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BLOGGING
Where would world-famous playwright William Shakespeare be if he were alive today? Chances are he would be
sitting at his personal computer entertaining readers with his very own blog. Mr. Shakespeare would be joining
millions of other writers who have discovered "blogging," the newest form of expression on the Internet. Blogs are
sometimes referred to as web logs or weblogs. However, the term "blog" is the name most commonly preferred by
Internet users. Defining exactly what a blog is can be difficult. Simply put, a blog is writing published on the web
by its author. The content of a blog can be as informal as an e-mail created by a writer for friends and family to
view on-line. Blogs can also be articles reporting on news stories, essays discussing societal issues or opinion
pieces expressing personal political views. The fact is, there are as many unique forms of blogs being published
on-line as there are people writing them! Amateur writers maintained blogs on the web long before the term
became popular with mainstream computer users. However, the trend really started to gain momentum with the
introduction of automated publishing systems. Millions of people now use services such as Blogger to help with
their on-line publications. Blogger is a free web-based service that helps interested writers publish blogs on the
web. With the click of a mouse and a few key strokes even a novice can attract readers from across the globe. The
growth in on-line publishing has begun to change the way people share news, information, opinions and ideas.
Some of the most popular weblogs are ones that invite reader feedback through interactive discussion forums. The
majority of bloggers are people looking for an outlet to express their thoughts and share them with others.
However, professional lobbyists and political activists have discovered that writing blogs is an effective way to
generate interest in their causes. In a world where giant companies control so much of the information people
receive through the media, many people see blogging as a way to ensure that a variety of ideas can be
communicated around the world.
VOCABULARY CORNER
Eş anlamlı kelimeleri eşleştiriniz.
1) playwright a) amateur
2) essays b) articles
3) novice c) means
4) outlet d) comment
5) feedback e) author
COMPREHENSION CORNER
Doğru cevabı işaretleyiniz.
1) Automated on-line publishing systems have made it possible
a) for uneducated people to begin publishing careers.

b) for millions of people to begin publishing blogs on the web.
c) for computer makers to sell more computers.
d) for anyone to read your e-mail without your knowledge.
2) Blogging on the Internet has helped people around the world
a) find out the latest scores of football and hockey games.

b) discover that other countries have computers outside of the United States.
c) share news, information, opinions and ideas.
d) discover the writings of William Shakespeare.
BLOGGING-VOCABULARY CORNER
1) e
2) b
3) a
4) c
5) d
BLOGGING-COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) b
2) c
SPAM E-MAILS
Junk mail includes any advertising flyers, coupons or products that are delivered to your house without you asking
for them. If you have an e-mail account chances are you have received the computerized-version of junk mail. It's
called spam! E-mail has changed the way people communicate. It has also changed the way businesses market
their products and services to consumers. Generally, spam is the word used to describe any commercial e-mail
delivered to consumers via e-mail without their permission. Spam is usually advertising for some product or
service sent to mass mailing lists or newsgroups. People with public e-mail addresses often receive hundreds of
spam messages
every day. Many of these spam messages manage to sneak by computer filters designed specifically to block
spam. Who are the people behind this massive wave of spam? Where does it all come from? More importantly, is
there any way to stop businesses from jamming public e-mail accounts with spam? There are no simple answers
to these questions. Consumers often wind up on spam lists without even knowing it. This could happen to anyone
who supplies their actual screen name or e-mail address when entering a chat room or newsgroup. Smart
spammers have created search engines that cruise the World Wide Web looking for e-mail addresses. These
programs extract the names and e-mail addresses from the Web automatically. The data retrieved is then
used by spammers to create massive mailing lists. These mailing lists are often sold to companies hoping to direct
mail to consumers using the Internet. Spam filters are the most common technology used to combat spam.
However, even the best spam filters fail to eliminate all unwanted e-mail. Many countries are considering
legislation that would establish national "do not spam" lists similar to lists designed to block telemarketers.
Another option being considered is the elimination of e-mail as it is used now. Rather than simply sending an e-
mail, people would first be required to fill in an on-line form before sending electronic messages. This extra step
could help eliminate the millions of unwanted spam messages that clog the Internet every day!
VOCABULARY CORNER
1) communicate a) block
2) public b) unnecessary
3) unwanted c) speak
4) establish d) freely available
5) clog e) start
1) Advertising flyers and products sent to your home without your permission
a) are considered free gifts.
b) are considered junk mail.
c) are considered spam.
2) A consumer could wind up on a spam list
a) without even knowing it.
b) if they are very lucky.
c) if they own a home.
3) Companies often buy mailing lists so they can
a) invite customers to visit their stores.
b) use them to direct mail to potential customers on the Internet.
c) annoy telemarketers.
SPAM E-MAILS – VOCABULARY CORNER

1) c
2) d
3) b
4) e
5) a
SPAM E-MAILS-COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) b
2) a
3) b
HYBRID ENGINES
Drivers in North America may finally stop thinking that bigger is better when it comes to their automobiles. The
days of big cars and gas-guzzling SUVs may be coming to an end. For years, environmental groups have been
pressuring governments to order automakers to make more fuel-efficient cars. The skyrocketing price for a gallon
of gasoline may be the thing that ultimately changes the way North Americans think of their cars. The simple fact
is a car that burns twice as much gas to go a mile will cost twice as much to run. The less fuel efficient car will also
generate twice the pollution. Decreasing fuel consumption is one of the surest ways to decrease pollution from
automobiles. Automakers have responded to the environmentalists and drivers by creating a new type of car: the
hybrid car. What makes a "hybrid" car a "hybrid?" Any vehicle is classified as a hybrid when it combines two or
more sources of power for propulsion. Hybrid engines are not a new idea. For example, many people around the
world use mopeds (motorized pedal bike) to travel. A moped is a type of hybrid because it combines the power of
a gasoline engine with the pedal power of its rider. Most of the locomotives used by railway companies are diesel-
electric hybrids. The gasoline-electric powered car is the most recent development in hybrid car technology.
The two power sources found in a gasoline-electric hybrid car can be combined in different ways. The first is
known as a parallel hybrid. These cars have a fuel tank that supplies fuel to the engine. However, they also have a
set of batteries to supply power to an electric motor. Both the engine and the motor can power the transmission at
the same time to help propel the car. By contrast, a series hybrid is never directly powered by a gasoline engine.
Instead, series hybrids use a gasoline engine to turn a generator. This generator can either charge the batteries or
power an electric motor that drives the transmission. With gas prices in the United States climbing to record highs,
car manufacturers will certainly be concentrating on developing more fuel-efficient cars. The future looks good for
the hybrid car.
VOCABULARY CORNER
1) decreasing a) mixture
2) skyrocketing b) give
3) hybrid c) makers
4) supply d) lessening
5) manufacturers e) rising quickly
1) With the cost of gasoline rising, less fuel-efficient cars
a) will be more popular with car buyers.

b) will use more electricity.
c) will cost more to operate.
2) A pedal bike with a motor on it
a) is considered a hybrid vehicle.

b) uses twice the energy as a regular bike.
c) burns less fuel than a diesel car.
3) In a parallel hybrid car

a) electricity powers the entire car.
b) diesel fuel provides power to the battery.
c) a set of batteries supplies power to an electric motor.
HYBRID ENGINES-VOCABULARY CORNER
1) d
2) e
3) a
4) b
5) c
HYBRID ENGINES- COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) c
2) a
3) c
SATELLITE TELEVISIONS
Every night millions of people in the United States sit down to watch television. Many of these viewers are now
watching programs beamed into their homes from outer space. High above the earth satellites are being used to
transmit programming into their homes. Satellite television companies are quickly replacing cable television
companies as the number one providers of television service in the U.S. Satellite television was not an instant
success. When it was first introduced to the market home satellite dishes were very expensive. They were also
very large. In the beginning of the satellite era it was easy to tell which homes were hooked up with satellite
television service. These were homes with giant round metal dishes in the back yard. Only the truly passionate
television fan bought into the satellite revolution. Most television viewers at the time were content to receive
regular broadcast or cable television service. As the technology improved satellite dishes became smaller and
easier to install. Soon tiny satellite dishes began appearing on rooftops across the United States. Many people in
rural areas purchased satellite service because cable television was not always available in their area. Satellite
companies began attracting more customers by providing dedicated movie, sports and news networks. Best of all,
the price of satellite service dropped low enough to become competitive with cable service. Despite the differences
in technology satellite television is actually a lot like broadcast television. Both are wireless systems used to
deliver television programming directly to a viewer's house. Both transmit programming via a radio signal. The
difference is in the range of the signal. The range of regular broadcast television is limited. On the other hand,
television satellites are located over 22,000 miles above the earth. They travel at approximately 7,000 miles per
hour. At this speed and altitude the satellites revolve around the earth once every 24 hours, keeping pace with the
rotation of the planet. As a result, satellite users only have to adjust their dish once to receive a proper signal.
There is no guarantee that the quality of programs offered through satellite television is any better than the
quality of programs offered through cable television. But because the satellite signal is completely digital the
picture and sound quality are second to none!
SENTENCE COMPLETION
Cümleleri doğru bir şekilde eşleştiriniz.
1) ___ Home satellite dishes were expensive a) when they were first introduced.
2) ___ Passionate television fans were the first b) when the technology improved.
3) ___ Satellite dishes became smaller c) revolves around the earth.
4) ___ Satellite television is actually a lot d) like broadcast television.
5) ___ Once every 24 hours a satellite e) to buy satellite dishes.
VOCABULARY CORNER
Kelimelerin eş anlamlımı yoksa zıt anlamlımı olduğunu bulunuz.
1) beamed shined (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)
2) providers suppliers (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)
3) passionate indifferent (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)
4) differences similarities (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)
5) rotation circular movement (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)
SATELLITE TELEVISIONS-SENTENCE COMPLETION

