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Gate Solved Paper - Ce: Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines
Gate Solved Paper - Ce: Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines
Gate Solved Paper - Ce: Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines
Q. 1 For a 2-D flow field, the stream function y is given as y = 3 ^y2 - x2h.
2
The magnitude of discharge occurring between the stream line passing through
points (0, 3) and (3, 4) is
(A) 6 units (B) 3 units
(C) 1.5 units (D) 2 units
Q. 3 For subcritical flow in an open channel, the control section for gradually varied
flow profile is
(A) at the downstream end (B) at the upstream end
(C) at both ends (D) at any intermediate section
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YEAR 2012 ONE MARK
Q. 6 If a small concrete cube is submerged deep in still water in such a way that the
pressure exerted on all faces of the cube is p, then the maximum shear stress
developed inside the cube is
(A) 0 (B) p/2
(C) p (D) 2p
Q. 7 A trapezoidal channel is 10.0 m wide at the base and has a side slope of 4
horizontal to 3 vertical. The bed slope is 0.002. The channel is lined with smooth
concrete (Manning’s n = 0.012 ).The hydraulic radius (in m) for a depth of flow
of 3.0 m is
(A) 20.0 (B) 3.5
(C) 3.0 (D) 2.1
Q. 9 The circular water pipes shown in the sketch are flowing full. The velocity of flow
(in m/s) in the branch pipe “R” is
(A) 3 (B) 4
(C) 5 (D)6
Q. 10 For a given discharge, the critical flow depth in an open channel depends on
(A) channel geometry only
(B) channel geometry and bed slope
(C) channel geometry, bed slope and roughness
(D) channel geometry, bed slope, roughness and Reynolds number
Q. 11 For a body completely submerged in a fluid, the centre of gravity (G ) and centre
of Buoyancy (O ) are known. The body is considered to be in stable equilibrium if
(A) O does not coincide with the centre of mass of the displaced fluid
(B) G coincides with the centre of mass of the displaced fluid
(C) O lies below G
(D) O lies above G
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Q. 12 The flow in a horizontal, frictionless rectangular open channel is supercritical. A
smooth hump is built on the channel floor. As the height of hump is increased,
choked condition is attained. With further increase in the height of the hump, the
water surface will
(A) rise at a section upstream of the hump
(B) drop at a section upstream of the hump
(C) drop at the hump
(D) rise at the hump
Q. 13 A single pipe of length 1500 m and diameter 60 cm connects two reservoirs having
a difference of 20 m in their water levels. The pipe is to be replaced by two pipes
of the same length and equal diameter ‘d ’ to convey 25% more discharge under
the same head loss. If the friction factor is assumed to be the same for all the
pipes, the value of ‘d ’ is approximately equal to which of the following options ?
(A) 37.5 cm (B) 40.0 cm
(C) 45.0 cm (D) 50.0 cm
Q. 17 Match List-I (Devices) with List-II (Uses) and select the answer using the codes
given below the lists :
List-I List-II
a. Pitot tube 1. Measuring pressure in a pipe
b. Manometer 2. Measuring velocity of flow in a pipe
c. Venturimeter 3. Measuring air and gas velocity
d. Anemometer 4. Measuring discharge in a pipe
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Codes :
a b c d
(A) 1 2 4 3
(B) 2 1 3 4
(C) 2 1 4 3
(D) 4 1 3 2
Q. 18 For a rectangular channel section, Match List-I (Geometrical elements) with List-
II (Proportions for hydraulicallys efficient section) and select the correct answer
using the codes given below the lists :
List-I List-II
a. Top width 1. ye /2
b. Perimeter 2. ye
c. Hydraulic Radius 3. 2ye
d. Hydraulic Depth 4. 4ye
ye is the flow depth corresponding to hydraulically efficient section.
Codes :
a b c d
(A) 2 4 1 3
(B) 3 1 4 2
(C) 3 4 1 2
(D) 3 4 2 1
Q. 19 The Froude number of flow in a rectangular channel is 0.8. If the depth of flow is
1.5 m, the critical depth is
(A) 1.80 m (B) 1.56 m
(C) 1.36 m (D) 1.29 m
Q. 21 Water flows through a 100 mm diameter pipe with a velocity of 0.015 m/sec. If
the kinematic viscosity of water is 1.13 # 10- 6 m2 sec , the friction factor of the
pipe material is
(A) 0.0015
(B) 0.032
(C) 0.037
(D) 0.048
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Q. 22 A rectangular open channel of width 4.5 m is carrying a discharge of 100 m3 /sec.
The critical depth of the channel is
(A) 7.09 m (B) 17.0 m
(C) 2.16 m (D) 1.31 m
Q. 23 Water (gw = 9.879 kN/m3) flows with a flow rate of 0.3 m3 sec through a pipe AB
of 10 m length and of uniform cross-section. The end B is above end A and the
pipe makes an angle of 30c to the horizontal. For a pressure of 12 N/m2 at the
end B, the corresponding pressure at the end A is
(A) 12.0 kN/m2 (B) 17.0 kN/m2
(C) 56.4 kN/m2 (D) 61.4 kN/m2
Q. 24 A person standing on the bank of a canal drops a stone on the water surface. He
notices that the disturbance on the water surface is not travelling upstream. This
is because the flow in the canal is
(A) sub-critical (B) super-critical
(C) steady (D) uniform
Q. 25 The flow of water (mass density = 100 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity = 10- 6 m2 /s
in a commercial pipe, having equivalent roughness ks as 0.12 mm, yields an
average shear stress at the pipe boundary = 600 N/m2 . The value of ks /dl (dl
being the thickness of laminar sub-layer) for this pipe is
(A) 0.25 (B) 0.50
(C) 6.0 (D) 8.0
Q. 28 A hump is to be provided on the channel bed. The maximum height of the hump
without affecting the upstream flow condition is
(A) 0.50 m (B) 0.40 m
(C) 0.30 m (D) 0.20 m
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Q. 29 The channel width is to be contracted. The minimum width to which the channel
can be contracted without affecting the upstream flow condition is
(A) 3.0 m (B) 3.8 m
(C) 4.1 m (D) 4.5 m
Q. 32 There is a free overfall at the end of a long open channel. For a given flow rate,
the critical depth is less than the normal depth. What gradually varied flow
profile will occur in the channel for this flow rate ?
(A) M 1 (B) M 2
(C) M 3 (D) S1
Q. 33 At two point 1 and 2 in a pipeline the velocities are V and 2V, respectively. Both
the points are at the same elevation. The fluid density is r. The flow can be
assumed to be incompressible, inviscid, steady and irrotational. The difference in
pressures P1 and P2 at point 1 and 2 is
(A) 0.5 rV 2 (B) 1.5 rV 2
(C) 2 rV 2 (D) 3 rV 2
Q. 34 A horizontal water jet with a velocity of 10 m/s and cross sectional area of 10
mm2 strikes a flat plate held normal to the flow direction. The density of water
is 1000 kg/m3 . The total force on the plate due to the jet is
(A) 100 N (B) 10 N
(C) 1 N (D) 0.1 N
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Q. 36 A triangle open channel has a vertex angle of 90c and carries flow at a critical
depth of 0.30 m. The discharge in the channel is
(A) 0.08 m3 /s (B) 0.11 m3 /s
(C) 0.15 m3 /s (D) 0.2 m3 /s
Q. 37 Flow rate of a fluid (density = 1000 kg/m3 ) in a small diameter tube is 800 mm3 /s.
The length and the diameter of the tube are 2 m and 0.5 mm, respectively. The
pressure drop in 2 m length is equal to 2.0 MPa. The viscosity of the fluid is
(A) 0.025 Ns/m2
(B) 0.012 Ns/m2
(C) 0.00192 Ns/m2
(D) 0.00102 Ns/m2
Q. 38 The flow rate in the rectangular open channel is 2.0 m3 /s per metre width. The
channel bed slope is 0.002. The slope of ht cannel is classified as
(A) Critical (B) Horizontal
(C) Mild (D) Steep
Q. 40 Keeping the width, flow depth and roughness the same, if the bed slope of the
above channel is double, the average boundary shear stress under uniform flow
conditions is
(A) 5.6 N/m2 (B) 10.8 N/m2
(C) 12.3 N/m2 (D) 17.2 N/m2
Q. 41 The necessary and sufficient condition for a surface to be called as a ‘free surface’
is
(A) no stress should be acting on it
(B) tensile stress acting on it must be zero
(C) shear stress acting on it must be zero
(D) no print on it should be under any stress
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Q. 43 Identify the FALSE statement from the following. The specific speed of the pump
increases with
(A) increase in shaft speed
(B) increase in discharge
(C) decrease in gravitational acceleration
(D) increase in head
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Q. 49 The discharge in the pipe as equal to
(A) 0.100 m3 /s (B) 0.127 m3 /s
(C) 0.144 m3 /s (D) 0.161 m3 /s
Q. 50 If the flow is reversed, keeping the same discharge and the pressure at section 1
is maintained as 435 kN/m2 , the pressure at section 2 is equal to
(A) 488 kN/m2 (B) 549 kN/m2
(C) 586 kN/m2 (D) 614 kN/m2
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YEAR 2005 TWO MARKS
Q. 55 The circulation 'G' around a circle of radius 2 units for the velocity field u = 2x + 3y
and v =- 2y is
(A) - 6p unit
(B) - 12p units
(C) - 18p units
(D) - 24p units
Q. 56 A tank and a deflector are placed on a frictionless trolley. The tank issues water
jet (mass density of water = 1000 kg/m3 ), which strikes the deflector and turns
by 45c. If the velocity of jet leaving the deflector is 4 m/s and discharge is 0.1
m3 /s , the force recorded by the spring will be
(A) 2 3 (B) 4 3
(C) 4 m (D) 8 m
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Q. 59 A partially open sluice gate discharge water into a rectangular channel. The
tail water depth in the channel is 3 m and Froude number is 1/2 2 . If a free
hydraulic jump is to be formed at downstream of the sluice gate after the vena
contract a of the jet coming out from the sluice gate, the sluice gate opening
should be (coefficient of contraction Cc = 0.9 )
(A) 0.3 m (B) 0.4 m
(C) 0.69 m (D) 0.9 m
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(A) 43 mm water (vaccum) (B) 43 mm water
(C) 86 mm water (D) 100 mm water
Q. 64 For a pipe of radius, r, flowing half full under the action of gravity, the hydraulic
depth is
(A) r (B) pr
4
(C) r (D) 0.379r
2
Q. 66 An aircraft is flying in level flight at a speed of 200 km/hr through air (density,
r = 1.2kg/m3 , and viscosity m = 1.6 # 10- 5 Ns/m2 ). The lift coefficient at this
speed is 0.4 and the drag coefficient is 0.0065. The mass of the aircraft is 800 kg.
The effective lift area of the aircraft is
(A) 21.2 m2 (B) 10.6 m2
(C) 2.2 m2 (D) 1.1 m2
Q. 67 A velocity field is given as Vr = 2yit + 3xjt where x and y are in metres. The
acceleration of a fluid particle at (x, y) = (1, 1) in the x direction is
(A) 0 (B) 5.00 m/s2
(C) 6.00 m/s2 (D) 8.48 m/s2
Q. 69 A fire protection system is supplied from a water tower with a bent pipe as shown
in the figure. The pipe friction f is 0.03. Ignoring all minor losses, the maximum
discharge, Q, in the pipe is
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Q. 70 A steady flow occurs in an open channel with lateral inflow of qm3 s per unit
width as shown in the figure. The mass conservation equation is
2q 2Q
(A) =0 (B) =0
2x 2x
2Q 2Q
(C) -q = 0 (D) +q = 0
2x 2x
Q. 71 A steep wide rectangular channel takes off from a reservoir having an elevation
of 101.2 m. At the entrance, the bottom elevation of the channel is 100 m. If
the slope of the channel is increased by 4%, the discharge per unit length in the
channel will be
(A) 2.24 m2 /s
(B) higher than 2.24 m2 /s by 4%
(C) higher than 2.24 m2 /s by 2%
(D) choked
Q. 72 The height of a hydraulic jump in the stilling pool of 1 : 25 scale model was
observed to be 10 cm. The corresponding prototype height of the jump is
(A) not determinable from the data given
(B) 2.5 m
(C) 0.5 m
(D) 0.1 m
Q. 73 A thin flat plate 0.5 m # 0.7 m in size settles in a large tank of water with a
