bending moment at Heel = 0.99 tm/m
Summary of forces for design of base slab:
Sl. No. Description Shear Moment
force(t/m) tm/m
1 For ULS Toe 2.90 5.19
Heel 4.62 3.60
2 For rare comb. Toe - 3.62
Heel - 2.26
3 For quasi comb. Toe - 2.68
Heel - 0.99

Design of Toe Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 766.44 mm < 800.00 mm OK

Design of Heel Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 638.77 mm < 800.00 mm OK

Calculation of forces for design of stem:

0.3

1.174
3
3.8
1
1.10
deff
1.76
1.1
 2.23 0.89
Earth pressure Live load surcharge
diagram dia.
Total forces on stem: (ULS)
Lever arm Load Factored
Description
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor load M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 2.66 1.50 1.2 3.19 4.79
Due to earth pressure - 2.64 1.26 1.5 3.96 4.99
Total 0 5.30 7.16 9.79
Total forces on stem: (SLS)
For rare combination For quasi permanent combination
Description lever arm Load M lever arm Load
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor (tm/m) V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 2.66 1.50 0.8 3.19 - 2.66 1.5 0 0
Due to earth pressure - 2.64 1.00 1 2.64 - 2.64 1.00 1 2.64
Total 0 5.30 5.84 0 5.30 2.64

Design of Stem :
Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 1052.55 mm < 1100.00 mm OK

Design of PCC Retaining Wall:

Height of retaining wall from GL = 3.00 m

0.3

3 Height of Wall above GL

6
Earth Fill
G.L.
b
0.5 4.5
5 1.5

0.7 8 1 3 0.7
0.3 7 0.3
2 4

2 1.4 1.4
4.8

Density of Concrete
Grade of Concrete
Grade of Reinforcement
Safe Bearing capacity
3
= 2.3 t/m
= M 20
= Fe 500
2
= 11 t/m
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Self weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
1 Wt. of Heel slab(Taper portion) 0.5 2 0.7 1.61 -3.47 -5.58 Transverse (+ve)
2 Wt. of Heel slab(St. portion) 1 2 0.3 1.38 -3.80 -5.24
3 Wt. of Toe slab(Taper portion) 0.5 1.4 0.7 1.13 -0.93 -1.05
4 Wt. of Toe slab(St. portion) 1 1.4 0.3 0.97 -0.70 -0.68
5 Wt. of Stem (Taper portion) 0.5 1.1 3.5 4.43 -2.07 -9.15
6 Wt. of Stem (St. portion) 1 0.3 3.5 2.42 -1.55 -3.74
7 Wt. of Intermediate portion 1 1.4 1 3.22 -2.10 -6.76 Longitudinal
Total 15.15 -32.21 (+ve)
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Earth weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
8 (a) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 2 0.7 1.40 -4.13 -5.79
(b) Wt. of soil above heel(St. portion) 1 2 3.5 14.00 -3.80 -53.20
(c) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 1.1 3.5 3.85 -2.43 -9.37
Total 19.25 -68.36
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Live Load Surcharge weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
13 Live load surcharge 1 3.1 1.2 7.44 -3.25 -24.18
Total 7.44 -24.18

Earth Pressure calculation:

f = Angle of internal friction, = 35 °
d = Angle of friction between soil and concrete = 22.5 °
i = Surcharge angle = 0 °
a = Angle of wall face with horizontal = 72.55 °
3
g = Dry density of earth = 2 t/m
Coefficient of Active earth pressure
From Coulomb's theory of active earth pressure

Ka = 0.396

LWL Condition : Top level

Earth Pressure intensity p1 = 0.396x2x4.5
2
= 3.57 t/m

F1 = 1/2x3.57x4.5xCOS(39.947)
= 6.15 4.5

Lever arm from base = 4.5x0.42 F1

= 1.89

Total Earth pressure FE = 6.15 t/m Foundation level

Total Moment about base MEP = 6.15X1.89 p1
= 11.63 tm/m
Live load surcharge pressure from Heel side: Top level

Surcharge intensity ( 1.2m earth Fill) = 2.4 t/m2

Surcharge pressure intensity p1 = 0.396x2.4
= 0.95 t/m2
LWL condition :
Surcharge pressure F1 = 0.95 x 4.5 x Cos(39.947) F1 4.5
= 3.28
Lever arm from base = 2.25 m

Total surcharge pressure FL = 3.28 t/m

Total Moment about base MLL = 3.28X2.25
= 7.38 tm/m Foundation level
p1
Summary of all forces :
V H Moment
Description
t/m t/m tm/m
Self weight about toe 15.15 - -32.21
Backfill weight about toe 19.25 - -68.36
Live load surcharge vertical 7.44 - -24.18
Live Load surcharge horizontal - 3.28 7.38
Earth Pressure - 6.15 11.63

Check for base pressure:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description
V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 15.15 - -32.21 1 15.15 - -32.21
2 Backfill weight 19.25 - -68.36 1 19.25 - -68.36
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 7.44 - -24.18 1 7.44 - -24.18
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 3.28 7.38 1 - 3.28 7.38
4 Earth pressure - 6.15 11.63 1 - 6.15 11.63
Total 41.8355 9.4 -105.7 41.8 9.4 -105.7
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 41.8 t/m
M = -105.7 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -2.53 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.13 m
L (base width) = 4.8 m
Base pressure at toe = 7.33 t/m2 < 11 t/m2 OK
2
Base pressure at heel = 10.10 t/m

Check for overturning and sliding:

Type of Forces (Unfactored) Load factor
Sl. No. Description
forces V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) Overturning Restoring
1 Self weight 15.15 - -32.21 - 0.95
Restoring 2 Backfill weight 19.25 - -68.36 - 0.95
3 (a) Live load sucharge(V) 7.44 - -24.18 - 0.00
Overturnin (b) Live load sucharge(H) - 3.28 7.38 1.20 -
g 4 Earth pressure - 6.15 11.63 1.50 -
Total 41.8355 9.4 -105.7
Factored Moment(tm/m) 26.30 95.54
Check Against over-turning :

FOS overturning = 3.63 > 2 OK

Check Against Sliding Force :

Coefficient of base friction m

m = 0.5
Sliding Force SH = 13.16
Restoring Force m *S V = 16.34
FOS|sliding = 1.12 > 1 OK

Calculation of forces for design of base slab:

For ULS:
Base pressure calculation :
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 15.15 - -32.21 1.35 20.45 - -43.48
2 Backfill weight 19.25 - -68.36 1.5 28.88 - -102.53
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 7.44 - -24.18 1.2 8.93 - -29.02
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 3.28 7.38 1.2 - 3.94 8.86
4 Earth pressure - 6.15 11.63 1.5 - 9.23 17.44
Total 41.8355 9.4 -105.7 58.2 13.2 -148.7

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 58.2 t/m
M = -148.7 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -2.55 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.15 m
L (base width ) = 4.8 m
Base pressure at toe = 9.81 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 14.46 t/m2
 2 1.4
1.4

A B C D

14.46
9.81
12.52
11.17
Downward pressure at different points:
Description Forces (unfactored) (t/m2) Load Forces (factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 2.30 2.3 0.69 1.35 0.93 3.11 3.11 0.93
Due to earth weight 8.40 7.00 0 0.00 1.5 12.60 10.50 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 1.2 2.88 2.88 - -
Total 11.49 11.70 2.30 0.69 16.41 16.49 3.11 0.93
Net base pressure diagram:

S
deff
1.95 1
3.96

8.06
8.88
8.64
S
Bending moment at toe = 8.43 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 5.24 tm/m
Shear force at toe = 3.50 t/m
Shear force at heel = 5.91 t/m

For SLS:
For rare combinations:
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 15.15 - -32.21 1 15.15 - -32.21
2 Backfill weight 19.25 - -68.36 1 19.25 - -68.36
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 7.44 - -24.18 0.8 5.95 - -19.34
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 3.28 7.38 0.8 - 2.62 5.91
4 Earth pressure - 6.15 11.63 1 - 6.15 11.63
Total 41.8355 9.4 -105.7 40.3 8.8 -102.4
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 40.3 t/m
M = -102.4 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -2.54 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.14 m
L = base width = 4.8 m
Base pressure at toe = 6.96 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 9.85 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Forces(Unfactored)(t/m2) Load Forces (Factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 2.30 2.3 0.69 1 0.69 2.30 2.30 0.69
Due to earth weight 8.40 7.00 0 0.00 1 8.40 7.00 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 0.8 1.92 1.92 - -
Total 11.49 11.70 2.3 0.69 11.01 11.22 2.3 0.69
Base pressure at different points:
Description A B C D
2
Base pressure(t/m ) 9.85 8.65 7.80 6.96

Net base pressure diagram:

1.16 2.57 1.4

2
5.50 6.27
Bending moment at toe = 5.90 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 3.26 tm/m

For Quasi combination:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 15.15 - -32.21 1 15.15 - -32.21
2 Backfill weight 19.25 - -68.36 1 19.25 - -68.36
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 7.44 - -24.18 0 0.00 - 0.00
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 3.28 7.38 0 - 0.00 0.00
4 Earth pressure - 6.15 11.63 1 - 6.15 11.63
Total 41.8355 9.4 -105.7 34.4 6.2 -88.9

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 34.4 t/m
M = -88.9 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -2.59 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.19 m
L = base width = 4.8 m
Base pressure at toe = 5.50 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 8.83 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Load factor A B C D
Due to base slab 1 0.69 2.30 2.3 0.69
Due to earth weight 1 8.40 7.00 0 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 0 0.00 0.00 - -
Total 9.09 9.30 2.3 0.69

Base pressure at different points:

Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 8.83 7.44 6.47 5.50

Net base pressure diagram:

0.26 1.86
1.4

2
4.17 4.81

Bending moment at toe = 4.51 tm/m

Bending moment at Heel = 1.59 tm/m
Summary of forces for design of base slab:
Sl. No. Description Shear Moment
force(t/m) tm/m
1 For ULS Toe 3.50 8.43
Heel 5.91 5.24
2 For rare comb. Toe - 5.90
Heel - 3.26
3 For quasi comb. Toe - 4.51
Heel - 1.59

Design of Toe Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 977.09 mm < 1000.00 mm OK

Design of Heel Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 770.30 mm < 1000.00 mm OK

Calculation of forces for design of stem:

0.3

1.519
3.5
4.5
1
1.40
deff
2.13
1.4
 2.73 0.95
Earth pressure Live load surcharge
diagram dia.
Total forces on stem: (ULS)
Lever arm Load Factored
Description
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor load M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 3.33 1.75 1.2 3.99 6.99
Due to earth pressure - 3.72 1.47 1.5 5.58 8.21
Total 0 7.05 9.58 15.20
Total forces on stem: (SLS)
For rare combination For quasi permanent combination
Description lever arm Load M lever arm Load
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor (tm/m) V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 3.33 1.75 0.8 4.66 - 3.33 1.75 0 0
Due to earth pressure - 3.72 1.17 1 4.34 - 3.72 1.17 1 4.34
Total 0 7.05 9.00 0 7.05 4.34

Design of Stem :
Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 1311.58 mm < 1400.00 mm OK

Design of PCC Retaining Wall:

Height of retaining wall from GL = 3.50 m

0.3

3.5 Height of Wall above GL

6
Earth Fill
G.L.
b
0.5 5.15
5 1.65

0.85 8 1 3 0.85
0.3 7 0.3
2 4

2.2 1.6 1.5

5.3

Density of Concrete
Grade of Concrete
Grade of Reinforcement
Safe Bearing capacity
3
= 2.3 t/m
= M 20
= Fe 500
2
= 11 t/m
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Self weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
1 Wt. of Heel slab(Taper portion) 0.5 2.2 0.85 2.15 -3.83 -8.24 Transverse (+ve)
2 Wt. of Heel slab(St. portion) 1 2.2 0.3 1.52 -4.20 -6.38
3 Wt. of Toe slab(Taper portion) 0.5 1.5 0.85 1.47 -1.00 -1.47
4 Wt. of Toe slab(St. portion) 1 1.5 0.3 1.04 -0.75 -0.78
5 Wt. of Stem (Taper portion) 0.5 1.3 4 5.98 -2.23 -13.36
6 Wt. of Stem (St. portion) 1 0.3 4 2.76 -1.65 -4.55
7 Wt. of Intermediate portion 1 1.6 1.15 4.23 -2.30 -9.73 Longitudinal
Total 19.14 -44.50 (+ve)
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Earth weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
8 (a) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 2.2 0.85 1.87 -4.57 -8.54
(b) Wt. of soil above heel(St. portion) 1 2.2 4 17.60 -4.20 -73.92
(c) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 1.3 4 5.20 -2.67 -13.87
Total 24.67 -96.33
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Live Load Surcharge weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
13 Live load surcharge 1 3.5 1.2 8.4 -3.55 -29.82
Total 8.40 -29.82