1) a
2) e
3) b
4) d
5) c
SATELLITE TELEVISIONS-VOCABULARY CORNER
1) eş anlamlı
2) eş anlamlı
3) zıt anlamlı
4) zıt anlamlı
5) eş anlamlı
SEARCH ENGINES
Every so often creative humans manage to invent something that radically changes the world. The invention of the
wheel changed the way people traveled. The invention of the printing press changed the way people
communicated. The invention of the television changed the way people were entertained. In the late twentieth
century, the invention of the search engine changed the way people use the World Wide Web. Is the search engine
really a radical discovery? Most computer users around the world would certainly say "yes!" It was not that long
ago that people seeking information went first to the local library. That process involved searching through a card
catalog to locate books containing the proper information. Now that same search is done with the click of a
computer mouse and a quick connection to a search engine. A search engine is a computer program that is used
to retrieve documents, files or data from a computer network. Most search engines are really websites with built-in
tools that help people find information on the Internet quickly and easily. Several different types of search
engines are used to find information. World Wide Web search engines are most commonly used to find documents
on the web. Newsgroup search engines are preferred by people seeking discussions on specific topics. White pages
search engines are often used for looking to find someone's phone number. Crawler-based search engines use
computer technology to automatically update listings for their users. These engines "crawl" or "spider" along the
web looking for information. Users can then search through the information found by the search engine. Human-
powered search engines rely on humans to input new information. Both systems are effective ways to search the
web for data. There is no shortage in the number of search engines available to computer users. Google, Yahoo,
Lycos, Infoseek, Hotbot and Excite are just a few of the engines driving people on-line along the information
highway!
VOCABULARY CORNER
1) creative a) enter
2) radical b) imaginative
3) catalogue c) exact
4) specific d) listing
5) input e) revolutionary
1) Communication between people improved

a) with the invention of the wheel.
b) with the invention of the printing press.
c) once they learned to speak English.
d) because computers made communication possible.
2) If you were searching on-line for a friend's phone number you might
a) call them and ask them what their number is.
b) go to the library to use the card catalog.
c) use a white pages search engine.
d) try and use a computer to log onto the Internet.
SEARCH ENGINES-VOCABULARY CORNER

1) b
2) e
3) d
4) c
5) a
SEARCH ENGINES-COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) b
2) c
LONG-DISTANCE SURGERY
In a wooded area in rural upstate New York a hunting accident leaves a teenage boy wounded and bleeding. A
paramedic arriving on the scene pulls a portable ultrasound unit out of his medical kit. He uses the unit to scan the
injury. The information is sent by cell phone to a surgeon in a hospital hundreds of miles away in New York City. A
computer converts the information into a digital ultrasound image. The image shows the location of the bullet and
also reveals other internal injuries. The boy is rushed to the nearest hospital. The surgeon remains hundreds of
miles away, yet he begins to operate on the teenager's injured leg. How can this be possible? The answer is long-
distance surgery. Digital technology has made it possible to transmit and receive data in an instant. This
"realtime" transmission of audio and video information is now being applied to telemedicine. Medics on the scene
are now able to communicate directly with doctors in hospitals at other locations. By using a virtual reality-guided
remote controlled robot, surgeons are able to conduct long-distance operations on patients miles away.
Over the past decade advances in telemedicine have helped bring state-of-the-art medicine to many
rural areas around the world. This allows doctors to diagnose and monitor patients via a video screen,
giving the doctors access to data like blood pressure and oxygen levels. The first remote robotic operation
was conducted in 1996. A patient in Holland received a hernia operation from a doctor 120 miles away. With the
new robotic technology, doctors are predicting that surgery may one-day be conducted millions of miles through
space! Right now the most expensive cost of long distance surgery is the phone bill. For example, a three-hour
surgery conducted in Austria in 1996 cost $3,500 in phone charges. Needing two doctors, one at each end of the
phone line, is another large cost. If you were the one needing the surgery, you would no doubt be willing to
pay the long distance charges!
Cümle doğru ise TRUE yanlış ise FALSE yazınız.
1) _____ Digital technology has made it impossible to receive data in an instant.

2) _____ The first remote robotic operation was conducted in 1996.
3) _____ Real-time transmission of audio and video is now being applied to
telemedicine.
4) _____ Doctors are predicting that surgery will never be an option in space.
5) ____ The most expensive cost of long-distance surgery is the phone bill.
6) ____ A three-hour surgery in Austria cost $1 million.
VOCABULARY CORNER
Kelimeleri açıklamalarıyla eşleştiriniz.
a) wounded c) transmit e) rural

b) data d) predicting f) conducted
1) _____ in the country rather than the city
2) _____ carried out or performed a task
3) _____ to broadcast or send a message
4) _____ guessing or forecasting
5) _____ injured or hurt
6) _____ facts or information
LONG-DISTANCE SURGERY- COMPREHENSION CORNER

1) F Digital technology has made it possible to transmit and receive data in an instant.
2) T
3) T
4) F Doctors are predicting that surgery may one-day be conducted millions of miles through space.
5) T
6) F A three-hour surgery conducted in Austria in 1996 cost $3,500 in phone charges.
LONG-DISTANCE SURGERY – VOCABULARY CORNER
1) e
2) f
3) c
4) d
5) a
6) b
BIO-FUELS
A hurricane smashes into the southern United States. It causes massive damage to coastal cities. Petroleum
production in the area grinds to a halt as companies assess damage to their plants and oil platforms. The flow of
gasoline to the rest of the United States is quickly reduced. Suddenly demand is greater than supply. At the same
time, oil producing nations in the Middle East increase their price for a barrel of oil. Gasoline prices climb to record
highs. The entire U.S. economy begins to feel the effects. Interest rates rise. Unemployment increases. The United
States consumes more oil than any nation on earth. Fear of an oil shortage usually sparks interest in finding ways
to end the country's reliance on oil. Alternatives such as electric cars or hydrogen fuel cells are most often
considered. Often overlooked in the search for new energy sources are bio-fuels. Bio-fuels are made from
biological ingredients rather than fossil fuels. These ingredients could include anything from corn and soybeans to
animal fats or vegetable oil. The idea to manufacture bio-fuels is not a new one. In 1900, for example, Rudolph
Diesel demonstrated an engine that used peanut oil as a fuel source. American inventor Henry Ford had originally
expected his famous Model T automobile to run on ethanol, a fuel made from corn. And during the 1930s and
1940s vegetable oils were also used for diesel fuel. Despite these alternatives oil became the primary fuel source
for most of the world. Biodiesel is one fuel alternative being considered for mass production. Most biodiesel in the
U.S. is made from soybean oil, which is a major domestic crop. Biodiesel has many advantages over petroleum as
a fuel source. It is an environmentally friendly fuel. Using it actually helps lubricate the engine and decrease
engine wear while driving. It can also be used in almost any diesel engine and is safer than conventional diesel.
With demands for petroleum increasing and world supplies decreasing, renewable bio-fuels such as bio-diesel
could be a major energy source in the future.
SENTENCE COMPLETION
1) ___ Flooding causes massive damage a) is not a new one.
2) ___ The United States consumes more b) is made from soybean oil.
3) ___ The idea to manufacture bio-fuels c) to coastal cities along the gulf.
4) ___ Most biodiesel in the U.S. d) to run on ethanol.
5) ___ Henry Ford expected his Model T e) oil than any nation on earth.
VOCABULARY CORNER
1) massive tiny (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)

2) climb rise (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)
3) shortage scarcity (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)
4) helps hinders (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)
5) major minor (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)
BIO-FUELS – SENTENCE COMPLETION

1) c
2) e
3) a
4) b
5) d
BIO-FUELS – VOCABULARY CORNER
1) zıt anlamlı
2) eş anlamlı
3) eş anlamlı
4) zıt anlamlı
5) zıt anlamlı
IDENTITY THEFT
How can you become the victim of a crime without knowing you have? How can you get robbed without coming
face to face with a robber? How can someone gain control of your credit cards or your bank account without your
permission? The answer is simple. You become a victim of identity theft. No one can actually steal your identity.
But they can steal all your important personal information. Identity theft happens any time someone uses your
personal information without your knowledge. Identity theft is usually done to commit a crime. How huge is
this problem? Identity theft is now the number one complaint made by U.S. consumers. The U.S. Federal Trade
Commission reports there are as many as 700,000 to 1 million new victims of identity theft each year. And the
number continues to grow! There are many ways to become a victim of identity theft. Having your wallet or your
purse stolen is one of the quickest ways. Thieves promptly gain access to your driver’s license, your credit cards
and your address. Some thieves’ trick is to break into private mailboxes to steal bank statements, tax information
and credit card applications. They can then use your personal information to fill out forms in your name. Thieves
will often fill out a "change of address" form to get someone's mail sent to a new address. Spyware on your
computer is another method thieves use to gain access to your personal information. The most valuable
information to steal is your birth date, your address and your Social Security number. With those three pieces of
information, thieves can obtain a driver's license, credit card, bank account or even a passport in your name. The
goal of most thieves is to use your identity to make major purchases of furniture, electronic equipment, cars and
even houses. Others get married using false names. Some criminals use their new identity to hide from police and
avoid getting arrested for past crimes. Victims of identity theft suffer more than financial losses. According to
statistics, victims are also robbed of their time. It takes nearly 175 hours after becoming a victim of identity theft
to clear your name with creditors.
Doğru şıkkı işaretleyiniz.
1) If your identify is stolen
a) you simply have to get a new one.

b) purchases will be made using your name.
c) it becomes hard to get a license.
d) other consumers will understand.
2) The Federal Trade Commission receives
a) from 700,000 to 1 million complaints yearly.

b) credit cards from consumers.
c) all mail from victims of theft.
d) applications for new identities.
3) Thieves can steal mail, bank statements and tax information by
a) calling the tax office.

b) breaking into your bank.
c) breaking into a mailbox.
d) posing as a tax collector.
4) Your birth date, your address and your Social Security number
a) can be found on your driver's license.

b) are the 3 most important things to steal.
c) are usually the same numbers.
d) are given to you at birth.
IDENTITY THEFT- COMPREHENSION CHECK
1) b
2) a
3) c
4) b
CLONING
Dolly the sheep died on February 14th, 2003. While most sheep live to age 11 or 12, Dolly was just six when she
died. Prior to her death, Dolly had been suffering from arthritis and lung cancer. Scientists decided to end her
suffering by giving her a lethal injection. Dolly’s death was reported around the world. The event would have gone
unnoticed except for one important fact: Dolly was the first mammal to be created through "cloning." "Cloning" is
simply a scientific way of creating something new. Scientists have been studying cloning methods for years. In
1952, the first animal, a tadpole, was cloned. Over the years since Dolly was cloned researchers have cloned other
animals including goats, cows, mice, pigs, cats and rabbits. Many people think cloning is a process used only to
make exact copies of biological material. That is somewhat true. However, cloning technologies can be used for
other purposes besides making genetic "twins" of living things. Dolly was created using reproductive cloning
technology. Reproductive cloning is used to create an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another. DNA is
the genetic material that makes up living things. To start the process of reproductive cloning scientists take DNA
from a donor adult cell and put it in an egg containing no genetic material. The egg is treated with chemicals or
electric current to encourage growth. When the egg reaches the proper stage it is placed into a female host. Here
it continues to develop until birth. Animals created this way are not identical clones of the donor. Only the DNA is
the same. Dolly's birth raised concerns that scientists would soon begin cloning humans. Many religious groups
and other organizations quickly demanded a ban on human cloning. They argued cloning technology was not
advanced enough to ensure the safety of human clones. They questioned the effects cloning would have on a
human's long-term mental development. Many scientists and physicians also believed it was simply wrong to try
and clone humans. Those in favor of the technology argue that cloning could be used to generate human tissue
and organs. This could help increase the number of organs available to patients waiting for life-saving organ
transplants. It could also help save the lives of accident and burn victims. No matter how fast the technology
improves the debate over cloning will continue well into the future.
1) _____ Dolly was born on February 14th 2003.

