Date: 20/05/2020

SLIDE NO. 11

Static Lateral Force Procedure

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 12

Static Lateral Force Procedure

Structural Systems
UBC 97 provides five major categories of building types distinguished by the method used to resist lateral force. These building
types consists of bearing walls, building frames, moment-resisting frames, dual systems, and cantilevered columns.

In a Bearing wall system, shear walls or braced frames provide support for all the gravity lateral loads. These types of system are
less ductile (R=2.8 to 4.5).

In a Building frame system has separate systems to support lateral forces and gravity loads. A frame is used for gravity loads
and shear walls or braced frames are used to carry lateral loads (R=5.5 to 7.0).

Moment Resisting frames are specially detailed to provide good ductility and support for both the lateral and gravity loads by
flexural action (R=3.5 to 8.5).

Dual Systems are comprises of shear walls and moment resisting frames. In this system moment resisting frames are design to
carry at least 25% of total lateral loads (R=4.2 to 8.5).

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 13

Static Lateral Force Procedure

Structural Systems
An Inverted Pendulum Structure consists of a structure supported on cantilever column elements. These system resist lateral as well as
gravity loads (R=2.2).

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 14

Static Lateral Force Procedure

Seismic Dead Load W
The dead load W, used for calculating the base shear, includes the self-weight, finishes, masonry and other
superimposed permanent load. In self-weight of the structure, slab, beam, stair cases, shear walls and tributary
self-weight of the column at particular floor level need to be considered. Tributary self-weight means, at first
floor level half of the column self-weight from below the 1st floor level and half above the 1st floor level should
be considered.

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 15

Static Lateral Force Procedure

Soil Profile Types

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 16

Static Lateral Force Procedure

Seismic Coefficients Cv and Ca

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 17

Static Lateral Force Procedure

Seismic Source Type

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 18

Static Lateral Force Procedure

Near Source factors based on Seismic Source Type

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 19

Static Lateral Force Procedure

Distribution of Lateral Force Fx

The extra force at the top is

Ft accounts for the greater participation of the higher-mode responses of longer-period structures. The remaining
portion of the total base shear (V – Ft) is distributed over the height, including the top, by the formula

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 20

Sample Problems
• Fundamental Period from Method A

Q-01: Calculate the fundamental period from Method-A for a

five story building with different material and structural system

the typical story height equal to 10ft. (a) Steel moment resisting

frame, (b) concrete moment resisting frame, (c) braced steel

frame building, (d) reinforced concrete shear wall building, (e)

reinforced concrete with precast shear wall and (f) reinforced

concrete with infill wall?

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 21

Sample Problems
• Fundamental Period from Method A

(a) Steel moment resisting frame, Ct = 0.035

(b) concrete moment resisting frame, Ct = 0.030

(c) braced steel frame building, Ct = 0.020

(d) reinforced concrete shear wall building, Ct = 0.02

(e) reinforced concrete with precast shear wall and Ct = 0.02

(f) reinforced concrete with infill wall Ct = 0.02

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 22

Sample Problems
• Fundamental Period from Method A
Height of the given structure = hn = 5x10 = 50ft

(a) Steel moment resisting frame, TA = 0.66 sec

(b) concrete moment resisting frame, TA = 0.56 sec

(c) braced steel frame building, TA = 0.37 sec

(d) reinforced concrete shear wall building, TA = 0.37 sec

(e) reinforced concrete with precast shear wall and TA = 0.37 sec

(f) reinforced concrete with infill wall TA = 0.37 sec

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 23

Sample Problems
• An alternate approach
An other simplified approach used to calculate the period of the structure is T = N/10.

Here N = Number of Stories

So for the given problem, T = 0.5 sec which is close to reinforced concrete moment frame

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 24

Sample Problems
• Story drift and drift ratio
Q-02: Calculate the story drift and drift ration for the given frame. The

fundamental period of the frame is 0.4sec and the floor displacements

are shown in table,

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 25

Sample Problems
• Story drift and drift ratio
Drift is generally defined as the lateral displacement of one floor

relative to the floor below.

