2010, Plain and Reinforced Concrete - I

Plain and Reinforced Concrete - I

Fresh Properties of Concrete

Curing

2010 Fall Semester

Instructor: M. Nasir Amin, PhD

NICE (SCEE)
 Mix Design

Overview of Course Contents

1. Concrete & Ingredients of Concrete 3. Mix Design (Producing of Concrete)

1.1 Concrete
1.2 Binders (Cements) 4. Properties of Hardened Concrete
1.3 Fillers (Aggregates) 4.1 Strength (comp, tens, flexure)
1.4 Admixtures
5. Special Weather Concreting
2. Properties of Fresh Concrete
2.1 Workability 6. Types of Concrete
2.2 Producing of Concrete
2.3 Mixing 7. Non-Destructive Testing
2.4 Transporting
2.5 Placing 8. Elasticity, Shrinkage, and Creep
2.6 Vibration (compaction)
2.7 Curing

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 Curing

Homework #3 Part(a), and Reading Assignment

Due 09/12 (before OHT-2)

1. Mixing, Transporting, Placing, and Compaction

Read Mindess’ book 11.1 ~ 11.4 (or any other book (A.M.Neville pp. 207-232)/source)

2. Read & Summarize “11.5 Special Aspects of Handling Concrete”

3. Read & Summarize “12.2 Curing at Elevated Temperature”

* Notice
1. OHT-2
including 1) Admixtures, 2) Mix Design, 3) Mixing, Transporting, Placing,
Compaction/Vibration, Curing & 4) Hardened Properties of Concrete

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 Curing

Curing

■ Mindess’ book
• Sec 12.1: Curing at Ambient Temperature
• Sec 12.2: Curing at Elevated Temperature

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 Curing

Considerations in Curing of Concrete

Concrete Curing in Winter

Curing is the most crucial in construction process

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 Curing

Parameters Affecting Curing

■ Internal Relative Humidity
- Lower than 80% by evaporation or self-desiccation
 hydration stops, and strength gain is arrested.
 more critical in the case of low w/c ratio than in high w/c ratio
■ Temperature
■ Time of moist curing
■ CO2

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 Curing

Interrupted Curing

■ Interrupted curing  No Good

- Even if curing is interrupted, there is a remained chance to resume hydration
 However, the strength gain is not as high as the strength attained by
continuous moisture curing.
 More critical in the concrete at early age.
(early-age concrete is more susceptible to cracking when compared to
aged concrete)

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 Curing

Effect of R.H.

■ Internal Relative Humidity

- Hydration rate & strength gain turned slower as the R.H. is lowered
- w/c lower than 30%
 internal R.H. may go down due to low permeability of concrete

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 Curing

Effect of Temperature

■ Curing temperature
- Hydration rate is faster as the
temperature is increased
- Final strength
 greatest at around 10℃
Why?
 Nobody knows
 I guess that “the concrete
cured at lower temperature
produces large amount of late
CSH products.” And “the late
hydration products are denser
& more stable with less
impurities, when compared to
early product”

■ Initial temperature
 Similar detrimental effect of
high initial temperature on
strength development
 Optimum : 4℃ for Type 1 OPC

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 Curing

Effect of Time of Moist Curing

■ The most desirable objective
- To continuously moist cure the concrete as long as possible

■ To allow acceptable construction schedules and to minimize costs

- 7-day moist curing gives a comparable 28-day strength to that continuously moist-cured

■ ACI 308 Committee (Standard Practice for Curing Concrete) suggests that
 7-day moist curing or the time demanded to attain 70% of specified strength for most
structural concrete
 14-day moist curing or 21-day
moist curing depending on the use
of F.A. for mass concrete
 These suggestions are based on
the assumption of the curing at
temperature above 4℃
 Use maturity concept for the
concrete cured at temperature
lower than 4℃

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 Curing

Water Curing
better

■ Water Curing

- Supplying water during curing

accompanied by Ponding, Spraying,
Sprinkling and Covering

- Curing should start before the end of the

induction period; that is, it should precede
the time of initial set by about 1 hour.

- This maintains the water within the

Dormant period
100 hr. concrete as a continuous liquid system

0.1 hr. 1 hr. 10 hr. - Low w/c concrete should be cured by this
method (water curing)
initial set

the end of induction period

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 Curing

Sealed Curing

■ Sealed Curing

- Preventing loss of water during curing accompanied by the uses of waterproof paper, plastic
sheeting, and curing membranes

- Using sheets
 Convenience & Lower labor requirements
 Specifications for sheet material are given in ASTM C 171

- Liquid membrane-forming curing compounds

 Popular in the curing of concrete pavements, and floors
 Specifications for membrane curing compounds are given in ASTM C 309

- Evaluation of the materials for sealed curing : ASTM C 171

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 Curing

Curing in Special Situations (1)

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 Curing

Curing in Special Situations (2)

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