2) _____ The first animal was cloned in 1952.
3) _____ DNA is the end result of cloning eggs.
4) _____ The egg is treated with chemicals or electric current to encourage growth.
5) ____ Religious groups were quick to give their approval for cloning.
6) ____ Cloning could be used to generate human tissue and organs.
VOCABULARY CORNER
Zıt anlamlı kelimeleri eşleştiriniz.
1) died a) originals
2) created b) worsens
3) copies c) answered
4) raised d) lived
5) improves e) lowered
6) questioned f) destroyed
CLONING- COMPREHENSION CORNER

1) F
2) T
3) F
4) T
5) F
6) T
CLONING- VOCABULARY CORNER
1) d
2) f
3) a
4) e
5) b
6) c
DIET FADS
Could your body stand to lose a few pounds? Then follow these easy directions. Eat red meat. Don't eat any meat.
Eat lots of carbohydrates (carbs). Don't eat any carbs. Avoid fat. Eat all the fat you want. Drink fruit juices. Stay
clear of fruits of all kinds. Are you confused? If so, you are like millions of other people confused by diet fads.
Americans spend billions of dollars each year trying to lose weight. A great deal of the money is spent on diet
plans. It seems everyone from small town doctors to international celebrities has a diet plan they feel can help
Americans get thin. Every week newspapers, magazines and television shows promote the latest diet fad. Most
promise amazing results with little or no effort. Others claim to be able to trim the fat with the help of amazing
fat-reduction pills, rub-on creams or specialty drinks. The truth is most of these fad diets are a waste of time. The
latest American health studies show that within eighteen months 90 percent of fad dieters regain all the weight
they had lost. Many gain back even more pounds and get heavier! The only thing most dieters manage to
lose permanently is the money they spent on their diet. Fad diets do give people hope that they can lose weight.
One of the most successful fad diets in recent years was designed by Dr. Atkins. To deliver energy the human
body burns carbohydrates first and fat second. The Atkins diet recommends limiting the intake of starchy,
high carb foods so that the body starts burning the fat first. That means eating high-protein foods like meat,
cheese and eggs instead of bread, potatoes and processed flours. Unfortunately, studies show high protein diets
can lead to increased risk of heart disease, colon cancer and other side effects. Clearly, the Atkins diet is not
suitable for everyone. Thankfully there is no shortage of diet options. For example, The Zone Diet recommends a
balanced diet of 40 percent carbohydrates, 30 percent protein and 30 percent fat. The Blood Group Diet suggests
finding out your blood type to determine which nutrients your body can absorb quickest. The Ashram Diet
combines a low calorie diet with a high-level exercise program. Companies like Weight Watchers and Jenny Craig
also offer custom-designed diet programs to both men and women. Ultimately, eating right and exercising are
the best start!
SENTENCE COMPLETION
1) ___ Millions of people a) promotes the latest diet fads.

2) ___ Every week the media b) cutting out high-carb foods.
3) ___ Most dieters manage to lose c) are confused by diet fads.
4) ___ The Atkins diet recommends d) only their money.
5) ___ Eating right and exercising e) are the best start.
VOCABULARY CORNER
1) easy difficult (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)

2) regain lose (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)
3) permanently temporarily (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)
4) increased enlarged (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)
5) strictly rigidly (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)
DIET FADS- SENTENCE COMPLETION

1) c
2) a
3) d
4) b
5) e
DIET FADS- VOCABULARY CORNER
1) zıt anlamlı
2) zıt anlamlı
3) zıt anlamlı
4) eş anlamlı
5) eş anlamlı
AROMATHERAPY
Has the scent of freshly brewed coffee ever made you feel more awake? Does the aroma of warm apple pie bring
back memories of your mother's home cooking? Does soaking in a hot bath with lavender oil leave you relaxed
and ready for a nap? If so, then you already understand the basic principles of aromatherapy. Research shows
that smell is the most responsive of all human senses. It also has a powerful influence on our bodies and minds.
Recognizing a scent can trigger strong memories in the brain. Some scents can also cause extreme reactions in
the body. Anyone who has every smelled a skunk can understand the full power smell has! Aromatherapy takes
advantage of that powerful sense of smell to help nurture and heal our bodies. Essential oils are the main tools
used by aroma therapists. These are pure oils extracted from plants, trees and herbs. For thousands of years
humans have used aromatic plant oils to treat a variety of conditions. Today's aroma therapists use over 40
different essential oils to treat patients. Reducing stress and stress-related ailments is one of the most common
goals of aroma therapists. Essential oils can be mixed and applied to the skin during a massage. They can be
inhaled. They can be added to bathwater. They can even be burned in the form of scented incense. How exactly
does scent work to improve wellness? The scents from essential oils are believed to activate nerve cells in the
nasal cavity. These send impulses to an area of the brain associated with emotions and memory. Aromatic oils can
then work both emotionally and physically. Emotionally, they may make you feel better by stirring up pleasant
memories. Physically, they may help to relieve certain conditions by stimulating the immune, circulatory, or
nervous systems. Aromatherapy rarely replaces regular medical treatment. But it can be a useful addition to many
treatment plans. The key to successful treatment is working with your therapist. Certain oils can have a negative
effect on the body. It is recommended that a doctor be consulted before beginning any aromatherapy treatment
program.
1) The scent of freshly brewed coffee might leave you feeling

a) Sick to your stomach.
b) Hungry.
c) More awake.
2) Recognizing a scent can trigger

a) Strong memories in the brain.
b) Severe fits of sneezing.
c) A strange feeling in your hands.
3) Essential oils can be

a) Served as a meal or a snack.
b) Inhaled or added to bathwater.
c) Found in most fruit juices.
VOCABULARY CORNER
1) scent a) harmful
2) relaxed b) health
3) essential c) vital
4) wellness d) calm
5) negative e) smell
AROMATHERAPY-COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) c
2) a
3) b
4) c
AROMATHERAPY-VOCABULARY CORNER
1) e
2) d
3) c
4) b
5) a
TRANS FAT
Donut anyone? Gone are the days when we can naively enjoy some of our favorite foods! Many pre-packaged
products in our grocery stores and our favorite restaurant menu items are laden with something known as trans
fat. What is trans fat? It is vegetable oil that has been treated with hydrogen in order to make it more solid and
give it a longer shelf life. Trans fat is formed when vegetable oils are hardened into margarine or shortening.
It is found in many foods including fried foods such as French fries and fried chicken, crackers, pastries, donuts
and cookies. Some foods, like fried food and baked goods, are obvious sources of trans fat. However, other
processed foods such as waffles and cereals can also contain trans fat. In grocery stores consumers must read
package labels scanning for ingredients like shortening, hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated oil. Research is
now showing that trans fat can clog arteries and may lead to premature heart attacks, coronary heart disease and
other health problems. The use of trans fat is also contributing to the prevalence of obesity in our society.
Actually, concerns regarding the harmful effects of trans fat on our health have prompted governments in the
United States and Canada to require food makers to list the amount of harmful trans fat in their products. These
new nutrition labels will be in effect by the beginning of 2006. One hallmark of trans-fat-free foods is that they
have an expiry date. Foods without trans fat will eventually go bad and will not last on grocery store shelves for
more than a few months. Snacks such as fresh fruits and vegetables are both delicious and nutritious. Trans fat
does not have to be in our diets and there are healthier ways to fuel our bodies and feed our children. We just
have to look a little harder to find foods that do not contain trans fat and other unhealthy ingredients. There are
plenty of healthy alternatives to trans fat laden foods, and many of them actually taste good!
1) _____ Hydrogen is the only ingredient in trans fat.

2) _____ Trans fat can be found in French fries, fried chicken and donuts.
3) _____ Research shows that trans fats can clog arteries.
4) _____ Fresh vegetables are a primary source of trans fats.
5) _____ Trans fats can contribute to obesity in humans.
6) _____ New nutrition labels will be in use by 2006.
VOCABULARY CORNER
Kelimeleri açıklamalarıyla eşleştiriniz.
a) products c) obvious e) premature
b) prompted d) nutrition f) alternatives
1) _____ relating to good health and nourishment

2) _____ happening early or before the planned time
3) _____ goods that are made and sold
4) _____ encouraged or provoked into action
5) _____ other choices
6) _____ something that is clear or evident
TRANS FAT- COMPREHENSION CORNER

1) F
2) T
3) T
4) F
5) T
6) T
TRANS FAT- VOCABULARY CORNER
1) d
2) e
3) a
4) b
5) f
6) c
GLOBAL WARMING
Since the 1980s global temperatures have been rising at what many scientists feel are alarming rates. If
temperatures continue to rise as they have been, scientists predict several types of environmental disturbances.
The most commonly known theory of global warming is the greenhouse effect. Greenhouses are made of glass;
this lets in the sunlight all the time. The sunlight warms up all the plants and equipment in the greenhouse. The
plants and other objects then give off heat but the glass walls of the greenhouse do not let the heat escape--
it stays inside. Without proper ventilation the temperature in the greenhouse would soar to unbearable
heights and kill all the plants. Another example of this effect is when a car is parked in the sunlight with all its
windows rolled up. The earth can sustain life because the planet’s atmosphere works like a well-ventilated
greenhouse. In fact, the average temperature on the planet is 60 degrees Fahrenheit (16 degrees Celsius). The
problem is that the ventilation system that keeps the planet at the right temperature is getting clogged. Carbon
dioxide produced by industry, agriculture and transportation are trapping more and more of the sun’s heat inside
the atmosphere. Like a closed-up greenhouse or a locked-up car, the thickening, harmful gases on the earth’s
lower atmosphere act in the same way. This has resulted in a slow but steady rise in global temperatures, which
some scientists predict will cause the global average temperature to rise as much as 9 degrees Fahrenheit (5
degrees Celsius) before the year 2100. If the carbon dioxide cover around the earth continues to build up, the
earth could someday be similar to the planet Venus. Venus is a planet (otherwise very similar to ours) that
has a highly advanced greenhouse effect. It has a thick carbon dioxide atmospheric cover that traps the sun’s
heat and makes the surface of Venus hot enough to melt lead. But the earth is a long way from that kind of
scenario right now. Still, the planet faces risks from rising global temperatures that could be catastrophic.
Droughts, more frequent tropical storms and extinction of some species could result from global warming. This
would seriously disrupt our planet’s food production. And hotter weather in the northern and southern arctic
regions could result in the melting of polar ice caps, which would cause coastal flooding in ocean bordering
countries. Some scientists are hopeful that nature itself will help reduce the greenhouse effect. One way nature
could accomplish this would be by increased cloud cover. More clouds would absorb more heat and therefore
lower temperatures. Another thing in nature that could help is plankton, which is a living organism found in
oceans. Plankton naturally absorbs carbon dioxide, thus reducing the greenhouse effect. In 1990 a panel of 170
scientists from around the world released a report warning that the greenhouse effect would continue to increase
noticeably unless something was done. In 2005, the Kyoto Protocol, which is an amendment to a clean air treaty
signed in 1992, came into effect. Over 160 nations have signed and agreed to reduce air pollution.
1) Industry, agriculture and transportation...
a) are largely responsible for plankton levels in our oceans.
b) are largely responsible for the studies done on global warming.
c) have responded favorably to new pollution laws.
d) are at least partly responsible for rising temperatures.
2) The example of Venus is important because...
a) it shows what is happening on earth right now.
b) it shows what has happened on earth in the past.
c) it shows what will happen to the earth in future.
d) it shows what might happen to the earth in the future.
1) ----Since the 1980s scientists have been alarmed by rising global temperatures.
2) ----You could say that the earth is exactly like the car parked in the sun, with all
the windows rolled up.
3)---- Before the year 2100, temperatures on earth are predicted to be up to 20
degrees Fahrenheit (about 10 degrees Celsius) higher than now.
4)---- Increased cloud cover is part of the greenhouse effect, making the temperature
on earth rise.
GLOBAL WARMING- COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) d
2) d
GLOBAL WARMING- COMPREHENSION CORNER

1) T
2) F
3) F
4) F
STEM CELLS
Wouldn't it be great if doctors could replace worn out cells in your body with new ones? Imagine you had problems
with your heart or your brain or your spinal chord. What if scientists could grow tissue to specifically fill your
needs? Need new heart tissue? The scientists grow it. Have a brain illness like Parkinson's disease? Scientists
grow replacement brain tissue for you. This is the promise of stem cells and research into using stem cells to cure
damaged or diseased organs and tissues. What is a stem cell? The simplest way to put it is a stem cell is a human
cell that has yet to make up its mind to which part of the body it belongs. The cells have yet to become
specialized. Through stem cell research, scientists are trying to discover ways to make these but they believe in
the future they will find a way. The time may not be too far distant that stem cells are taken from a baby's
umbilical cord and kept to use to treat illnesses the baby may have later in its life. Surprisingly, stem cells do exist
in adults. Most of the cells in an adult are already part of an organ or a nerve or some other part of the body, but
a few uncommitted stem cells are present...very few. In fact, in an adult, stem cells are difficult for scientists to
find because there are such a small number of them. Another dilemma for scientists is that adult stem cells are
difficult to grow. As with stem cell research with embryos, scientists still need to find the answer how to control
what an adult stem cell grows into. Researchers hope that someday stem cells can be taken directly from a sick
adult person and grown into the tissue that person needs to help them recover. Stem cell cloning involves taking a
cell from the person being treated and cloning a human embryo with the same genetic information as the patient.
The embryo is a clone of the person. However, the embryo will not live long. It will have its stem cells harvested
and be destroyed. In this case, scientists are only interested in growing stem cells. Like with embryonic and adult
stem cell research, scientists are still looking for answers how to control the stem cells. If and when scientists find
the answer to this problem, the tissue will be a perfect match with the DNA of the patient. Many people are
opposed to stem cell research. Their opposition can be on moral, ethical or religious grounds. Some people are
opposed to the cloning involved in stem cell cloning, and what about killing the cloned embryos? And what about
the embryos used in embryonic stem cell research? Of course the other side of the argument is that a
breakthrough using stem cells could change medicine forever and offer humans cures for many of the physical
ills that strike us.
1) The biggest question regarding stem cell research seems to be,...
a) are scientists going to be able to someday control what the stem cells do?
b) are people opposed to stem cell research going to change their point of view?
c) are scientists going to discover something more important than stem cell
research?
d) is stem cell research really going to be able to help people with Parkinson’s
disease?
2) Stem cell research...
a) may someday be an everyday part of medicine.
b) will cure everything.
c) is better for children.
d) will work within ten years.
1) -----There are more stem cells in adults than there are in embryos.
2) -----The time may not be too far distant that stem cells are taken from a baby's
umbilical cord and kept to use later.
3) ------Scientists know how to control stem cells they get through cloning.
4) ------A breakthrough using stem cells would have no impact on medicine..
STEM CELLS- COMPREHENSION CORNER

1) a
2) a
STEM CELLS – COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) F
2) T
3) F
4) F
KILLER BEE
A killer bee looks almost exactly the same as any other honeybee. Actually, entomologists, scientists who study
insects, call them African bees. The term killer bees became popular because of a Hollywood movie, The
Swarm, and because of a few instances where people were actually killed by swarming African bees. Everyone has
heard about how ferocious killer bees are. Killer bees arrived in the United States in 1990. African bees are different from
most other bees because of the climate in Africa. With no prolonged cold season, African bees need not worry about
collecting supplies for winter; therefore, they build smaller nests. Because they build smaller nests, overcrowding
becomes a problem. At such times, some of the bees leave to form a new colony. New colonies are always forming and
migrating. When the bees move together like this, it is called swarming. African bees can swarm a few times a year,
while bees from more northern regions rarely do. Because it never gets cold, African bees can change nests if their food
supply becomes unsatisfactory or if they sense any danger to their nest. African bees are more hostile than other bees
because African bees have always built their nests out in the open, so they have been vulnerable to attack. African bees
are now instinctively fierce. If one bee senses danger, it can send a signal that will have thousands of bees ready to
attack in a matter of seconds. Swarming killer bees have been credited with killing an animal as large as a horse, and one
man who was killed is said to have had suffered over eight thousand stings. African bees were introduced to the
Americas in Brazil in 1956. They were imported into Brazil as an experiment to help boost national honey production. The
experiments were supposed to be held under the strictest of conditions to prevent any queen bees from escaping. The
scientists thought it could never happen, but it did. A queen and her followers escaped. Killer bees were loose in Brazil.
And it did not take long for African bees to take root in Brazil. The newcomers felt right at home. New colonies spread
quickly as the bees reproduced and swarmed. African male bees mated with local queen bees, and their offspring were
aggressive like their fathers. African bees attacked nests, killed other bees and stole honey. Word of attacks on people by
hundreds of bees were reported by the media, and news of the killer bees spread, as did the bees. By the early 1980s
they had reached Panama and by the mid-1980s they had reached Mexico. The killer bees arrived in Texas, U.S.A. in
1990. Today African bees have been spotted in all the most southern states. So far it remains to be seen how far north
the bees will be able to go and to survive. Some scientists think killer bees will be confined to the lower states where it
remains relatively warm all year, while other scientists think the bees will make it all the way to Canada. Time will tell.
One thing must be understood about killer bees: they do not attack without a reason. If you live in an area where killer
bees are known to exist, be cautious around all bees. Do not disturb any bees’ nest. If you live in an area where killer
bees do not currently exist, be happy for now, because they may be arriving soon.
1) African bees were brought to Brazil to...
a) help honey farmers.
b) replace the existing bee population.
c) introduce beekeeping and making honey as a new industry there.
d) mate with the local bee population to produce more aggressive offspring.
2) We can conclude that the spread of killer bees...
a) is guaranteed to remain only in the southern states.
b) could go as far north as Canada; nobody knows.
c) is not important.
d) has been determined exactly.
1----- It is only since being imported to the Americas that African bees have begun
building their nests out in the open.
2) -----The African bees had problems adjusting to life in Brazil.
3) ------The media spread the killer bees.
4) ------Killer bees do not attack without a reason.
KILLER BEE- COMPREHENSION CORNER

1) a
2) b
KILLER BEE- COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) F
2) F
3) F
4) T
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of intellectual deterioration in middle-aged and elderly North
Americans, affecting more than two and one-quarter million men and women over the age of 65. The usual symptoms of
AD are memory loss and a progressive loss of mental faculties. Presently, there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease. The
human brain is a complex organ that acts like a main control room for the rest of the body. It gathers information,
controls body movements, and activates emotions and thoughts. The brain does this by using a chemical called
acetylcholine to send signals to and from brain cells. Alzheimer’s disease causes a breakdown in the neurons of brain
cells by creating a shortage of acetylcholine. Once a person is affected by Alzheimer’s, it becomes more difficult for the
brain to perform its main functions. These changes in the brain are so intense and crippling that a person diagnosed with
Alzheimer’s disease usually dies within 10 years. For a long time the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (memory loss,
slurred speech, and confusion) were thought to be the natural side effects of getting old. AD went unrecognized because
victims often seemed physically healthy; it was just their memory and general mental performance that were affected. In
1906, Alois Alzheimer, a German neuropathologist, discovered two abnormalities in the brain of a fifty-six year old
woman who died of severe mental problems. For a long time Alzheimer’s discovery was overlooked because doctors of
that era (and for many years afterwards) thought these irregularities were only the normal consequences of human
aging. In the mid-1980s Alzheimer’s theories were re-examined and AD came to be recognized as the most common
cause of mental decay in the elderly. In fact, the many problems related to AD are considered so great that Alzheimer’s
disease has been called “the disease of the 20th century” by doctor and author Lewis Thomas. Although the cause of
Alzheimer’s disease is still unknown, two risk factors have been identified: advanced age and genetic history. The risk of
developing AD is less than one percent before the age of 50, but the risk increases as a person gets older. If a person
reaches age 90, they have a 30 percent chance of developing Alzheimer’s disease. In families that already have a
member with Alzheimer’s disease, relatives have a 50 percent chance of developing AD because the tendency is passed
on as a genetic trait. Recent research has discovered a consistent abnormal gene site on chromosome 21 of people
affected with Alzheimer’s disease. Scientists are hopeful that this finding is a step in the direction of a cure. Because the
exact cause of Alzheimer’s disease has not yet been determined, an effective treatment or a cure is still not available.
Present treatments include drugs to relieve patients’ symptoms. Support groups and counseling are also available for
families living with AD. Scientists and medical researchers are optimistic that the same medical advances that are now
extending life for everyone will soon help eliminate Alzheimer’s disease as well.
1) It seems that knowing about Alzheimer’s disease may help everyone...
a) look after young children better.
b) provide better care for people under 50.
c) meet the medical requirements of families.
d) understand the needs of old people.
2) Medical treatment for Alzheimer’s disease...
a) is only useful if the disease is detected early.
b) is only effective for some people.
c) is still experimental.
d) has finally eliminated this terrible illness.
1)------ The original discovery of AD was not properly understood because doctors just
thought it was normal for old people to have mental problems.
2)----- A good diet and lots of exercise will reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
3)------ Alzheimer’s disease was called “the disease of the 20th century” because it was
first discovered early in this century.
4)------ Doctors hope to find a clue that may help explain this disease.
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE-COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) d
2) c
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE-COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) T
2) F
3) F
4) F
INTERNET
The Internet is a worldwide network of computers. In fact, the Internet is made up of thousands of networks of
computers that have the ability to exchange information. Other names you may have heard for the Internet are
Cyberspace and the Information Superhighway. Here are a few things you might like to know before you go
“surfing” the Internet. The Internet started as a test program by the United States Defense Department. This was in
1969. The military wanted to design a computer network where there was no one main computer, and where every
computer in the system could “talk” with every other computer. That way, in case part of the network was destroyed by
an enemy attack, communications would still be possible because the surviving network would still function. By the mid-
1980s, almost 1,000 similar networks had been established. Networks were set up by governments, libraries, businesses
and individuals. As more people realized the usefulness of being on the Internet, more and more users came online. By
the early 2000s the number of networks is closer to 100,000 and over one billion people are now connected to the
Internet. These numbers continue to grow at a staggering rate. You can find almost anything imaginable on the Internet.
You can get information from some of the biggest libraries in the world. You can check out how your favorite sports team
is doing. You can buy all sorts of things, if you go online shopping. You can “download” (electronically copy) data and
software from the Internet. You can listen to radio stations that broadcast over the Internet. You can send electronic
mail, also called e-mail. You can spend hours visiting countless interesting web pages on the World Wide Web.
To get connected to the Internet you need the following equipment: a computer, a modem, and the special software it
takes to use the Internet. You must also pay a company, called a service provider, for access to the Internet, usually
through a phone line or through a cable television hook-up. E-mail is the most popular part of the Internet, probably
because users can avoid most long distance telephone charges by using e-mail rather than talking. With e-mail it takes
seconds to send a message anywhere in the world. If you are not home to receive an e-mail message, your service
provider will keep it for you until you retrieve it. There is easy to use software to send and receive e-mail messages, and
you have a unique e-mail address to identify your mailbox. The World Wide Web (WWW) is one particular system on the
Internet. Vast amounts of information are available on the WWW. The documents inside the WWW are called Web pages.
Web pages are stored at places called Web sites, which can be a company, or a university or any agency that stores
Web pages. When you explore the WWW you use a special program called a Web browser. All Web pages have a unique
address known as the Uniform Resource Locator, or URL. By allowing the nearly instantaneous transfer of information to
almost anywhere on the planet, the Internet has helped to bring neighbors in the global village even closer together.
1) The number of Internet users is growing quickly because...

a) service providers have lowered their prices.
b) people are realizing that the Internet has a lot to offer.
c) using the Internet is a trend that is going to end quickly.
d) people want to find out what the U.S. Defense Department is doing.
2) To use the Internet and its features, it seems you need...
a) fast hardware.
b) special software.
c) to understand how to “download” data.
d) friends in other parts of the world.
1)----- The military wanted to design a computer network where one main computer
controlled all information exchanges.
2)------ In recent years, the number of new users going online has slowed considerably.
3)------ You must pay a service provider to get access to the Internet.
4)------ All e-mail mailboxes have a Uniform Resource Locator.
INTERNET- COMPREHENSION CORNER

1) F The military wanted to design a computer network where there was not one main
computer that controlled all information exchanges.
2) F In recent years, the number of new users going online has continued to rise at a staggering rate.
3) T
4) F An e-mail mailbox has an address, but it is a Web page that has a Uniform Resource
Locator.
INTERNET- COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) b
2) b
ACUPUNCTURE
More than 2,000 years ago Chinese physicians discovered they could use needles to treat patients. Thin solid needles are
inserted into the body at carefully chosen sites. This practice has long been an important part of ancient Chinese
medicine; today acupuncture has earned the respect of doctors in both the East and the West. Ancient Chinese doctors
had a well-developed theory of human anatomy. The earliest Chinese anatomical drawing is in a book dating back to the
11th century. This diagram indicates various places where needles can be inserted: acupuncture points. Acupuncturists
know which sites on the body are appropriate for the treatment of particular health problems. According to traditional
Chinese acupuncture, our health depends on a good balance of energy circulating in the body. In this view, the human
body has a system of pathways through which vital energy flows. If there are blockages along a pathway, or if there is an
excess of energy in any one place, the body will experience discomfort or illness. Acupuncture needles are inserted to
make the energy flow smoothly again or to reduce pressure. Originally, acupuncture was used only to treat various
health problems by restoring a natural flow of energy in the body. In 1966, however, surgeons in China found that they
could also employ the technique to prevent pain during operations. Such an anesthetic use of acupuncture was actually
the reverse of the usual approach. Instead of restoring natural body functions, its goal was to upset the body's normal
sensation of pain. Nonetheless, the procedure was very effective and at present about a third of all surgery in China is
carried out this way. Western interest in acupuncture rose quickly in the 1970s, after its anesthetic potential became
known. From that time on, much research has been carried out in the West as well as the East. In North America, this
form of treatment is now used mainly for medical conditions where pain relief is valuable: for example, arthritis,
backache or chronic headache. But the modern scientific understanding of acupuncture does not support the old
theory of energy levels and pathways. Rather, researchers are studying the possibility that acupuncture may either
affect the nervous system, or else perhaps stimulate the release of pain-killing chemicals inside the body. Acupuncture
clinics, where therapy is administered by qualified medical practitioners, are now located in most cities of the world. Such
treatment is recognized as an effective short-term treatment for various forms of chronic pain. In China, acupuncture
anesthesia is also used during many different kinds of medical operations, including major surgery on the brain, the
kidneys, the heart, and the lungs. No doubt the most remarkable quality of acupuncture, as used today, is its
capacity to prevent pain without using drugs. Avoiding drugs means avoiding unpleasant side effects. Moreover, there is
an opportunity for reduced danger to patients. Ordinary anesthesia can actually cause death in about one in 3,000
cases; acupuncture anesthesia does not have this risk. It is interesting to note that, throughout its long history, the key
principle in acupuncture has been the treatment of the human body through its own resources, without introducing
unnatural chemicals. In fact, this approach is sometimes even used in the treatment of drug addiction!
1) Western scientists seem to be coming up with a new explanation of how
acupuncture works. This may prove that ancient Chinese doctors...
a) should not have been using acupuncture.
b) were ahead of their time.
c) may have been using acupuncture successfully without understanding how it
really works.
d) understood everything about acupuncture.
2) An acupuncture treatment must be given by a trained acupuncture practitioner
because...
a) you may be allergic to the drugs a doctor might prescribe.
b) regular doctors do not believe in acupuncture.
c) the needles must be inserted in the right spot to treat each illness.
d) you obviously have a blockage in a pathway.
1) Thin solid needles are inserted into the body at carefully chosen sites.
2) Acupuncture was used only to treat various health problems by causing
blockages along a pathway.
3) In China, acupuncture anesthesia is no longer used during medical operations.
4) The key principle in acupuncture has been the treatment of the human body by
using unnatural chemicals.
ACUPUNCTURE- COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) T
2) F
3) F
4) F
ACUPUNCTURE- COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) c
2) c
EARTHQUAKES
Although earthquakes have the reputation of being very destructive, which can be true, they are in fact commonplace
events. Earthquakes are usually the result of pressure that builds up below the earth’s surface due to the slow but
continual movement of the earth’s crust. When the pressure gets too great, the great rock masses beneath the earth’s
surface slip and slide causing the ground above to shake. Close to 6,000 earthquakes are recorded throughout the world
in an average year. Of these, almost 5,500 involve earthquake shock waves that are too small to be felt. Around 450 are
felt but cause no damage, and around 35 cause minor damage from rock slides and avalanches. It is the remaining 15
earthquakes per year that cause major damage and often result in people losing their lives. Probably the most famous
earthquake in history was the 1906 San Francisco earthquake in California. That tremor caused the destruction of 521
blocks in the city center and also started an uncontrollable fire that lasted for three days. In 1923, approximately
143,000 people died in the biggest earthquake that Tokyo, Japan ever experienced. The earth’s crust is divided into 15
rigid layers called plates. These plates move independently of each other and are continually either colliding or
sliding past one another. The Pacific Plate is the largest in the world, stretching some 24,000 miles around the rim of the
Pacific Ocean. This plate crosses over the North American Plate in a well-known area called the San Andreas fault.
This famous fault line is visible above ground as a continuous fracture for over 600 miles. It stretches from San Diego, a
large city in southern California, to the small town of Point Arena on the northern California coast. The disastrous San
Francisco earthquake of 1906 happened on this fault line and it is feared that another major earthquake will destroy one
of the big cities in California that are built along the San Andreas fault. Most earthquakes can only be detected by
sensitive instruments called seismographs. There are various types of seismographs that measure earthquakes
differently, but the one we hear the most about is the Richter Magnitude Scale. The Richter Scale grades earthquakes on
a 1-to-10 scale and is based on the amount of energy released by the rock movements. For instance, the 1995
earthquake in Kobe, Japan that killed nearly 5,500 people and left hundreds of thousands homeless registered 6.9 on the
Richter Scale. The best protection against a large, destructive earthquake is early prediction of its location, time and
strength. Scientists use the information they have gathered from earthquake observatories and past records of
earthquakes to anticipate where a large earthquake will occur. One theory is that areas along a fault line where there
has not been a recent earthquake are most likely to release built-up pressures. Another effective method of reducing
the destructiveness of earthquakes is to design and build structures that will survive strong tremors. Several nations,
including Japan and the United States, have created strict building codes that are legally enforced in high-risk earthquake
areas. These building codes have had some success in reducing earthquake-related deaths and damage.
1) In view of how they seem to be caused, earthquakes should be...

a) easy to prevent.
b) quite hard to prevent.
c) very costly.
d) impossible to prevent.
2) The main reason why it is useful to know where and when a large earthquake is likely
to happen is that...
a) people will be able to resist the quake.
b) people will be able to move to other areas.
c) people will be able to make their homes stronger.
d) people will be able to stop the quake from happening.
1)------ Earthquakes are quite rare events.