Story drift = dj - di Floor Displacement Story Drift

(in) dj-di (in)
4th Floor d4 2.5 d4-d3 0.75
3rd Floor d3 1.75 d3-d2 0.55
2nd Floor d2 1.2 d2-d1 0.57
1st Floor d1 0.63 d1-d0 0.63
Base 0

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 26

Sample Problems
• Story drift and drift ratio
Drift ration = (dj – di)/story height

Story Drift
Floor Displacement (in) dj-di (in) Drift Ratio (%)
4th Floor d4 2.5 d4-d3 0.75 0.52
3rd Floor d3 1.75 d3-d2 0.55 0.38
2nd Floor d2 1.2 d2-d1 0.57 0.40
1st Floor d1 0.63 d1-d0 0.63 0.44
Base 0

The calculated drift ratios are less than the limiting value 2.5% as per
UBC-97 for the given frame, since the period of the frame is less than
0.7sec.

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 27

Sample Problems
• Seismic Base Shear and lateral forces at story level
Q-03: A three story, Concrete, Intermediate moment-resisting frame shown in figure is located on a site in zone 2B
with a soil profile type SB. Calculate the value of the seismic Base shear and also calculate the distribution of base
shear over the height (Fx)?

36 ft
Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad
Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 28

Sample Problems
Number of Stories = N = 3
Total height = H = 36ft
Type of Frame = Concrete, Intermediate moment
resisting frame (IMRF)
Soil profile type = SB
Seismic Zone = 2B (Z = 0.2g Table 16-I)
Ct = 0.03 (Based on empirical approach)
Response reduction factor = R = 5.5 Table 16-N
Seismic Coefficients, Ca = 0.2 Table 16-Q
Cv = 0.2 Table 16-R
Seismic Weight = W = 3x1000 = 3000kips

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 29

Sample Problems
Importance factor = I = 1.0 Table 16-K
Fundamental Period = T = 0.03 x 36 (0.75) = 0.44 sec
Base Shear = V = (Cv I/R T) x W = (0.2 x 1) / (5.5 x 0.44) x 3000
V = 248 kips
Vmax = 2.5 (Ca I/ R T) x W
Vmax = 2.5 (0.2 x 1.0/ 5.5 x 0.44) x 3000 = 620 kips
Vmin = 0.11 Ca I W
Vmin = 0.11 x 0.2 x 1.0 x 3000 = 66kips
So the design base shear = V = 248 kips

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 30

Sample Problems
Lateral forces at story level (𝑭𝒙 )
𝐹𝑡 is equal to zero since T < 0.7 sec
F3 = 124 k
So 𝑉 = σ 𝐹𝑥

𝑉 − 𝐹𝑡
𝐹𝑥 = 𝑊𝐻 F2 = 82.7 k
σ 𝑊𝑥 𝐻𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

V (kips) 248 F1 = 41.3 k

Ft (kips) 0
S Wx Hx 72000
level Height Weight Wx Hx Fx
# H(ft) Wx (kips) k-ft kips
3 36 1000 36000 124.00 V = 248 k
2 24 1000 24000 82.67
1 12 1000 12000 41.33
Base 72000 248.00

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 31

Sample Problems
Story shear and Overturning Moment

F3 = 124 k 3
Ft (kips) 0
S Wx Hx 72000
F2 = 82.7 k 2 level Height Weight Wx Hx Fx Story Shear Overturning Moment
# H(ft) Wx (kips) k-ft kips kips k-ft
3 36 1000 36000 124.00 124.00 0
2 24 1000 24000 82.67 206.67 1488
F1 = 41.3 k 1 1 12 1000 12000 41.33 248.00 3968
Base 72000 248.00 6944

V = 248 k

M = 6944 k-ft
Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad
Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date: 20/05/2020
SLIDE NO. 32

Sample Problems
Story shear and Overturning Moment

F3 = 124 k

F2 = 82.7 k V3 = 124 k M3 = 1488 k-ft

F1 = 41.3 k V2 = 206.7 k M2 = 1488+2480 k-ft

V1 = 248 k
V = 248 k
M1 = 1488+2480+2976 =6944 k-ft

Design of Tall Structures (CE-514), Dr. Aslam Faqeer Mohammad

Copyrights Protected – Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi