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Generator Protection Schemes
Generator Protection Schemes
Once the differential protection operated, the unit can not be taken into service unless the generator
winding is thoroughly examined by the maintenance staff of any internal faults
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protection. Upon the detection of difference in current between these current transformers, the unit
is tripped with out time delay.One the generator-transformer differential protection operated, the unit
can not be taken into service unless the 11KV bus duct, unit auxiliary transformer, power transformer
are thoroughly examined by the maintenance staff for any internal faults.
Relays acted : a. Flag operation at Protection panel.
b. Acting of Master relay
c. Indication at Annunciation Panel.
Consequences : a. Tripping of 220KV breaker
b. Tripping of Field breaker
c. Stop command to Turbine throâ„¢ Mark-IV
Status : a. Unit is at coasting down.
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the rotor body, wedges, retaining rings at twice the line frequency. Heating occurs in these areas and
the resulting temperatures depend upon the level and duration of the unbalanced currents. Under
these conditions it is possible to reach temperatures at which the rotor material no longer contain the
centrifugal forces imposed on them resulting in serious damage to the turbine-generator set. Any
machine as per design data will permit some level of negative sequence currents for continuous
period.
An alarm will annunciate at annunciation panel if negative sequence currents exceeds a normal level.
Reduce the MVAR power on the machine if necessary load also and keep the machine for some
time till the alarm vanishes at annunciation panel. If the machine trips on the Negative sequence
protection never take the machine into service until the temperatures on the rotor parts settle down
to its lower value. Resynchronize the machine to the grid after considerable time under grid & feeder
parameters are within limits. If the unit trips again on the same protection, stop the machine after
consideration time so as to cool down the rotor parts and inform to the maintenance staff for
thorough examination of the system.
Relays acted : a. Flag operation at Protection panel.
b. Acting of Master relay
c. Indication at Annunciation Panel.
Consequences : a. Tripping of 220KV breaker
b. Tripping of Field breaker
Status : a. Unit is at FSNL.
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in harmful stator over current. A consequence of over current in winding is stator core over heating
and leads to failure of insulation.
If alarm annunciates at annunciation panel, Reduce the stator current to the below the rated by
reducing the MVAR power on the machine. When the trips on the same protection, Resins the
machine after keeping the machine at FSNL for some time, and keep the stator current below the
rated.
Relays acted : a. Flag operation at Protection panel.
b. Acting of Master relay
c. Indication at Annunciation Panel.
Consequences : a. Tripping of 220KV breaker
b. Tripping of Field breaker
Status : a. Unit is at FSNL.
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transformer on neutral and phase side, is exclusively used for this protection. The protection can not
detect turn-to-turn fault within one winding. Upon the detection of a phase-to-phase or phase-
to-ground fault in the winding, the unit to be tripped without time delay.
Relays acted : a. Flag operation at Protection panel.
b. Acting of Master relay
c. Indication at Annunciation Panel.
Consequences : a. Tripping of 220KV breaker
b. Tripping of Field breaker
c. Stop command to Turbine throâ„¢ Mark-IV
Status : a. Unit is at coasting down.
Once the restricted earth fault protection operated, the unit can not be taken into service unless the
transformer winding is thoroughly examined by the maintenance staff for any internals faults.
10.BACKUP IMPEDANCE PROTECTION:
Settings ; K1-3, K2-0.71 Time “ 1.5 Sec.
As in name implies, it is used to protect the generator from supplying the over loaded or faulty
system. It is backup protection of the generator over current protection. In measures ratio of the
voltage and current supplied by the generator and initiates trip signal when the measured impedance
is less than the preset value.
If the machine trips on the Backup protection, never take the machine into service until the
temperatures of the generator settle down to its lower value. Resynchronize the machine to the grid
after considerable time when grid & feeder parameters are within limits.
Relays acted : a. Flag operation at Protection panel.
b. Acting of Master relay
c. Indication at Annunciation Panel.
Consequences : a. Tripping of 220KV breaker
b. Tripping of Field breaker
c. Stop command to Turbine throâ„¢ Mark-IV
Status : a. Unit is at coasting down.
11.LOW FORWARD POWER PROTECTION:
Setting : 0.5% Time : 1 Sec.
The generator will not develop output power when turbine input is less than the no load losses and
motoring action develops on the turbine. The generator is able to generate power, usually 55 to 10%
of generator capacity, within pre-determined time after closing of 220KV breaker.
Relays acted : a. Flag operation at Protection panel.
b. Acting of Master relay
c. Indication at Annunciation Panel.
Consequences : a. Tripping of 220KV breaker
Status : a. Unit is at FSNL with potential.
The unit trips on the low forward protection, Resins the machine and increase input power to the
turbine as quickly as possible within low forward power time setting. Even after two to three attempts,
the machine is tripping on the same protection; probably the governor of turbine is faulty. Inform to
maintenance staff for rectification of the same.
12.REVERSE POWER PROTECTION:
Setting : 0.5% Time - 2.0 Sec.
It is backup protection to the low forward protection. Motoring of a generator will occur when turbine
output is reduced such that it develops less than no-load losses while the generator is still on-line,
the generator will operate as a synchronous motor and driving the turbine. The generator will not be
harmed by synchronous motoring and a steam turbine can be harmed through over heating during
synchronous motoring if continued long enough. The motoring of the turbine output can be detected
by reverse power protection. The avoid false tripping due to power swings a time delay is
incorporated before tripping signal is generated.
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failure in breaker mechanism, the result can be a single phasing and negative phase sequence
currents inducted on the rotor. The LBB protection is energized when the breaker trip is initiated
after a suitable time interval if confirmation of the confirmation of breaker tripping from three poles is
not received. The energized tripping signal from LBB protection will trip all 220KV generator breakers
and all 220KV feeder breakers through Bus-bar protection.
Relays acted : a. Flag operation at Protection panel.
b. Acting of Master relay for all units.
c. Indication at Annunciation Panel.
Consequences : a. Tripping of 220KV breaker
b. Tripping of Field breaker of all units.
Status : a. all Units are at FSNL.
Once the LBB protection operated, the entire station is in dark. First restore all essential services to
all units such as lube oil system and turning gear etc., from battery backup and. Checkup the faulty
220KV breaker and isolate the breaker from the system by opening the both side of the isolators.
After restoring all services from station supply, Close 220KV feeder breakers first and take all units
into service one after the other duly co-coordinating with the DE/LD.
Since it involves complex operation, it is necessary to get help from maintenance staff for restoring
the normally in the station. Never attempt to close the faulty 220KV generator in panic as it causes
permanent damage to the generator and transformer.
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system disturbance. The generator can tolerate moderate over frequency operation provided
voltage is within an acceptable limits. The machine operated at higher speeds at which the rotor
material no longer contain the centrifugal forces imposed on them resulting in serious damage to the
turbine-generator set. The abnormal over frequency on the machine may be due to improper speed
control adjustment or disoperation of the speed controller or severe grid disturbance or sudden load
through off.
Relays acted : a. Flag operation at Protection panel.
b. Acting of Master relay
c. Indication at Annunciation Panel.
Consequences : a. Tripping of 220KV breaker
b. Tripping of Field breaker
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