2)------ The Kobe earthquake was the biggest ever known in Japan.
3)------ The San Andreas fault is more than 600 miles long.
4)------ The best protection against earthquakes is strong buildings that resist tremors.
EARTHQUAKES-COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) d
2) b
EARTHQUAKES-COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) F
2) F
3) T
4) F
LASERS
Laser is short for “light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.” Gordon Gould, a physicist, invented the laser in
1957 and the first working model was built by Theodore Maiman in 1960. It is safe to say that the laser’s inventors had
no idea how many uses there would be for their invention. The first laser worked like this: the opposite ends of a ruby
rod were polished shiny like a mirror. At one end of the rod there was a lens. The rod was full of atoms of gas. Then
light from a flashing lamp entered the ruby and caused the atoms to move more rapidly. The atoms interacted with the
light by bouncing light waves back and forth between the polished ends. The light bounced back and forth faster and
faster until it burst through the lens as laser light. Unlike the light waves of an ordinary light, which are all different,
those of a laser light are all the same wavelength. The light beam a laser produces can be focused down to a point as
precise as one ten-thousandth of an inch wide. The narrower a laser beam is made, the more powerful it becomes. When
used in this manner a laser beam can reach temperatures higher than 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit. And there are
lasers that can produce more than 100,000 watts of energy. Lasers have become an indispensible tool in the field of
medicine. Because lasers can apply energy quickly to very small areas, laser beams are used in delicate eye surgery. To
repair a detached retina, a beam of light is aimed through the pupil onto the damaged area. This action forms a tiny
scar that “welds” the retina back in place. All this can be done without making a cut in the patient’s eye. Lasers are used
in several other medical interventions as well. In the mid-1980s, US President Ronald Reagan supported the military
use of lasers. Reagan promoted the building of an outer space defense system using lasers. The media nicknamed it the
“Star Wars Defense” because it was supposed to be able to destroy dangerous satellites and nuclear missiles miles above
the earth in outer space. The program was eventually voted down by the U.S. Congress. Probably the most revolutionary
application of lasers so far is in the field of communications. The high frequency of concentrated laser light makes it
possible for a laser beam to carry a lot more information than radio waves or copper wire. A small number of laser beams
moving along tiny glass fibers can carry about 40,000 telephone calls at once. Today many telephone calls made across
oceans are carried by lasers. Cutting diamonds and other hard metals, playing compact discs, making holograms and
marking straight lines with accuracy are just a few of the other ways lasers are used. A beam of laser light was even sent
from earth all the way to the moon, where it bounced off a quartz reflector (left there by astronauts) and returned to
earth. Lasers are used for many more things as well, too numerous to mention. But the most amazing use of lasers
might only be discovered in the future. Scientists are currently trying to solve the world’s energy problems by doing
nuclear fusion experiments using lasers. It would not be surprising if lasers can do the job. Look how many other things
they can do!
1) Laser technology is especially fascinating because...

a) its inventors never knew lasers could do so much..
b) more people are able to have eye surgery.
c) lasers have so many uses.
d) lasers can reach such high temperatures.
2) The different present-day applications of the laser all seem to rely one way on another
on the basic fact that...
a) laser beams can be made to become narrow and strong.
b) laser beams can carry several messages at once.
c) laser beams begin in a ruby rod.
d) laser beams can be used in outer space.
1)------ The first actual laser device was produced in 1960.

2)------ The wider a laser beam is, the stronger it becomes.
3)------ The “Star Wars Defense” system is now in place.
4)------ Lasers have not yet been used for communications.
LASERS- COMPREHENSION CORNER

1) T
2) F
3) F
4) F
LASERS- COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) c
2) a
GENETIC ENGINEERING
Human beings have always attempted to improve on nature. For thousands of years, farmers have selectively bred the
best cows, pigs or sheep from their herds, in order to improve the quality of their animals. Likewise, important crops like
wheat, rice or corn have been improved by sowing seeds from the strongest or most productive plants. The world's food
supply depends on such successful genetic experiments. However, recent scientific advances have increased the speed
and effectiveness of this process. In fact, modern genetic engineering works at the level not of entire plants or animals,
but of individual cells. DNA, the genetic material at the heart of each cell, can be re-designed -- within a single species,
or by moving DNA segments from one species into a second -- so as to produce a plant or animal with special
characteristics. In the mid-1990s experiments in cloning large mammals, particularly sheep, attracted much attention. A
clone is an exact copy of a living creature, produced artificially. People began to wonder how long it would be until even
human clones were possible, and laws were passed to prohibit cloning experiments with humans. Still, at the cellular
level cloning is the key to numerous benefits that we now take for granted, even if we do not always understand their
origin. Genetic engineers typically work to alter the DNA of a plant or animal so that a new genetic feature will always be
reproduced exactly the same. This is molecular cloning. For instance, faster growing food fish have been developed
by introducing growth-regulating DNA from other species that grow particularly quickly. Also, the ability of certain fish to
live in very cold conditions has been transferred to frost-sensitive plants; these crops can now be grown in areas where
the temperature sometimes drops to levels that they normally could not tolerate. Moreover, apart from simply increasing
the volume of food, genetic engineering aims to reduce losses. Many food plants have been altered to escape harm by
the herbicides that are used to kill weeds growing among them. And cereal crops, such as wheat or rice, are commonly
engineered for reduced production of the enzymes that once caused them to spoil when ripe. Now, they can safely be
stored for a longer time. Even the tomatoes that we buy from the supermarket may have been genetically engineered in
this manner. Medicine, as well, has benefitted from genetic engineering. Doctors and their patients rely on such
important drugs as insulin, interferon, and human growth hormone. Once, these substances could only be collected very
slowly from blood samples; now, they can be produced quickly and less expensively through the use of bacteria that
have been genetically engineered with the relevant human DNA fragments. And other drugs are even produced in the
milk of genetically altered cows or sheep. Many interesting questions arise from this seemingly wonderful situation. Will
the miracle of genetic engineering always be used positively, for the benefit of mankind? Could accidental consequences
cause a genetic disaster, such as a new bacterium somehow resistant to all medicines? Do we in fact know enough
about the possible results, good or bad? As time goes on, it appears that increasing scientific knowledge and public
awareness will together guide the development of genetic engineering in the right direction.
1) Genetic engineering is one example of...
a) cloning.
b) how humans have tried to improve on nature.
c) how to produce a plant or animal with special characteristics.
d) good ideas gone bad.
2) There is a fear that genetic engineering could...
a) disappear.
b) grow larger than the world’s food supply.
c) be used for purposes other than for the benefit of mankind.
d) become illegal.
1)------- Human beings have always been content to leave nature alone.
2)------- Cereal crops, such as wheat or rice, are commonly engineered to have smaller
crops.
3)------- Medicine has benefitted from genetic engineering.
4)------- Scientists have failed to produce drugs in the milk of genetically altered cows
or sheep.
GENETIC ENGINEERING- COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) b
2) c
GENETIC ENGINEERING- COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) F
2) F
3) T
4) F
ENDANGERED SPECIES
Imagine a single goldfish swimming in a pond of fresh water. If its food and water supply remained the same, this fish
could live a long happy life. But what if conditions in the pond were to change? What if gasoline were poured into
the water, poisoning the fish? What if the pond were drained away, leaving the fish without water? What if hundreds of
other goldfish were crowded into the pond, or a hungry trout looking to have fresh fish for dinner were put into the pond?
In each case, the goldfish would probably disappear from the pond forever. When something changes the natural
conditions in which groups of plants or animals are used to living, it can lower the chances these groups--or “species”
--will survive. This destruction of wild lands and natural habitats is a major reason why some plants and animals
become “endangered species.” An endangered species is a living thing--plant, animal or even insect-- that is close to
becoming “extinct.” This means their entire species is close to disappearing from the planet forever. Dinosaurs are the
most common example of an extinct species. These giant beasts suddenly disappeared from earth over 65 million
years ago and can no longer be found living anywhere on the planet. A more recent example would be the carrier pigeon.
Once found by the millions in North America, the number of carrier pigeons began dropping in the 19th century. The
major cause was over-hunting by humans and the destruction of the forests where they once lived. Although efforts were
made to save the bird, the last carrier pigeon died in 1914. By the year 2000 there were close to one million fewer
species on earth than there were at the beginning of that century. In the 1980s, the world was losing one species a day.
In the 1990s, the number increased to one species every hour! Over 1,000 of the 9,000 known species of birds are now
on the endangered species list. So are 25,000 of the 250,000 known types of plants. Humpback whales, African
elephants, Siberian tigers, lions, zebras, cougars, eagles, falcons, giraffes, crocodiles, chinook salmon and wild orchids
are just a few of the plants, animals, birds and fish that are currently facing extinction. There are many things that can
put a species in danger. There are natural causes, such as earthquakes, floods, droughts, volcanoes, fire and hunting by
other animals. However, humans are by far the greatest cause of destruction in the plant and animal kingdom. While
humans have always relied on hunting and gathering for food, overhunting and killing animals for sport has brought
many species close to extinction. Clearing forests for farmland, for firewood and lumber has destroyed millions of acres
of natural habitat. This is especially true in the tropical rain forests, where nearly half the species on earth are found.
Even in water, over-fishing has decreased the number of fish swimming in the lakes and oceans of the earth. If this
destruction continues, there are many people who predict humans themselves will be the next endangered species!
1) The speed at which species are becoming extinct is a concern because...

a) most species of birds are now on the endangered list.
b) it will not go away unless we do something about it.
c) rain forests are being cleared so quickly.
d) species are disappearing at a faster rate than ever before.
2) The problem of endangered species...
a) will be solved by plants and animals.
b) is the fault of the dinosaurs.
c) is mostly a human-made problem.
d) has slowed in recent years.
1) Carrier pigeons became extinct 65 million years ago.
2) By the year 2000, there were close to one thousand fewer species on earth than
there were at the beginning of that century.
3) Natural causes are the greatest cause of destruction in the plant and animal
kingdoms.
4) There are many people who predict mankind itself will be the next endangered
species.
ENDANGERED SPECIES- COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) d
2) c
ENDANGERED SPECIES- COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) F
2) F
3) F
4) T
HYDROPONIC
If you are tired of watering your plants every day, you might want to try growing them right in the water. And in fact this
is not a new idea: people in ancient Egypt were growing plants without soil more than 2,000 years ago. Moreover, the
floating gardens of the Aztecs in early Mexico are another ancient example of gardening without soil. Nowadays this
technique is widely used. It is called hydroponic gardening. Literally, the term hydroponics means cultivating in water
rather than in soil, and in fact normal soil is not used in this process. But plants are plants, and so the concerns of the
hydroponic gardener are really much the same as those of any other farmer. Even when they do not grow in soil, all
plants need food, stability, oxygen, and protection from disease. The main nutrients required by plants are nitrogen,
potassium, and phosphorus. Also, small amounts of other elements are needed. In the ancient hydroponic gardens of
Egypt and Mexico, the growers had to rely on minerals that occurred naturally in the water. In modern hydroponic
applications, workers carefully add these important minerals to pure water; this way, the balance of waterborne nutrients
can be controlled, depending on the kind of plants being grown and on the speed of growth of the crop. Plants usually get
stability from the soil around their roots. Obviously, water cannot provide this. Plants farmed hydroponically are
supported either by growing through a mesh over the water, or by sinking their roots into sand or pea-sized gravel
soaked in water. Either way, the plants stay upright, with their leaves exposed to the sun. They need no soil because, in
this system, they do not derive nutrients from the medium that gives them stability. Oxygen is another essential
requirement. The roots as well as the leaves of all plants must be able to breathe. If insufficient oxygen reaches its
roots, a plant will die. To fulfill this need, hydroponic farmers usually keep the nutrient water flowing all the time. As the
water circulates, it is aerated by splashing from one container to another: the splashing process increases the amount of
absorbed air in the water. Finally, plants need a healthy environment. Especially when plants of the same species are
grown close together, there is a real danger that diseases may spread quickly. A very clean growing medium will reduce
this risk. Soil, the natural planting medium, may contain many harmful diseases or pests, but hydroponic gardening does
not use soil. Starting with pure water and clean sand or gravel, the hydroponic gardener avoids many uncertainties.
In these ways, hydroponics can overcome important agricultural challenges. For instance, hydroponic farming is able to
produce worthwhile crops in regions where the soil is too poor for ordinary gardens, or where the supply of water is too
scarce for normal irrigation. Also, even in fertile areas, hydroponic greenhouses make it possible to cultivate small areas
extremely densely: this can be very profitable during winter in cold climates, such as Canada or the Northern United
States. Such considerations may not have mattered to the ancient Egyptians or Aztecs, but they are the basis of a
thriving hydroponics industry today.
1) Hydroponic gardening...
a) is still used by the Aztecs and the Egyptians.
b) takes less room than conventional soil gardening.
c) results in many unstable plants.
d) is popular in Canada only during the winter.
2) Plants grown hydroponically...
a) usually have a much bigger harvest.
b) are more expensive than plants grown in soil.
c) are also called “organic” fruits and vegetables.
d) are really no different than plants grown in soil.
1)------ Plants that are grown without soil do not need food.
2)------ The roots as well as the leaves of all plants must be able to breathe.
3)------ When plants are grown close together there is less of a chance for disease.
4)------ Soil is a much cleaner planting medium than is hydroponic gardening.
HYDROPONIC- COMPREHENSION CORNER