Earth Pressure calculation:

f = Angle of internal friction, = 35 °
d = Angle of friction between soil and concrete = 22.5 °
i = Surcharge angle = 0 °
a = Angle of wall face with horizontal = 72.00 °
3
g = Dry density of earth = 2 t/m
Coefficient of Active earth pressure
From Coulomb's theory of active earth pressure

Ka = 0.402

LWL Condition : Top level

Earth Pressure intensity p1 = 0.402x2x5.15
2
= 4.14 t/m

F1 = 1/2x4.14x5.15xCOS(40.504)
= 8.12 5.15

Lever arm from base = 5.15x0.42 F1

= 2.163

Total Earth pressure FE = 8.12 t/m Foundation level

Total Moment about base MEP = 8.12X2.163 p1
= 17.55 tm/m
Live load surcharge pressure from Heel side: Top level

Surcharge intensity ( 1.2m earth Fill) = 2.4 t/m2

Surcharge pressure intensity p1 = 0.402x2.4
= 0.97 t/m2
LWL condition :
Surcharge pressure F1 = 0.97 x 5.15 x Cos(40.504) F1 5.15
= 3.78
Lever arm from base = 2.575 m

Total surcharge pressure FL = 3.78 t/m

Total Moment about base MLL = 3.78X2.575
= 9.74 tm/m Foundation level
p1
Summary of all forces :
V H Moment
Description
t/m t/m tm/m
Self weight about toe 19.14 - -44.50
Backfill weight about toe 24.67 - -96.33
Live load surcharge vertical 8.40 - -29.82
Live Load surcharge horizontal - 3.78 9.74
Earth Pressure - 8.12 17.55

Check for base pressure:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description
V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 19.14 - -44.50 1 19.14 - -44.50
2 Backfill weight 24.67 - -96.33 1 24.67 - -96.33
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 8.40 - -29.82 1 8.40 - -29.82
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 3.78 9.74 1 - 3.78 9.74
4 Earth pressure - 8.12 17.55 1 - 8.12 17.55
Total 52.21175 11.9 -143.4 52.2 11.9 -143.4
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 52.2 t/m
M = -143.4 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -2.75 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.10 m
L (base width) = 5.3 m
Base pressure at toe = 8.78 t/m2 < 11 t/m2 OK
2
Base pressure at heel = 10.92 t/m

Check for overturning and sliding:

Type of Forces (Unfactored) Load factor
Sl. No. Description
forces V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) Overturning Restoring
1 Self weight 19.14 - -44.50 - 0.95
Restoring 2 Backfill weight 24.67 - -96.33 - 0.95
3 (a) Live load sucharge(V) 8.40 - -29.82 - 0.00
Overturnin (b) Live load sucharge(H) - 3.78 9.74 1.20 -
g 4 Earth pressure - 8.12 17.55 1.50 -
Total 52.21175 11.9 -143.4
Factored Moment(tm/m) 38.02 133.79
Check Against over-turning :

FOS overturning = 3.52 > 2 OK

Check Against Sliding Force :

Coefficient of base friction m

m = 0.5
Sliding Force SH = 16.71
Restoring Force m *S V = 20.81
FOS|sliding = 1.12 > 1 OK

Calculation of forces for design of base slab:

For ULS:
Base pressure calculation :
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 19.14 - -44.50 1.35 25.84 - -60.08
2 Backfill weight 24.67 - -96.33 1.5 37.01 - -144.49
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 8.40 - -29.82 1.2 10.08 - -35.78
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 3.78 9.74 1.2 - 4.54 11.69
4 Earth pressure - 8.12 17.55 1.5 - 12.17 26.33
Total 52.21175 11.9 -143.4 72.9 16.7 -202.3

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 72.9 t/m
M = -202.3 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -2.77 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.12 m
L (base width ) = 5.3 m
Base pressure at toe = 11.82 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 15.70 t/m2
 2.2 1.5
1.6

A B C D

15.70
11.82
14.09
12.92
Downward pressure at different points:
Description Forces (unfactored) (t/m2) Load Forces (factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 2.65 2.645 0.69 1.35 0.93 3.57 3.57 0.93
Due to earth weight 9.70 8.00 0 0.00 1.5 14.55 12.00 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 1.2 2.88 2.88 - -
Total 12.79 13.05 2.65 0.69 18.36 18.45 3.57 0.93
Net base pressure diagram:

S
deff
2.66 1.15
4.36

9.35
10.89
10.53
S
Bending moment at toe = 11.67 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 7.81 tm/m
Shear force at toe = 3.75 t/m
Shear force at heel = 7.73 t/m

For SLS:
For rare combinations:
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 19.14 - -44.50 1 19.14 - -44.50
2 Backfill weight 24.67 - -96.33 1 24.67 - -96.33
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 8.40 - -29.82 0.8 6.72 - -23.86
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 3.78 9.74 0.8 - 3.03 7.79
4 Earth pressure - 8.12 17.55 1 - 8.12 17.55
Total 52.21175 11.9 -143.4 50.5 11.1 -139.3
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 50.5 t/m
M = -139.3 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -2.76 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.11 m
L = base width = 5.3 m
Base pressure at toe = 8.37 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 10.69 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Forces(Unfactored)(t/m2) Load Forces (Factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 2.65 2.645 0.69 1 0.69 2.65 2.65 0.69
Due to earth weight 9.70 8.00 0 0.00 1 9.70 8.00 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 0.8 1.92 1.92 - -
Total 12.79 13.05 2.645 0.69 12.31 12.57 2.645 0.69
Base pressure at different points:
Description A B C D
2
Base pressure(t/m ) 10.69 9.73 9.03 8.37

Net base pressure diagram:

1.62 2.83 1.5

2.2
6.39 7.68
Bending moment at toe = 8.16 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 4.89 tm/m

For Quasi combination:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 19.14 - -44.50 1 19.14 - -44.50
2 Backfill weight 24.67 - -96.33 1 24.67 - -96.33
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 8.40 - -29.82 0 0.00 - 0.00
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 3.78 9.74 0 - 0.00 0.00
4 Earth pressure - 8.12 17.55 1 - 8.12 17.55
Total 52.21175 11.9 -143.4 43.8 8.1 -123.3

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 43.8 t/m
M = -123.3 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -2.81 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.16 m
L = base width = 5.3 m
Base pressure at toe = 6.73 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 9.80 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Load factor A B C D
Due to base slab 1 0.69 2.65 2.645 0.69
Due to earth weight 1 9.70 8.00 0 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 0 0.00 0.00 - -
Total 10.39 10.65 2.645 0.69

