07/12/2021

TAM Guide

FHWA and AASHTO

Sponsored Webinar Series
on the AASHTO
Transportation Asset
Management Guide – A
Focus on Implementation

November 2011

What is asset management?

Asset Management is a systematic

process which allows for the
maintenance, upgrading and
operation of our physical assets in a
cost effective manner.

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Why do we need asset management?

• Existing infrastructure is ageing

• Increased demand for better roads,
bridges, sidewalks, lights and improved
sewer & water systems
• Higher standards for safety & health
• Environmental protection concerns
• Regulations
• Growth

What are the essential

components of the plan?
1. Asset Value

2. Life Cycle Management

3. Sustainability

4. Integration of Technical & Financial Plans

5. Risk Assessment

6. Performance Management

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AASHTO Transportation Asset Management (TAM) Guide

• Provides a strategic framework for asset management

• Address strategic questions as transportation agencies manage their surface
transportation system

• Establishes a common language for TAM practice and includes

commonly used definitions

• Realize the most from financial resources now and in the future to
address
• Preserving highway assets
• Providing the service expected by customers

• Focuses on approaches that an agency can take and use

• Lessons that come from practical experience of agencies that are implementing asset
management today

TAM Business Model – Five Core Questions

1. What is the current state of my assets?

2. What are my required levels of service and performance delivery?

3. Which assets are critical to sustained performance delivery?

4. What are my best investment strategies for operations, maintenance,

replacements and improvement?

5. What is my best long-term funding strategy?

FHWA Multisector Asset Management Brochure

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TAM Guide Shows How to Tie Funding to Performance

Based Outcomes

• TAM helps move away from formula-based funding allocation to

performance based

• TAM ties performance-based levels of service to agency objectives

• Define performance outcomes
• Set LOS
• Make program decisions
• Optimize use of funds to achieve performance objectives

• Measurable outcomes that can be tied to the delivery of annual plans

and programs

TAM Guide Shows How to Realize the Benefits

• TAM enables better use of existing funds – by better quantifying current

and future performance and optimizing the agency’s decisions.

• TAM improves agency competitiveness for limited funds – by improving

the agency’s credibility, and its knowledge of the long term needs of
assets.

• TAM helps build constructive political relationships – by providing hard

information that can be readily understood.

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Asset Management Benefits

Two fold benefits:

 Reduce cost
 Extend life

(Life cycle)

Asset Management Benefits

Another benefit is to
increase the levels
of service

Levels of Service is a
compromise between
existing and expected
service levels

Levels of Service
Balance between (LOS)
cost, risk and LOS

Risk Cost
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Asset Management Plan

Step 6

Step 1 to 3 – Data oriented

Step 4 to 5 – Methodology and policy issues Step 5
Decision-making
Step 6 – Decision-making

Step 4

Calculations
Step 3
Models
Protocols
Step 2

Step 1
Asset knowledge

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TAM Guide Road Map – 14 Steps to Implementation

Part One Part Two

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Managing Physical Assets

Features of an Asset Management “System”

1.Inventory
2.Condition Measure
3.Prediction of Future Condition
4.Tools / Metrics for Managing Network

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Inventory – What do I own?

You can’t manage what you don’t know you own

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Inventory – What do I own?

Need data on any feature that influences:

• Cost to Replace or Maintain

• Maintenance or Rehab Treatment Options
• Influences Management Decisions
• Service Life

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Inventory – Basics

• Pavement Type
• Asphalt
• Concrete
• Sealcoat
• Composite
• How many lane miles of each?
• How wide are the lanes?
• Where are they? – Map
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Inventory – Others

• What types of roads are they? – functional class

• Maintenance history
• Funding qualification
• Curb types
• Shoulder type and width
• Presence of other utilities and general condition
• Confining structures (overpass)
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Condition– What Shape is it In?

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Condition – Picking A System

• Sustainable
• Can I afford to collect the data?
• Can my staff collect that data or do I have to hire it out?
• Can I collect enough data to give me suitable information?

• Be descriptive about the asset

• Can I make decisions about the asset from the rating?
• Can it be understood by staff?
• Can I explain it to public and elected officials?
• Is the level of data appropriate?

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Condition Rating – Types of Systems

Ordered State Ratings

Set of criteria which describe a set of discrete, ordered states.

Professional observer judges state and assigns rating.

Usually most cost effective system

Most subject to variability by rater

• PASER – Pavement Surface Evaluation and Rating

• Maintenance State “Good – Fair – Poor”

• MDOT Sufficiency Rating System

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Condition Rating – Types of Systems

Index System
Set of criteria which relates physical measurements of distress
extent and observer opinion of severity to a numeric rating.

Criteria numerically relate distresses to each other.

Usually requires sampling and reliance on statistics to apply over

large network

Index levels may not be discrete

Record of distress propagation

• PCI – Pavement Condition Index (Micropaver)

• MDOT Distress Index

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Index Rating

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Condition Rating – Types of Systems

Measurements of physical aspects

• Rutting
• Roughness
• Skid resistance
• FWD data (pavement rigidity)
• Crack frequency

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Why Rate Roads?

• Anticipate treatment windows – “When to do things”

• Condition measure – “What things to do”
• Measure of adequacy– “How did that treatment/design
work?”

• Measure of network change - “Are things getting better or

worse?”

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Predicting the Future Condition

• Past experience / Professional opinion

• Rules of thumb
• Traffic Volume
• Model historical rating data
• Forward Looking Models

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Predicting the Future

Rules of thumb
• New asphalt pavement last 14 years

• 5 years after rehab or 2 years after overlay need a crack seal

• 8 years after resurfacing need seal coat

• Overlays last 6 years

Concerns

• No calibration

• Assumptions are sensitive to error

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Predicting the Future

Traffic Volume
• Design ESALS

• Use traffic counts as measure of remaining service life

Concerns

• Assumes construction reflects design

• Hard to calibrate to meaningful intervals

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Modeling Historical Data

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Modeling Historical Data

Constrained polynomial
• Fit progressively higher order polynomials

• Constrain so fit line does not have positive slope

Curve Form Fitting

• Makes assumptions about general form

• Fits curve family to data points

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Early Estimation - Prescriptive

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PASER RATING

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5
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3
2
1

1 5 10 15 20 25 30
Years Since Construction

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Modeling Curve Form Fitting

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PASER RATING

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5
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3
2
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1 5 10 15 20 25 30
Years Since Construction

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Polynomial Fitting

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9
8
7
PASER RATING

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5
4
3
2
1

1 5 10 15 20 25 30
Years Since Construction

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Network Management Tools –

Getting Asset Where You Want It To Be

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Network Level Vs. Project Level

Project: Moving pieces

Network: Winning game

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Service Cycle

• How big is the network?

• How much of the network do I do work on?

• How long will it take to “touch” the entire network?

• Is this longer than the expected life of my pavement?

• EXAMPLE
• 500 lane mile road network
• Do 10 lane miles of work each year
• Takes 500/10 = 50 years to touch all of the network
• Asphalt pavement only last 15 years

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Historical Distribution

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Winning or Loosing?

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NCPP Network Condition Health

MI Example—625 Lane Mile Network
Programmed Fix Cost ESL # of Lane Lane Total Cost
Activity per Lane Years Miles of Fix Mile
Mile Years

Reconstruction $530,000 15 4 60 $2,120,000

Rehabilitation $170,000 14 6 84 $1,020,000

Mill & Overlay $68,000 8 5 40 $340,000

Non Struc. OvL $32,000 2 7 14 $224,000

Crack Seal $4,800 1 6 6 $28,800

204 $3,732,800

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Network Level Strategy Analysis

Using Computer Models

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Life-Cycle Analysis:
Seven Simple Questions! (abbreviated)
1. What do you have?
2. What is it worth?
3. What is its condition?
4. What do you need to do to it?
5. When do you need to do it?
6. How much will it cost/what is the risk?
7. How do you ensure long-term affordability?

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Pavement Performance Prediction Curves

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Revisit the ‘Six Whats’

 What do you own? Asset knowledge

 What is it worth?
 What is the condition? Calculations

 What is the deferred maintenance? Models

Protocols
 What is the remaining service life?
 What do you fix first? Decision-making

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Revisit the ‘Six Whats’

 What do you own?
• Asset inventory
• Database
 Paper based
 Electronic (relational database and spreadsheets)
 Integration with GIS and CMMS

 What is it worth?
• Asset valuation
 Book value, historical value, depreciated value, PV
 Current Replacement Value (CRV)
 Cost modeling (direct and indirect costs, PSAB, FCA)
• Life cycle cost/Whole life cost
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Revisit the ‘Six Whats’

 What is the condition?
• Condition assessment
 Condition grading systems (subjective evaluation, distress based
matrices and hybrid systems)
• Structural and functional (defects, breaks, hydraulics,
blockages etc.)
• Protocols (IT tools)
 PMS, BMS, WRc, NAAPI or homegrown
• Prediction modeling (Markov, survival functions, NN)

 What is the deferred maintenance?

• Facility Condition Index (FCI)
• Maintenance backlog and economic inflation/deflation
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Revisit the ‘Six Whats’

 What is the remaining service life?
• Service life modeling
 Analytical and probabilistic methods
 Costs for alternative maintenance, repair and renewal

 What do you fix first?

• Prioritization
 Methods: AHP, B/C, weighted factor methods, PAN, MOO
and expert knowledge
 Ranking: Asset by asset or group of assets
 Costs for alternative maintenance, repair and renewal
• Decision-making
 Combination of all and political agenda
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Asset Management Framework

 Planning (proactive and reactive)

 Implementation (generally life cycle approach)
• Acquisition/construction
• Operation
• Maintenance
• Repair and rehab
• decommissioning

 Evaluating
 Improving/Developing
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