1) b
2) d
HYDROPONIC- COMPREHENSION CORNER

1) F
2) T
3) F
4) F
RAIN FOREST
In recent times human activity has had a greater impact on the world’s rain forests than ever before. Slashand-burn
agriculture, where trees are chopped down and everything else is burned to prepare the land for planting crops, as well
as logging and mining are responsible for a great deal of the damage. When rain forests are cleared, the ecosystem is
thrown out of balance, species of plants and animals become endangered, and the planet loses more of its natural
filters—the trees--that prevent global warming. There are basically two kinds of rain forest: temperate and tropical.
Temperate means that the climate gets neither very hot nor very cold. Large temperate rain forests are located in
Australia, New Zealand, Chile, the United States, and Canada. The largest tropical rain forests in the world are the
famous forest around the Amazon river in South America, and the forest around the Congo river in Africa. In
tropical rain forests the temperature is constantly hot, and it rains often. The climate in a tropical rain forest
makes it a place with an abundance of both plant and animal life. Even today scientists are discovering never-before
known species in the Amazonian rain forest; it is one of the last places on the planet not to be understood completely.
In general, tropical rain forests are very humid. Temperatures average about 80 degrees Fahrenheit (26 degrees
Celsius). Couple this with the more than 60 inches (150 centimeters) of rain that a tropical rain forest receives each year,
and it is easy to understand where the humidity comes from. The trees in a tropical rain forest grow in layers. The top
layer is made up of only the tallest trees in the forest. These can grow as tall as 200 feet (61 meters). Below the taller
trees, on the next layer, is a vast population of shorter trees, between 60 and 100 feet tall (18 to 30 meters), which form
a shell, or canopy. In many places there is a second canopy below this upper one. Because of the trees and other
vegetation, the canopies are so thick at some places that no sunlight reaches the forest floor. Many species of vines live
in almost total darkness beneath the canopies, making the rain forest a real jungle! When acres of rain forest are clear-
cut for agriculture, the soil to be farmed only contains enough nutrients to support two or three plantings, after which the
land will be abandoned, and unless reforestation takes place, vines and coarse grasses will overtake the plot and part of
the forest will disappear forever. In recent times, human activity has been responsible for destroying between 20 and 50
million acres of rain forest each year. Scientists figure that over 40,000 species of plants grow in the Amazonian rain
forest. Studies estimate that in tropical rain forests around the world a species goes extinct once every six hours. Think
what would happen if one of the species which went extinct could have been made into a medicine to cure cancer or
could have held some other benefit for humankind? Today rain forests cover less than six percent of the earth’s total land
surface. Remember, through photosynthesis green plants supply humans with oxygen to breathe. The rain forests are
the world’s biggest provider of clean air. Can we survive without them?
1) When it comes to using rain forest land for agriculture, the author seems to
suggest that...
a) the canopies are so thick that the trees must be cut down.
b) slash-and-burn is the best method.
c) the forest grows back automatically.
d) the land is not valuable enough as farmland to warrant losing the rain forest.
2) When the author calls the rain forest a “real jungle” it means that the rain
forest is...
a) totally dark.
b) a great place for animals to live.
c) a tangle of plant life.
d) a scary place.
1)------- In temperate rain forests the temperature is constantly hot, and it rains often.
2)------- Tropical rain forests are very humid.
3)------- Scientists estimate that 40,000 species of plants have already been made extinct
in the Amazonian rain forest.
4)------- Green plants supply humans with oxygen through photosynthesis.
RAIN FOREST- COMPREHENSION CORNER

1) d
2) c
RAIN FOREST- COMPREHENSION CORNER
1) F
2) T
3) F
4) F
A SWEET DEAL
Bridget Hickson, 13, starts each school day with a pop—the sugary, fizzy kind. The seventh grader in New York City
drinks one 20-ounce bottle of Coke or Sprite before classes begin at 8 A.M. At lunchtime, she guzzles two more bottles of
soda pop. “I like the way it tickles my throat,” she says. Total cost for the three bottles of bubbly pop: $2.70. Total
teaspoonfuls of sugar in the three bottles: about 50. Bridget’s passion for pop is not that unusual. Kids today are drinking
more soda than ever before, and many are buying it in school. In 1997, kids spent $750 million on soda, candy,
and chips in school vending machines! While soda companies get much of that money, schools keep some, too. Money
from soda machine sales helps pay for books, computers, sports programs, and after-school activities. School officials
say they cannot afford to lose those funds. But health experts are concerned that selling sugary soda in schools
encourages poor nutrition. They point out that a 12-ounce can of soda contains 10 teaspoonfuls of sugar and
has no vitamins or protein. They want schools to unplug their soda machines. In Florida, the school soda-machine debate
has recently exploded like a shaken-up can of you-know-what. In March, 1999, Florida’s Governor Jeb Bush asked the
department of education to make it easier for high school kids to buy soft drinks. Bush supports soda sales
because they sweeten school budgets. Since 1997, students in Florida have not been allowed to use school soft-drink
machines until one hour after lunch. The rule is intended to encourage kids to buy milk and other healthy drinks at
lunchtime. But as a result, schools in Florida are collecting fewer dollars from soda sales. John Fox, the athletic director in
Duvall County, Florida, says sports programs in his county have lost $450,000 since the vending-machine restrictions
began two years ago. That money was supposed to fund “everything from transportation to new uniforms,” says
Fox. For now, new uniforms will have to wait. “Soda pop is junk,” declares nutritionist Michael Jacobson. “It has no
vitamins, no minerals, no protein, and no fiber.” Jacobson is the director of the Center for Science in the Public
Interest and the author of “Liquid Candy,” a 1998 report on the health effects of soft drinks. Heaping helpings of sugar
from soft drinks can lead to many health problems, including obesity and tooth decay. In addition, kids who fill up on
soda instead of more nutritious foods miss out on important vitamins and minerals. Choosing soda over milk, for
example, prevents some kids from getting the calcium they need to build strong bones and teeth. What do you think?
Are soda-machines in schools a good idea or too much of a threat to kids’ health?
1. Schools use money from soda-machines sales for all of the following except
a. nutrition counseling.
b. computers.
c. sports equipment.
d. after-school activities.
2. Health experts are concerned that selling soda in schools
a. encourages poor nutrition.
b. makes kids learn less.
c. makes kids too active.
d. doesn’t teach the value of money.
3. The author’s opinion on the soda issue is
a. soda vending machines should be
allowed in schools.
b. soda vending machines should not be
allowed in schools.
c. both sides are presented equally.
d. not to re-elect Jeb Bush as governor.
4. The author ends “A Sweet Deal” with a question because
a. the author enjoys soda.
b. the author lives in Florida.
c. the author wants the readers to
debate the issue.
d. the author wants readers to take daily
vitamins.
A SWEET DEAL
1-A 2-A 3-B 4-C
PARKS
For many people who live in cities, parks are an important part of the landscape. They provide a place for people to relax
and play sports, as well as a refuge from the often harsh environment of a city. What people often overlook is that parks
also provide considerable environmental benefits. One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide—a key
pollutant—and emit oxygen, which humans need to breathe. According to one study, an acre of trees can absorb the
same amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving. Parks also make cities cooler.
Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building materials such as metal, concrete, and
asphalt absorb much more of the sun’s heat and release it much more quickly than organic surfaces like trees and grass.
Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials, cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural
areas. Parks and other green spaces help to mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect. Unfortunately, many cities cannot
easily create more parks because most land is already being used for buildings, roads, parking lots, and other essential
parts of the urban environment. However, cities could benefit from many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging
citizens to create another type of green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of starting a garden
on their roof, human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years. Some rooftop gardens are
very complex and require complicated engineering, but others are simple container gardens that anyone can create with
the investment of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work. Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as
other urban park and garden spaces, but without taking up the much-needed land. Like parks, rooftop gardens help to
replace carbon dioxide in the air with nourishing oxygen. They also help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect, which can
save people money. In the summer, rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can
significantly reduce cooling bills. In the winter, gardens help hold in the heat that materials like brick and concrete
radiate so quickly, leading to savings on heating bills. Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for
city dwellers, saving them money and making their diets healthier. Rooftop gardens are not only something everyone can
enjoy, they are also a smart environmental investment.
1) According to the passage, the Urban Heat Island Effect is caused by the fact(s) that
I. cities are warmer than nearby rural areas
II. building materials absorb more of the sun’s heat than organic surfaces
III. building materials release the sun’s heat more quickly than organic surfaces
A.I only
B.I and II only
C.II and III only
D.I, II, and III
2) The author claims all of the following to be benefits of rooftop gardens except
A.increased space for private relaxation
B.savings on heating and cooling costs
C.better food for city dwellers
D.improved air quality
3) According to the author, one advantage that rooftop gardens have over parks is that they
A.decrease the Urban Heat Island Effect
B.replenish the air with nourishing oxygen
C.do not require the use of valuable urban land
D.are less expensive than traditional park spaces
PARKS
1-c 2-a 3-c
PASSAGE 1
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:
Once upon a time a famous art museum searched the world over for the best paintings it could
find. After a long search, the museum found a beautiful Old Master painting depicting youths and
maidens frolicking in a wood. The directors were only too glad to pay millions for this painting because
they were captivated by its beauty and elegance. How delightfully the maidens' hair and mouths were
drawn, how perfectly the hands and arms of the youths, how lifelike the bare feet on the forest floor. But
the curator of the museum was the happiest one of all, for he had now become guardian and protector of a
famous work by a famous painter. "Every time I look at that painting," he would say, "I see new beauties
and excellences. Just look at these leaves here, the sweep of the branches from this tree, capturing just the
hint of a breeze and seeming to vibrate with the music from the dance of the youths and maidens in the
clearing. My very soul resonates with the greatness of it all."
Needless to say, this wonderful painting was the most popular exhibit at the museum, providing
instruction and delight for thousands of visitors. Everyone, from the young child who could barely walk
to the old man who could barely walk, enjoyed its beauty frankly and openly or profited from studying its
color and arrangement. Children loved to see the happy figures kicking up their feet with joy; the young
people marveled at the freshness and beauty of the figures; those of mature years stood astonished at the
excellent technique that could present such a convincing vision; the old remarked upon the feeling of cozy
intimacy produced by the scene of innocent pleasure.
"This painting is almost too good to be true," remarked one visitor prophetically as he purchased
a print of it.
One day a horrible discovery was made: the painting was not a genuine Old Master after all. It
was a forgery. It had not been painted by the famous artist whose name was on it, and in fact it had been
painted within the last ten years. The museum directors and the curator were horrified and consumed with
shame. Immediately the painting was jerked from the walls of the museum and ignominiously relegated to
a basement storeroom. "We regret such an unfortunate imposition," the curator told the museum's patrons.
"This painting is not art; it is a tawdry fake. This painting is a lie."
At first the public was saddened to lose sight of such a popular painting, and a few mild protests
were raised, but eventually concern for the painting was pushed aside by other more pressing concerns,
and it was forgotten (as are all things no longer directly in front of us in this busy world) and life
continued.
Only the museum curator and an occasional junior staff member ever saw the painting now,
hanging in the dim light of the basement well away from public view. All that was heard of it was the
curator's occasional disparaging comment. "Every day I see new defects and ugliness in this fraudulent
outrage," he would say. "Just look how false the sun on the leaves looks, how phony is the wisp of that
girl's hair, how ugly the clouds there, and how awkward that boy's position in the dance. How we were
ever taken in by this obvious cheat is beyond me." And finally, shaking his head to show his regret, he
concluded, "What we did was foolish and shameful."
1) According to the passage, before the painting is discovered to be a forgery, it is
I. viewed as a fraudulent outrage

