Course paper of probability and statistics

College：Business Administration
Major： Business Administration： ,
Name： Mouad Bendarir , Student number 2020178012

Reflection about Statistics and Probability

I have extensively studied statistics and probability throughout this course.

Probability and Statistics is a basic mathematics course which study the random
phenomenon. Statistics is a branch of mathematics that has applications in almost
every facet of our daily life. Probability is a numerical description of the likelihood of
an event. Probability and statistics are related in an important way. Probability is used
as a tool; it allows you to evaluate the reliability of your conclusions about the
population when you have only sample information.
From this course, I learned a lot about descriptive data analysis for both one and two
variables, present probability, probability distributions, and sampling distributions,
and show large - sample estimation.
So ， I learned types of two variables: qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative
variables measure a quality or characteristic on each experimental unit. Quantitative
variables measure a numerical quantity or amount one each experimental unit. This
chapter was difficult for me to understand.
For example, identify the experimental units on which the following variables are
measured: Gender of a student - the student. “But why?” Color of a car entering a
parking lot - a car. its same question "why was this answer?". I thinking because an
experimental unit is the entity on which the variable is measured. So, I already know
that easy to understanding.
I know with definitions like this: The symbol σ is used to represent the standard
deviation of the population. The variance can never be negative. The correlation
coefficient ranges between -1 and +1. A coin-tossing experiment is a simple example
of an important discrete random variable called the binomial random variable.

1
The probability distribution or a discrete random variable is a formula, table, or graph
that gives the possible values of x, and the probability p(x)associated with each value
of x. A variable x is a random variable if the value that it assumes, corresponding to
the outcome of an experiment, is a chance or random event. Two events, A and B, are
said to be independent if and only if the prob-ability of event Bis not influenced or
changed by the occurrence of event A, or vice versa and etc..
I can use to formulas. For example:
1. μ = ( Σ Xi ) / N. The symbol ‘μ’ represents the population mean.  The symbol ‘Σ
Xi’ represents the sum of all scores present in the population (say, in this case) X 1
X2 X3 and so on.  The symbol ‘N’ represents the total number of individuals or
cases in the population.

2. The probability distribution of the random variable X is called a binomial

distribution, and is given by the formula: P(X)= Cxnpxqn−x. Where n = the number
of trials, x = 0, 1, 2, ... n, p = the probability of success in a single trial, q = the
probability of failure in a single trial. Cxn is a combination. P(X) gives the
probability of successes in n binomial trials. This variable is often used to describe
the number of occurrences of a specified event in a fixed number of trials or a
fixed unit of time or space.

From 1 to 8 chapters, it was a little difficult to understand the homework and learn a
lot of formulas, but it was interesting. I have never done a stats class before this one.
This course, probability and statistics, given for me the key for enabling to better
understand, process, and interpret the vast amounts of quantitative data that exist all
around me, and to have a probabilistic sense in situations of uncertainty. It was able to
judge the validity of a data-supported argument presented, to discern the believability
of a persuasive advertisement that talks about the results of a survey of all of the users
of a particular product, or to be knowledgeable consumers of the data-intensive
government and electoral statistics that are ever-present.