Base pressure at different points:

Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 9.80 8.53 7.60 6.73

Net base pressure diagram:

0.59 2.12
1.5

2.2
4.96 6.04

Bending moment at toe = 6.39 tm/m

Bending moment at Heel = 2.66 tm/m
Summary of forces for design of base slab:
Sl. No. Description Shear Moment
force(t/m) tm/m
1 For ULS Toe 3.75 11.67
Heel 7.73 7.81
2 For rare comb. Toe - 8.16
Heel - 4.89
3 For quasi comb. Toe - 6.39
Heel - 2.66

Design of Toe Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 1149.48 mm < 1150.00 mm OK

Design of Heel Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 940.49 mm < 1150.00 mm OK

Calculation of forces for design of stem:

0.3

1.836
4
5.15
1
1.60
deff
2.45
1.6
 3.15 0.97
Earth pressure Live load surcharge
diagram dia.
Total forces on stem: (ULS)
Lever arm Load Factored
Description
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor load M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 3.86 2.00 1.2 4.64 9.27
Due to earth pressure - 4.90 1.68 1.5 7.34 12.34
Total 0 8.76 11.98 21.61
Total forces on stem: (SLS)
For rare combination For quasi permanent combination
Description lever arm Load M lever arm Load
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor (tm/m) V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 3.86 2.00 0.8 6.18 - 3.86 2 0 0
Due to earth pressure - 4.90 1.33 1 6.53 - 4.90 1.33 1 6.53
Total 0 8.76 12.71 0 8.76 6.53

Design of Stem :
Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 1564.03 mm < 1600.00 mm OK

Design of PCC Retaining Wall:

Height of retaining wall from GL = 4.00 m

0.3

4 Height of Wall above GL

6
Earth Fill
G.L.
b
0.5 6
5 2

1.2 8 1 3 1.2
0.3 7 0.3
2 4

2.5 1.9 1.75

6.15

Density of Concrete
Grade of Concrete
Grade of Reinforcement
Safe Bearing capacity
3
= 2.3 t/m
= M 20
= Fe 500
2
= 13 t/m
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Self weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
1 Wt. of Heel slab(Taper portion) 0.5 2.5 1.2 3.45 -4.48 -15.47 Transverse (+ve)
2 Wt. of Heel slab(St. portion) 1 2.5 0.3 1.73 -4.90 -8.45
3 Wt. of Toe slab(Taper portion) 0.5 1.75 1.2 2.42 -1.17 -2.82
4 Wt. of Toe slab(St. portion) 1 1.75 0.3 1.21 -0.88 -1.06
5 Wt. of Stem (Taper portion) 0.5 1.6 4.5 8.28 -2.58 -21.39
6 Wt. of Stem (St. portion) 1 0.3 4.5 3.11 -1.90 -5.90
7 Wt. of Intermediate portion 1 1.9 1.5 6.56 -2.70 -17.70 Longitudinal
Total 26.74 -72.78 (+ve)
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Earth weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
8 (a) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 2.5 1.2 3.00 -5.32 -15.95
(b) Wt. of soil above heel(St. portion) 1 2.5 4.5 22.50 -4.90 -110.25
(c) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 1.6 4.5 7.20 -3.12 -22.44
Total 32.70 -148.64
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Live Load Surcharge weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
13 Live load surcharge 1 4.1 1.2 9.84 -4.1 -40.34
Total 9.84 -40.34

Earth Pressure calculation:

f = Angle of internal friction, = 35 °
d = Angle of friction between soil and concrete = 22.5 °
i = Surcharge angle = 0 °
a = Angle of wall face with horizontal = 70.43 °
3
g = Dry density of earth = 2 t/m
Coefficient of Active earth pressure
From Coulomb's theory of active earth pressure

Ka = 0.420

LWL Condition : Top level

Earth Pressure intensity p1 = 0.42x2x6
2
= 5.04 t/m

F1 = 1/2x5.04x6xCOS(42.073)
= 11.23 6

Lever arm from base = 6x0.42 F1

= 2.52

Total Earth pressure FE = 11.23 t/m Foundation level

Total Moment about base MEP = 11.23X2.52 p1
= 28.30 tm/m
Live load surcharge pressure from Heel side: Top level

Surcharge intensity ( 1.2m earth Fill) = 2.4 t/m2

Surcharge pressure intensity p1 = 0.42x2.4
= 1.01 t/m2
LWL condition :
Surcharge pressure F1 = 1.01 x 6 x Cos(42.073) F1 6
= 4.49
Lever arm from base = 3m

Total surcharge pressure FL = 4.49 t/m

Total Moment about base MLL = 4.49X3
= 13.48 tm/m Foundation level
p1
Summary of all forces :
V H Moment
Description
t/m t/m tm/m
Self weight about toe 26.74 - -72.78
Backfill weight about toe 32.70 - -148.64
Live load surcharge vertical 9.84 - -40.34
Live Load surcharge horizontal - 4.49 13.48
Earth Pressure - 11.23 28.30

Check for base pressure:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description
V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 26.74 - -72.78 1 26.74 - -72.78
2 Backfill weight 32.70 - -148.64 1 32.70 - -148.64
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 9.84 - -40.34 1 9.84 - -40.34
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 4.49 13.48 1 - 4.49 13.48
4 Earth pressure - 11.23 28.30 1 - 11.23 28.30
Total 69.2775 15.7 -220.0 69.3 15.7 -220.0
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 69.3 t/m
M = -220.0 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -3.18 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.10 m
L (base width) = 6.15 m
Base pressure at toe = 10.16 t/m2 < 13 t/m2 OK
2
Base pressure at heel = 12.37 t/m

Check for overturning and sliding:

Type of Forces (Unfactored) Load factor
Sl. No. Description
forces V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) Overturning Restoring
1 Self weight 26.74 - -72.78 - 0.95
Restoring 2 Backfill weight 32.70 - -148.64 - 0.95
3 (a) Live load sucharge(V) 9.84 - -40.34 - 0.00
Overturnin (b) Live load sucharge(H) - 4.49 13.48 1.20 -
g 4 Earth pressure - 11.23 28.30 1.50 -
Total 69.2775 15.7 -220.0
Factored Moment(tm/m) 58.63 210.35
Check Against over-turning :

FOS overturning = 3.59 > 2 OK

Check Against Sliding Force :

Coefficient of base friction m

m = 0.5
Sliding Force SH = 22.24
Restoring Force m *S V = 28.23
FOS|sliding = 1.14 > 1 OK

Calculation of forces for design of base slab:

For ULS:
Base pressure calculation :
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 26.74 - -72.78 1.35 36.10 - -98.26
2 Backfill weight 32.70 - -148.64 1.5 49.05 - -222.96
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 9.84 - -40.34 1.2 11.81 - -48.41
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 4.49 13.48 1.2 - 5.39 16.18
4 Earth pressure - 11.23 28.30 1.5 - 16.85 42.45
Total 69.2775 15.7 -220.0 97.0 22.2 -311.0

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 97.0 t/m
M = -311.0 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -3.21 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.13 m
L (base width ) = 6.15 m
Base pressure at toe = 13.72 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 17.81 t/m2
 2.5 1.75
1.9

A B C D

17.81
13.72
16.15
14.89
Downward pressure at different points:
Description Forces (unfactored) (t/m2) Load Forces (factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 3.45 3.45 0.69 1.35 0.93 4.66 4.66 0.93
Due to earth weight 11.40 9.00 0 0.00 1.5 17.10 13.50 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 1.2 2.88 2.88 - -
Total 14.49 14.85 3.45 0.69 20.91 21.04 4.66 0.93
Net base pressure diagram:

S
deff
3.11 1.5
4.89

10.23
12.79
12.43
S
Bending moment at toe = 18.28 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 11.57 tm/m
Shear force at toe = 3.15 t/m
Shear force at heel = 10.00 t/m

For SLS:
For rare combinations:
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 26.74 - -72.78 1 26.74 - -72.78
2 Backfill weight 32.70 - -148.64 1 32.70 - -148.64
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 9.84 - -40.34 0.8 7.87 - -32.28
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 4.49 13.48 0.8 - 3.60 10.79
4 Earth pressure - 11.23 28.30 1 - 11.23 28.30
Total 69.2775 15.7 -220.0 67.3 14.8 -214.6
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 67.3 t/m
M = -214.6 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -3.19 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.11 m
L = base width = 6.15 m
Base pressure at toe = 9.73 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 12.16 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Forces(Unfactored)(t/m2) Load Forces (Factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 3.45 3.45 0.69 1 0.69 3.45 3.45 0.69
Due to earth weight 11.40 9.00 0 0.00 1 11.40 9.00 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 0.8 1.92 1.92 - -
Total 14.49 14.85 3.45 0.69 14.01 14.37 3.45 0.69
Base pressure at different points:
Description A B C D
2
Base pressure(t/m ) 12.16 11.17 10.42 9.73

Net base pressure diagram:

1.85 3.20 1.75

2.5
6.97 9.04
Bending moment at toe = 12.79 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 7.20 tm/m

For Quasi combination:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 26.74 - -72.78 1 26.74 - -72.78
2 Backfill weight 32.70 - -148.64 1 32.70 - -148.64
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 9.84 - -40.34 0 0.00 - 0.00
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 4.49 13.48 0 - 0.00 0.00
4 Earth pressure - 11.23 28.30 1 - 11.23 28.30
Total 69.2775 15.7 -220.0 59.4 11.2 -193.1

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 59.4 t/m
M = -193.1 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -3.25 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.17 m
L = base width = 6.15 m
Base pressure at toe = 8.02 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 11.31 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Load factor A B C D
Due to base slab 1 0.69 3.45 3.45 0.69
Due to earth weight 1 11.40 9.00 0 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 0 0.00 0.00 - -
Total 12.09 12.45 3.45 0.69

Base pressure at different points:

Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 11.31 9.97 8.96 8.02

Net base pressure diagram:

0.78 2.48
1.75

2.5
5.51 7.33

Bending moment at toe = 10.30 tm/m

Bending moment at Heel = 4.21 tm/m
Summary of forces for design of base slab:
Sl. No. Description Shear Moment
force(t/m) tm/m
1 For ULS Toe 3.15 18.28
Heel 10.00 11.57
2 For rare comb. Toe - 12.79
Heel - 7.20
3 For quasi comb. Toe - 10.30
Heel - 4.21

Design of Toe Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 1438.55 mm < 1500.00 mm OK

Design of Heel Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 1144.27 mm < 1500.00 mm OK

Calculation of forces for design of stem:

0.3

2.184
4.5
6
1
1.90
deff
2.81
1.9
 3.74 1.01
Earth pressure Live load surcharge
diagram dia.
Total forces on stem: (ULS)
Lever arm Load Factored
Description
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor load M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 4.54 2.25 1.2 5.45 12.26
Due to earth pressure - 6.32 1.89 1.5 9.48 17.91
Total 0 10.86 14.92 30.17
Total forces on stem: (SLS)
For rare combination For quasi permanent combination
Description lever arm Load M lever arm Load
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor (tm/m) V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 4.54 2.25 0.8 8.17 - 4.54 2.25 0 0
Due to earth pressure - 6.32 1.50 1 9.48 - 6.32 1.50 1 9.48
Total 0 10.86 17.65 0 10.86 9.48

Design of Stem :
Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 1848.00 mm < 1900.00 mm OK

Design of PCC Retaining Wall:

Height of retaining wall from GL = 4.50 m

0.3

4.5 Height of Wall above GL

6
Earth Fill
G.L.
b
0.4 6.5
5 2

1.3 8 1 3 1.3
0.3 7 0.3
2 4

2.5 2.1 1.75

6.35

Density of Concrete
Grade of Concrete
Grade of Reinforcement
Safe Bearing capacity
3
= 2.3 t/m
= M 20
= Fe 500
2
= 13 t/m
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Self weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
1 Wt. of Heel slab(Taper portion) 0.5 2.5 1.3 3.74 -4.68 -17.50 Transverse (+ve)
2 Wt. of Heel slab(St. portion) 1 2.5 0.3 1.73 -5.10 -8.80
3 Wt. of Toe slab(Taper portion) 0.5 1.75 1.3 2.62 -1.17 -3.05
4 Wt. of Toe slab(St. portion) 1 1.75 0.3 1.21 -0.88 -1.06
5 Wt. of Stem (Taper portion) 0.5 1.8 4.9 10.14 -2.65 -26.88
6 Wt. of Stem (St. portion) 1 0.3 4.9 3.38 -1.90 -6.42
7 Wt. of Intermediate portion 1 2.1 1.6 7.73 -2.80 -21.64 Longitudinal
Total 30.54 -85.35 (+ve)
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Earth weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
8 (a) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 2.5 1.3 3.25 -5.52 -17.93
(b) Wt. of soil above heel(St. portion) 1 2.5 4.9 24.50 -5.10 -124.95
(c) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 1.8 4.9 8.82 -3.25 -28.67
Total 36.57 -171.54
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Live Load Surcharge weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
13 Live load surcharge 1 4.3 1.2 10.32 -4.2 -43.34
Total 10.32 -43.34

