Sistem Lingkungan industri (SLI)

Green manufacturing
Dr. Sutarno dan Pawawoi, ST, MT

Jurusan Teknik metalurgi, Fakultas Teknologi Manufaktur,

Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Bandung
Jalan Terusan Jenderal Gatot Subroto (samping PT. Pindad) Bandung 40285
Telepon 022 7312741
1 Email : Sutarno@lecture.unjani.ac.id 10/12/2021
 Daftar isi

Green Process
A green process refers to the specific actions that allow reducing the environmental
impacts among all the processes involved in the manufacture activities of a product [1].

Proses Hijau
Proses hijau mengacu pada tindakan spesifik yang memungkinkan pengurangan
dampak lingkungan di antara semua proses yang terlibat dalam kegiatan pembuatan
suatu produk [1].

Reaksi Stokiometri dan Neraca Massa

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 Green Manufacturing

Ekstraksi bijih logam mendapatkan

logam murni

Paduan atau murni sesuai kebutuhan

Manufakturing dan Aplikasi

Reuse, Recycle, replace

 Green Manufacturing

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 Green Manufacturing: Penglahan Bjih Nickel

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 Green Manufacturing
Green Manufacturing: Penglahan Bjih Nickel

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 Green Manufacturing Pengolahan Bijijh Zinc

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 What Is Green Manufacturing
❑ Green manufacturing is a method for manufacturing that
minimizes waste and pollution.

Limbah gas
Material
(produk samping)

Energi
Proses Produk utama
Manufakturing
Informasi Limbah pada dan cair
(produk samping)

❑ These goals are often achieved through product and process

design.
 Green Manufacturing Bijih Nickel

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 Green Manufacturing
Alur proses berbasis bijih logam
SO2 CO2

Reaksi Roasting Reaksi Reduksi

NiS(s) + O2(g) → NiO (s)+ SO2(g) NiO(s)+ CO(g) → Ni (s)+ CO2(g) Slag

FeS2 + O2(g) → Fe2O3 (s)+ SO2 (g) Fe2O3 + CO(g)→ Fe (s)+ CO2(g)

Slag
FeNi

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Diagram alir proses reduksi (ekstraksi dengan jalur pirometalurgi)
Uji EDS/XRF/XRD
1. EDS : Unsur
2. XRD : Oksida
CO2 =.... (g)
3. XRD : Fasa dan senyawa

Bijih nikel laterik Reaksi reduksi

=43 gr NiO + CO → Ni + CO2 Slag (terak)
Fe203 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3C02
Uji EDS/XRF/XRD

CO= ....... gr
FeNi

Uji EDS/XRF/XRD

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 Green Manufacturing

• Product design – includes the the definition of the product architecture and
the design, production, and and testing of a system for production.

Produk X atau Y
Definisi dan
arsitektur

Drawing dan spesifikasi

Desain

Produk las, casting, forming,

Production machining, powder met

Testing Dimensi dan fungsi

 Green Manufacturing

Three life cycle approaches to product design:

❑ Design for reuse – refers to designing products so that they can be
used in later generations of products.
❑ Design for disassembly – a method for developing products so that
they can be easily taken apart.
❑ Design for remanufacture – a method for developing products so that
the parts can be used in other products.

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 Green Manufacturing
❑ “Cleaner production is a preventive strategy that aims at promoting the use
and the development of cleaner, processes, products, and services”.

❑ “A key to more sustainable development is long-term structural changes in

the way our economies work”

Limbah gas
Plastik dari fosil (produk samping)

Bahan, proses,
Manufakturing

Plastik dari Limbah pada dan cair

biomassa (produk samping)
Neraca massa dalam ekstraksi bijih besi
Material dan energy input dan output of BOF steel making
Relationship between scale o resouece dan funds with kowlwdge chain
Tujuan Green Manufacturing
Neraca massa dalam ekstraksi bijih besi
Neraca massa dalam ekstraksi bijih besi
Environmental problem and relationship among different type of environmental problem
Neraca massa dalam ekstraksi bijih besi
Neraca massa dalam ekstraksi bijih besi
Neraca massa dalam ekstraksi bijih besi
Ekologic development of enterprise grading picture
Change of manufacturing proses dan technologies in large steel making plant
Connotation of steel product life cycle
Energy and CO2 emission comparation of cement product by BF slag limestone
 Tujuan Green Manufacturing
• The purpose is to support future generations by attaining
sustainability by the means of preserving natural resources.