terminal velocity of 0.12 m/s. The coefficients of drag CD = 1.328 for a laminar
RL
boundary and CD = 0.072 1/5
for a turbulent boundary layer, where RL is the plate
(RL)
Reynolds number. Assume m = 10- 3 Ns/m2 and r = 1000 kg/m3
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Q. 74 The allowable Net Positive Sustion Head (NPSH) for a pump provided by the
manufacturer for a flow of 0.05 m3 /s is 3.3 m. The temperature of water is
30cC (vapour pressure head absolute = 0.44 m ), atmosphere pressure is 200 kPa
absolute and the heat loss from the reservoir to pump 0.3 Nm/N. The maximum
height of the pump above the sustion reservoir is
(A) 10.19 m (B) 6.89 m
(C) 6.15 m (D) 2.86 m
Q. 78 A flat plate is kept in an infinite fluid medium. The fluid has a uniform free-
stream velocity parallel to the plate, peak the correct matching List-I and List-II
List-I
a. Boundary layer thickness
b. Shear stress at the plate
c. Pressure gradient along the plate
List-II
1. Decreases in the flow direction
2. Increases in the flow direction
3. Remains unchanged
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Codes :
a b c
(A) 1 2 3
(B) 2 2 2
(C) 1 1 2
(D) 2 1 3
Q. 79 A laboratory model of a river is built to a geometric scale of 1:100. The fluid
used in the model oil of mass density 900 kg/m3 . The highest flood in the river
is 10,000 m3 /s . The corresponding discharge in the model shall be
(A) 0.095 m3 /s (B) 0.100 m3 /s
(C) 0.105 m3 /s (D) 10.5 m3 /s
Q. 80 A horizontal jet strikes a frictionless vertical plate (the plan view is shown in the
figure). It is then divided into two parts, as shown in the figure. If the impact loss
is neglected, what is the value of q ?
Q. 81 Two pipelines, one carrying oil (mass density 900 kg/m3 ) and the other water,
are connected to a manometer as shown in figure. By what amount the pressure
in the water pipe should be increased so that the mercury levels in both the limbs
of the manometer become equal ? (mass density of mercury = 13550 kg/m3 and
g = 9.81 m/s2 )
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Q. 82 A solid sphere (diameter 6 mm) is rising through oil (mass density 900 kg/m3 ,
dynamic viscosity 0.7 kg/ms) at a constant velocity of 1 cm/s. What is the specific
weight of the material form which the sphere is made ? (Take g = 9.81 m/s2 )
(A) 4.3 kN/m3 (B) 5.3 kN/m3
(C) 8.7 kN/m3 (D) 12.3 kN/m3
(A) 0.57 m
(B) 0.91 m
(C) 1.02 m
(D) 1.57 m
Q. 84 What is the increase in discharge if the additional pipe has same diameter (0.3
m) ?
(A) 0% (B) 33%
(C) 41% (D) 67%
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Q. 86 What Gradually Varied Flow profile exists at this section ?
(A) M2 (B) M 3
(C) S2 (D) S 3
Q. 87 At what distance from this section the flow depth will be 0.9 m ?
(use the direct step method employing a single step.)
(A) 65 m downstream (B) 50 m downstream
(C) 50 m upstream (D) 65 m upstream
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Q. 91 In a lined rectangular canal, the Froude number of incoming flow is 3.0. A
hydraulic jump forms when it meets the pool of water. The depth of flow after
the jump formation is 1.51 m . Froude number of flow after the hydraulic jump is
(A) 0.30 (B) 0.71
(C) 0.41 (D) None of these
Q. 93 A 15 cm length of steel rod with relative density of 7.4 is submerged in a two layer
fluid. the bottom layer is mercury and the top layer is water. The height of top
surface of the rod above the liquid interface in ‘cm’ is
(A) 8.24 (B) 7.82
(C) 7.64 (D) 7.38
Q. 94 In a 1/50 model of a spillway, the discharge was measured to be 0.3 m3 / sec . The
corresponding prototype discharge in m3 / sec is
(A) 2.0 (B) 15.0
(C) 106.0 (D) 5303.0
**********
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ANSWER KEY
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(B) (C) (A) (A) (D) (A) (D) (A) (B) (A)
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
(D) (B) (D) (C) (D) (A) (C) (C) (D) (B)
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
(D) (B) (D) (A) (D) (A) (A) (B) (C) (D)
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
(C) (B) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C) (D) (B) (D)
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
(C) (D) (D) (C) (B) (B) (C) (B) (B) (D)
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
(D) (C) (A) (C) (B) (D) (A) (D) (C) (D)
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
(D) (C) (B) (B) (D) (B) (D) (A) (B) (C)
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
(C) (B) (C) (C) (A) (C) (C) (D) (B) (B)
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
(A) (A) (C) (C) (D) (D) (C) (A) (B) (A)
91 92 93 94 95
(C) (A) (D) (D) (*)
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