Earth Pressure calculation:

f = Angle of internal friction, = 35 °
d = Angle of friction between soil and concrete = 22.5 °
i = Surcharge angle = 0 °
a = Angle of wall face with horizontal = 69.83 °
3
g = Dry density of earth = 2 t/m
Coefficient of Active earth pressure
From Coulomb's theory of active earth pressure

Ka = 0.427

LWL Condition : Top level

Earth Pressure intensity p1 = 0.427x2x6.5
2
= 5.56 t/m

F1 = 1/2x5.56x6.5xCOS(42.671)
= 13.28 6.5

Lever arm from base = 6.5x0.42 F1

= 2.73

Total Earth pressure FE = 13.28 t/m Foundation level

Total Moment about base MEP = 13.28X2.73 p1
= 36.24 tm/m
Live load surcharge pressure from Heel side: Top level

Surcharge intensity ( 1.2m earth Fill) = 2.4 t/m2

Surcharge pressure intensity p1 = 0.427x2.4
= 1.03 t/m2
LWL condition :
Surcharge pressure F1 = 1.03 x 6.5 x Cos(42.671) F1 6.5
= 4.90
Lever arm from base = 3.25 m

Total surcharge pressure FL = 4.90 t/m

Total Moment about base MLL = 4.9X3.25
= 15.93 tm/m Foundation level
p1
Summary of all forces :
V H Moment
Description
t/m t/m tm/m
Self weight about toe 30.54 - -85.35
Backfill weight about toe 36.57 - -171.54
Live load surcharge vertical 10.32 - -43.34
Live Load surcharge horizontal - 4.90 15.93
Earth Pressure - 13.28 36.24

Check for base pressure:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description
V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 30.54 - -85.35 1 30.54 - -85.35
2 Backfill weight 36.57 - -171.54 1 36.57 - -171.54
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 10.32 - -43.34 1 10.32 - -43.34
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 4.90 15.93 1 - 4.90 15.93
4 Earth pressure - 13.28 36.24 1 - 13.28 36.24
Total 77.42825 18.2 -248.1 77.4 18.2 -248.1
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 77.4 t/m
M = -248.1 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -3.20 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.03 m
L (base width) = 6.35 m
Base pressure at toe = 11.86 t/m2 < 13 t/m2 OK
2
Base pressure at heel = 12.52 t/m

Check for overturning and sliding:

Type of Forces (Unfactored) Load factor
Sl. No. Description
forces V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) Overturning Restoring
1 Self weight 30.54 - -85.35 - 0.95
Restoring 2 Backfill weight 36.57 - -171.54 - 0.95
3 (a) Live load sucharge(V) 10.32 - -43.34 - 0.00
Overturnin (b) Live load sucharge(H) - 4.90 15.93 1.20 -
g 4 Earth pressure - 13.28 36.24 1.50 -
Total 77.42825 18.2 -248.1
Factored Moment(tm/m) 73.49 244.05
Check Against over-turning :

FOS overturning = 3.32 > 2 OK

Check Against Sliding Force :

Coefficient of base friction m

m = 0.5
Sliding Force SH = 25.80
Restoring Force m *S V = 31.88
FOS|sliding = 1.11 > 1 OK

Calculation of forces for design of base slab:

For ULS:
Base pressure calculation :
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 30.54 - -85.35 1.35 41.23 - -115.22
2 Backfill weight 36.57 - -171.54 1.5 54.86 - -257.32
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 10.32 - -43.34 1.2 12.38 - -52.01
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 4.90 15.93 1.2 - 5.88 19.12
4 Earth pressure - 13.28 36.24 1.5 - 19.91 54.36
Total 77.42825 18.2 -248.1 108.5 25.8 -351.1

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 108.5 t/m
M = -351.1 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -3.24 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.06 m
L (base width ) = 6.35 m
Base pressure at toe = 16.09 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 18.08 t/m2
 2.5 1.75
2.1

A B C D

18.08
16.09
17.29
16.63
Downward pressure at different points:
Description Forces (unfactored) (t/m2) Load Forces (factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 3.68 3.68 0.69 1.35 0.93 4.97 4.97 0.93
Due to earth weight 12.40 9.80 0 0.00 1.5 18.60 14.70 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 1.2 2.88 2.88 - -
Total 15.49 15.88 3.68 0.69 22.41 22.55 4.97 0.93
Net base pressure diagram:

S
deff
4.33 1.6
5.26

11.67
15.15
14.86
S
Bending moment at toe = 21.42 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 14.51 tm/m
Shear force at toe = 2.25 t/m
Shear force at heel = 11.99 t/m

For SLS:
For rare combinations:
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 30.54 - -85.35 1 30.54 - -85.35
2 Backfill weight 36.57 - -171.54 1 36.57 - -171.54
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 10.32 - -43.34 0.8 8.26 - -34.68
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 4.90 15.93 0.8 - 3.92 12.75
4 Earth pressure - 13.28 36.24 1 - 13.28 36.24
Total 77.42825 18.2 -248.1 75.4 17.2 -242.6
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 75.4 t/m
M = -242.6 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -3.22 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.04 m
L = base width = 6.35 m
Base pressure at toe = 11.38 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 12.36 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Forces(Unfactored)(t/m2) Load Forces (Factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 3.68 3.68 0.69 1 0.69 3.68 3.68 0.69
Due to earth weight 12.40 9.80 0 0.00 1 12.40 9.80 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 0.8 1.92 1.92 - -
Total 15.49 15.88 3.68 0.69 15.01 15.40 3.68 0.69
Base pressure at different points:
Description A B C D
2
Base pressure(t/m ) 12.36 11.97 11.65 11.38

Net base pressure diagram:

2.65 3.43 1.75

2.5
7.97 10.69
Bending moment at toe = 14.98 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 9.09 tm/m

For Quasi combination:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 30.54 - -85.35 1 30.54 - -85.35
2 Backfill weight 36.57 - -171.54 1 36.57 - -171.54
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 10.32 - -43.34 0 0.00 - 0.00
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 4.90 15.93 0 - 0.00 0.00
4 Earth pressure - 13.28 36.24 1 - 13.28 36.24
Total 77.42825 18.2 -248.1 67.1 13.3 -220.7

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 67.1 t/m
M = -220.7 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -3.29 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.11 m
L = base width = 6.35 m
Base pressure at toe = 9.44 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 11.70 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Load factor A B C D
Due to base slab 1 0.69 3.68 3.68 0.69
Due to earth weight 1 12.40 9.80 0 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 0 0.00 0.00 - -
Total 13.09 13.48 3.68 0.69

Base pressure at different points:

Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 11.70 10.81 10.06 9.44

Net base pressure diagram:

1.39 2.67
1.75

2.5
6.38 8.75

Bending moment at toe = 12.19 tm/m

Bending moment at Heel = 5.69 tm/m
Summary of forces for design of base slab:
Sl. No. Description Shear Moment
force(t/m) tm/m
1 For ULS Toe 2.25 21.42
Heel 11.99 14.51
2 For rare comb. Toe - 14.98
Heel - 9.09
3 For quasi comb. Toe - 12.19
Heel - 5.69

Design of Toe Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 1557.39 mm < 1600.00 mm OK

Design of Heel Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 1281.45 mm < 1600.00 mm OK

Calculation of forces for design of stem:

0.3

2.451
4.9
6.5
1
2.10
deff
3.08
2.1
 4.08 1.03
Earth pressure Live load surcharge
diagram dia.
Total forces on stem: (ULS)
Lever arm Load Factored
Description
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor load M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 5.03 2.45 1.2 6.03 14.78
Due to earth pressure - 7.54 2.06 1.5 11.32 23.29
Total 0 12.57 17.35 38.07
Total forces on stem: (SLS)
For rare combination For quasi permanent combination
Description lever arm Load M lever arm Load
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor (tm/m) V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 5.03 2.45 0.8 9.85 - 5.03 2.45 0 0
Due to earth pressure - 7.54 1.63 1 12.32 - 7.54 1.63 1 12.32
Total 0 12.57 22.17 0 12.57 12.32

Design of Stem :
Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 2075.88 mm < 2100.00 mm OK

Design of PCC Retaining Wall:

Height of retaining wall from GL = 5.00 m

0.3

5 Height of Wall above GL

6
Earth Fill
G.L.
b
0.5 7.25
5 2.25

1.45 8 1 3 1.45
0.3 7 0.3
2 4

3 2.5 1.75
7.25

Density of Concrete
Grade of Concrete
Grade of Reinforcement
Safe Bearing capacity
3
= 2.3 t/m
= M 20
= Fe 500
2
= 15 t/m
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Self weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
1 Wt. of Heel slab(Taper portion) 0.5 3 1.45 5.00 -5.25 -26.26 Transverse (+ve)
2 Wt. of Heel slab(St. portion) 1 3 0.3 2.07 -5.75 -11.90
3 Wt. of Toe slab(Taper portion) 0.5 1.75 1.45 2.92 -1.17 -3.40
4 Wt. of Toe slab(St. portion) 1 1.75 0.3 1.21 -0.88 -1.06
5 Wt. of Stem (Taper portion) 0.5 2.2 5.5 13.92 -2.78 -38.73
6 Wt. of Stem (St. portion) 1 0.3 5.5 3.80 -1.90 -7.21
7 Wt. of Intermediate portion 1 2.5 1.75 10.06 -3.00 -30.19 Longitudinal
Total 38.97 -118.75 (+ve)
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Earth weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
8 (a) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 3 1.45 4.35 -6.25 -27.19
(b) Wt. of soil above heel(St. portion) 1 3 5.5 33.00 -5.75 -189.75
(c) Wt. of soil above heel(Taper portion) 0.5 2.2 5.5 12.10 -3.52 -42.55
Total 49.45 -259.49
Calculation of Forces and Moment due to Live Load Surcharge weight about toe:
C.G. from
S.No. Description Area Width Depth Weight toe Moment
Factor m m t/m m tm/m
13 Live load surcharge 1 5.2 1.2 12.48 -4.65 -58.03
Total 12.48 -58.03

Earth Pressure calculation:

f = Angle of internal friction, = 35 °
d = Angle of friction between soil and concrete = 22.5 °
i = Surcharge angle = 0 °
a = Angle of wall face with horizontal = 68.20 °
3
g = Dry density of earth = 2 t/m
Coefficient of Active earth pressure
From Coulomb's theory of active earth pressure

Ka = 0.447

LWL Condition : Top level

Earth Pressure intensity p1 = 0.447x2x7.25
2
= 6.49 t/m

F1 = 1/2x6.49x7.25xCOS(44.301)
= 16.83 7.25

Lever arm from base = 7.25x0.42 F1

= 3.045

Total Earth pressure FE = 16.83 t/m Foundation level

Total Moment about base MEP = 16.83X3.045 p1
= 51.24 tm/m
Live load surcharge pressure from Heel side: Top level

Surcharge intensity ( 1.2m earth Fill) = 2.4 t/m2

Surcharge pressure intensity p1 = 0.447x2.4
= 1.07 t/m2
LWL condition :
Surcharge pressure F1 = 1.07 x 7.25 x Cos(44.301) F1 7.25
= 5.57
Lever arm from base = 3.625 m

Total surcharge pressure FL = 5.57 t/m

Total Moment about base MLL = 5.57X3.625
= 20.20 tm/m Foundation level
p1
Summary of all forces :
V H Moment
Description
t/m t/m tm/m
Self weight about toe 38.97 - -118.75
Backfill weight about toe 49.45 - -259.49
Live load surcharge vertical 12.48 - -58.03
Live Load surcharge horizontal - 5.57 20.20
Earth Pressure - 16.83 51.24

Check for base pressure:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description
V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 38.97 - -118.75 1 38.97 - -118.75
2 Backfill weight 49.45 - -259.49 1 49.45 - -259.49
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 12.48 - -58.03 1 12.48 - -58.03
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 5.57 20.20 1 - 5.57 20.20
4 Earth pressure - 16.83 51.24 1 - 16.83 51.24
Total 100.90063 22.4 -364.8 100.9 22.4 -364.8
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 100.9 t/m
M = -364.8 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -3.62 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = 0.01 m
L (base width) = 7.25 m
Base pressure at toe = 14.02 t/m2 < 15 t/m2 OK
2
Base pressure at heel = 13.81 t/m

Check for overturning and sliding:

Type of Forces (Unfactored) Load factor
Sl. No. Description
forces V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) Overturning Restoring
1 Self weight 38.97 - -118.75 - 0.95
Restoring 2 Backfill weight 49.45 - -259.49 - 0.95
3 (a) Live load sucharge(V) 12.48 - -58.03 - 0.00
Overturnin (b) Live load sucharge(H) - 5.57 20.20 1.20 -
g 4 Earth pressure - 16.83 51.24 1.50 -
Total 100.90063 22.4 -364.8
Factored Moment(tm/m) 101.10 359.33
Check Against over-turning :

FOS overturning = 3.55 > 2 OK

Check Against Sliding Force :

Coefficient of base friction m

m = 0.5
Sliding Force SH = 31.93
Restoring Force m *S V = 42.00
FOS|sliding = 1.18 > 1 OK

Calculation of forces for design of base slab:

For ULS:
Base pressure calculation :
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 38.97 - -118.75 1.35 52.61 - -160.32
2 Backfill weight 49.45 - -259.49 1.5 74.18 - -389.23
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 12.48 - -58.03 1.2 14.98 - -69.64
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 5.57 20.20 1.2 - 6.69 24.24
4 Earth pressure - 16.83 51.24 1.5 - 25.24 76.86
Total 100.90063 22.4 -364.8 141.8 31.9 -518.1

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 141.8 t/m
M = -518.1 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -3.65 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.03 m
L (base width ) = 7.25 m
Base pressure at toe = 19.07 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 20.03 t/m2
 3 1.75
2.5

A B C D

20.03
19.07
19.64
19.31
Downward pressure at different points:
Description Forces (unfactored) (t/m2) Load Forces (factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 4.03 4.025 0.69 1.35 0.93 5.43 5.43 0.93
Due to earth weight 13.90 11.00 0 0.00 1.5 20.85 16.50 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 1.2 2.88 2.88 - -
Total 16.99 17.43 4.03 0.69 24.66 24.81 5.43 0.93
Net base pressure diagram:

S
deff
4.63 1.75
5.18

13.87
18.14
18.14
S
Bending moment at toe = 25.60 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 21.65 tm/m
Shear force at toe = 0.00 t/m
Shear force at heel = 14.71 t/m

For SLS:
For rare combinations:
Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 38.97 - -118.75 1 38.97 - -118.75
2 Backfill weight 49.45 - -259.49 1 49.45 - -259.49
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 12.48 - -58.03 0.8 9.98 - -46.43
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 5.57 20.20 0.8 - 4.46 16.16
4 Earth pressure - 16.83 51.24 1 - 16.83 51.24
Total 100.90063 22.4 -364.8 98.4 21.3 -357.3
Total vertical load and moment about toe point
V = 98.4 t/m
M = -357.3 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -3.63 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.01 m
L = base width = 7.25 m
Base pressure at toe = 13.51 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 13.64 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Forces(Unfactored)(t/m2) Load Forces (Factored)(t/m2)
A B C D factor A B C D
Due to base slab 0.69 4.03 4.025 0.69 1 0.69 4.03 4.03 0.69
Due to earth weight 13.90 11.00 0 0.00 1 13.90 11.00 0.00 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 2.40 2.40 - - 0.8 1.92 1.92 - -
Total 16.99 17.43 4.025 0.69 16.51 16.95 4.025 0.69
Base pressure at different points:
Description A B C D
2
Base pressure(t/m ) 13.64 13.58 13.54 13.51

Net base pressure diagram:

2.87 3.36 1.75

3
9.52 12.82
Bending moment at toe = 17.94 tm/m
Bending moment at Heel = 13.66 tm/m

For Quasi combination:

Forces (Unfactored) Load Forces (Factored)
Sl. No. Description V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m) factors V(t/m) H(t/m) M(tm/m)
1 Self weight 38.97 - -118.75 1 38.97 - -118.75
2 Backfill weight 49.45 - -259.49 1 49.45 - -259.49
3(a) Live load sucharge(V) 12.48 - -58.03 0 0.00 - 0.00
(b) Live load sucharge(H) - 5.57 20.20 0 - 0.00 0.00
4 Earth pressure - 16.83 51.24 1 - 16.83 51.24
Total 100.90063 22.4 -364.8 88.4 16.8 -327.0

Total vertical load and moment about toe point

V = 88.4 t/m
M = -327.0 tm/m
Eccentricity of Vertical load from toe point
eL1 = M/V = -3.70 m
Eccentricity of Vertical load w.r.t cg of base
eL = -0.07 m
L = base width = 7.25 m
Base pressure at toe = 11.46 t/m2
Base pressure at heel = 12.94 t/m2
Loads in downward direction:
Description Load factor A B C D
Due to base slab 1 0.69 4.03 4.025 0.69
Due to earth weight 1 13.90 11.00 0 0.00
Due to live load surcharge 0 0.00 0.00 - -
Total 14.59 15.03 4.025 0.69

Base pressure at different points:

Description A B C D
Base pressure(t/m2) 12.94 12.32 11.81 11.46

Net base pressure diagram:

1.65 2.70
1.75

3
7.79 10.77

Bending moment at toe = 14.97 tm/m

Bending moment at Heel = 9.02 tm/m
Summary of forces for design of base slab:
Sl. No. Description Shear Moment
force(t/m) tm/m
1 For ULS Toe 0.00 25.60
Heel 14.71 21.65
2 For rare comb. Toe - 17.94
Heel - 13.66
3 For quasi comb. Toe - 14.97
Heel - 9.02

Design of Toe Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 1702.39 mm < 1750.00 mm OK

Design of Heel Slab :

Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 1565.61 mm < 1750.00 mm OK

Calculation of forces for design of stem:

0.3

2.881
5.5
7.25
1
2.50
deff
3.52
2.5
 4.64 1.07
Earth pressure Live load surcharge
diagram dia.
Total forces on stem: (ULS)
Lever arm Load Factored
Description
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor load M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 5.90 2.75 1.2 7.09 19.49
Due to earth pressure - 9.68 2.31 1.5 14.53 33.56
Total 0 15.59 21.61 53.04
Total forces on stem: (SLS)
For rare combination For quasi permanent combination
Description lever arm Load M lever arm Load
V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor (tm/m) V (t/m) H (t/m) (m) factor M (tm/m)
Due to live load surcharge - 5.90 2.75 0.8 12.99 - 5.90 2.75 0 0
Due to earth pressure - 9.68 1.83 1 17.75 - 9.68 1.83 1 17.75
Total 0 15.59 30.75 0 15.59 17.75

Design of Stem :
Min. Thickness of Footing for M 20 Grade of Concrete (Allowable Tensile Stress in Concrete = 0.53 Mpa) :

= 2450.46 mm < 2500.00 mm OK