• “Environmentally benign manufacturing will become one of industry’s

greatest strategic challenges, not only from an engineering perspective,
but from a business and marketing perspective as well.” (3)

• Range of coordinated actions

• Trade and environment policies (mutually supportive)
• Eliminating environmental harmful subsidies
• Promoting the transfer of technologies and financial resources
• Efficient operation of markets
• Achieving greater international cooperation (4)

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 Green Manufacturing

❑ Businesses have a responsibility of influence

❑ Prices of raw material and subsidized energy are essential
❑ Lack of availability and information
❑ High-profile leadership
❑ Training programs need more support
❑ Accessibility to loans from the government
❑ National cleaner production centers need to be established

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Dampak Tidak Green Manufacturing
Dampak Tidak Green Manufacturing
Dampak Tidak Green Manufacturing
Dampak Tidak Green Manufacturing
Upaya Green Manufacturing
Upaya Green Manufacturing
Upaya Green Manufacturing
Upaya Green Manufacturing
Green Manufacturing
Upaya Green Manufacturing
Green Manufacturing
 Upaya Green Manufacturing

1) Reduce energy consumption

2) Integrate promotion
3) Incorporate goals
4) Promote development
5) Integrate environmental costs (4)

• The need for fossil fuels has lead to

discoveries of different methods of
manufacturing that replace renewable
resources.

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 Green Manufacturing

1) Rethink product and process technology The need for fossil fuels has
lead to discoveries of different
2) Explore the market potential methods of manufacturing that
3) Supply goods and services replace renewable resources.

4) Extend producer responsibility (4)

5) Reduce energy consumption • Petroleum.
• Fossil fuel base for plastic.
6) Integrate promotion • Can be replaced by plants.
» Corn can be fermented
7) Incorporate goals into
polyhydroxyalkanoates
8) Promote development (PHA).
» Final product is
9) Integrate environmental costs (4) synthesized biologically
and completely
biodegradable.
• Fast food and packaging
industry use polystyrene
which has similar
characteristics as PHA.

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 Green Manufacturing

• Corn is grown and harvested

• Transported to manufacturing plant
• Glucose extracted and fermented
• Cells are washed and spun in centrifuge twice
• Concentrated and dried into powder

• “Do you think that this process of turning corn

or plants into other fossil fuels will be
beneficial to the environment in the future?”
• Why or why not?

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 Green Manufacturing
• More energy is consumed during polymer production through plant fermentation.
• Energy is required to produce fertilizer, insecticide, and herbicides.
• Energy is also required in growing, harvesting, and processing. (3)

• Total energy for 1 lb. Of PHA s equal to the utilization of 2.38 lbs of fossil fuel resources
• Same amount of polystyrene using chemical manufacturing needs only 2.26 lbs of oil
• 19 times more electricity, 22% more steam, and seven times more water (3)

• 2.39 lbs would have to be burned to make energy in fermentation

• 1.26 lbs would be burned in chemical manufacturing
• Polluting effects are greater (3)

• “Given adequate support, renewable energy technologies can meet much of the growing
demand at prices lower than those usually forecast for conventional energy. By the
middle of the 21st century, renewable resources of energy could account for 3/5 of the
world’s electricity market and 2/5 of the market for fuels used directly. Moreover,
making a transition to renewable-intensive energy economy would provide
environmental and other benefits not measure id standard economic accounts”.(4)

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 Upaya Green Manufacturing
• “Cleaner production is a preventive strategy that aims at promoting the use
and the development of cleaner, processes, products, and services”.
• “A key to more sustainable development is long-term structural changes in
the way our economies work”. (2)

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