II. considered to be highly valuable
III. perceived as a delight by the public
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III
2) Based on its use in paragraph 4, it can be inferred that ‘ignominiously’ belongs to which of the
following word groups?
A. delightfully, merrily, blissfully

B. penitently, remorsefully, sorrowfully
C. ardently, fervently, enthusiastically
D. disgracefully, shamefully, humiliatingly
3) Which of the following statements best expresses the overall theme of the passage?
A. Knowledge can alter one’s perceptions.

B. Art is impossible to understand.
C. Experts should be the ultimate judges of value.
D. Public popularity is a poor measure of value.
4) It can be inferred that the author would most likely agree that
A. people should never pay millions of dollars for a painting

B. most people, including experts, do not know much about art
C. the person who sold the forgery to the museum should be imprisoned
D. the value of art is determined by people, not by the art itself
5) The museum curator can be described as all of the following except
A. passionate
B. ashamed
C. unwavering
D. inconsistent
6) As used in the final paragraph, which is the best antonym for ‘disparaging’?
A. unreliable
B. fortunate
C. neutral
D. complimentary
ANSWER KEY
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. D
PASSAGE 2
Among the old Norsemen, it was customary for certain warriors to dress in the skins of the beasts
they had slain, and thus to give themselves an air of ferocity, which was calculated to strike terror into the
hearts of their foes. Of course, one may also assume that a wolf or bear skin would make a warm,
comfortable outer coat for a man whose manner of living required him to defy all weathers.
Many legends speak of these warriors, also known as berserkers, and imply that they were
physically transformed into the beasts whose skins they wore. The werewolf is one such being. There is
also mention of a type of man who was bewitched into bear shape. Legends suggest that the skins carried
the power of the beasts and, when worn, turned the wearer into that animal at the height of its capabilities.
The berserker was an object of terror, as his life’s goal was to challenge quiet country farmers to
combat. As the law of the land stood in Norway, a man who declined to accept a challenge from a
berserker forfeited all his possessions, even his wife, over to the hands of his challenger. Therefore, the
berserker had any man he challenged at his mercy. If the berserker slew him, the farmer's possessions
became his, and if the poor fellow declined to fight, he lost all legal right to his inheritance. A berserker
would invite himself to any feast and contribute to the hilarity of the entertainment by snapping the
backbone or cleaving the skull of some merrymaker who displeased him. He might even single one out to
murder for no other reason than to practice his combat skills.
It is not difficult to imagine that popular superstition went along with the popular dread of these
wolf- and bear-skinned rovers, and that they were believed to be filled with the force, as they certainly
were with the ferocity, of the beasts whose skins they wore.
The stories of the Norsemen indicate that the berserker rage was believed to be a kind of demonic
possession. The berserkers were said to work themselves into a frenzy, in which an evil power came over
them and compelled them to carry out acts that they never would commit in their normal states. They
acquired superhuman force, and were wholly insensitive to pain. No sword would wound them, no fire
would burn them, and only a club could destroy them, by breaking their bones or crushing their skulls.
Their eyes glared as though a flame burned in the sockets; they ground their teeth and frothed at the
mouth; they gnawed at their shield rims, and are said to have sometimes bitten through them; and as they
rushed into conflict they yelped as dogs or howled as wolves.
1) This passage would most likely be found in a(n)
A. scholarly history journal

B. nature magazine
C. fiction novel about werewolves
D. encyclopedia article about berserkers
2) As used in paragraph 1, which is the best synonym for ferocity?
A. viciousness
B. confidence
C. insanity
D. strength
3) In paragraph 1, the author writes, “Of course, one may also assume that a wolf or bear skin
would make a warm, comfortable outer coat to a man whose manner of living required him to defy
all weathers.” Using this information, the reader can infer that Norse warriors
A. had great respect for the animals that they killed and skinned
B. lived in harsh climate conditions
C. made comfort their highest priority in life
D. only made clothing out of ferocious animals, like wolves or bears
4) According to the passage, legends suggest that the berserkers got their powers from
I. their own strength

II. evil spirits
III. their animal skins
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III
5) In paragraph 4, the author writes: “A berserker would invite himself to any feast and contribute
to the hilarity of the entertainment by snapping the backbone or cleaving the skull of some
merrymaker who displeased him.” Which of the following literary devices is used in this sentence?
A. Irony, characterized by the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning.
In irony, the deeper, real layer of significance is revealed by the situation and the context in which they
are placed and not by the words themselves.
B. Hyperbole, characterized by the use of specific words and phrases that exaggerate and overemphasize
the core of the statement in order to produce a grander, more noticeable effect. This usually works to
convey an action or sentiment that is generally not realistically possible or plausible but helps to
emphasize an emotion.
C. Foreshadowing, characterized by the use of words or phrases that hint at something—typically
something bad—that is going to happen later in the story. This is done without revealing the story or
spoiling the suspense.
D. Personification, characterized by the attribution of human traits or characteristics to non-human
animals, inanimate objects, or abstract ideas.
6) Which sentence from the passage best supports the idea that the berserkers did, in a sense,
transform into the animals whose skins they wore?
A. "The berserker was an object of terror, as his life’s goal was to challenge quiet country farmers to
combat."
B. "Their eyes glared as though a flame burned in the sockets; they ground their teeth and frothed at the
mouth; they gnawed at their shield rims, and are said to have sometimes bitten them through; and as they
rushed into conflict they yelped as dogs or howled as wolves."
C. "The berserkers were said to work themselves into a frenzy, in which an evil power came over them,
compelling them to carry out acts that they never would commit in their normal states."
D. "Many legends speak of these warriors, also known as berserkers, and imply that they were physically
transformed into the beasts whose skins they wore."
ANSWER KEY
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. B
PASSAGE 3
For many people who live in cities, parks are an important part of the landscape. They provide a
place for people to relax and play sports, as well as a refuge from the often harsh environment of a city.
What people often overlook is that parks also provide considerable environmental benefits.
One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide—a key pollutant—and emit oxygen,
which humans need to breathe. According to one study, an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of
carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving. Parks also make cities cooler. Scientists
have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building materials such as metal, concrete,
and asphalt absorb much more of the sun’s heat and release it much more quickly than organic surfaces
like trees and grass. Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials, cities are
usually warmer than surrounding rural areas. Parks and other green spaces help to mitigate the Urban
Heat Island Effect.
Unfortunately, many cities cannot easily create more parks because most land is already being
used for buildings, roads, parking lots, and other essential parts of the urban environment. However, cities
could benefit from many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type of
green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof,
human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years. Some rooftop gardens are
very complex and require complicated engineering, but others are simple container gardens that anyone
can create with the investment of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work.
Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as other urban park and garden spaces, but
without taking up the much-needed land. Like parks, rooftop gardens help to replace carbon dioxide in the
air with nourishing oxygen. They also help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect, which can save people
money. In the summer, rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can
significantly reduce cooling bills. In the winter, gardens help hold in the heat that materials like brick and
concrete radiate so quickly, leading to savings on heating bills. Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can
also provide fresh food for city dwellers, saving them money and making their diets healthier. Rooftop
gardens are not only something everyone can enjoy, they are also a smart environmental investment.
1) Based on its use in paragraph 2, it can be inferred that ‘mitigate’ belongs to which of the
following word groups?
A. exacerbate, aggravate, intensify

B. obliterate, destroy, annihilate
C. allay, alleviate, reduce
D. absorb, intake, consume
2) Using information in paragraph 2 as a guide, it can be inferred that

A. cities with rooftop gardens are cooler than those without
B. some plants are not suitable for growth in rooftop gardens
C. most people prefer parks to rooftop gardens
D. most people prefer life in the country over life in the city
3) According to the passage, the Urban Heat Island Effect is caused by the fact(s) that
I. cities are warmer than nearby rural areas

II. building materials absorb more of the sun’s heat than organic surfaces
III. building materials release the sun’s heat more quickly than organic surfaces
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III
4) Based on information in paragraph 3, which of the following best describes the main difference
between parks and rooftop gardens?
A. Parks are expensive to create while rooftop gardens are not.

B. Parks are public while rooftop gardens are private.
C. Parks absorb heat while rooftop gardens do not.
D. Parks require much space while rooftop gardens do not.
5) The author claims all of the following to be benefits of rooftop gardens except
A. increased space for private relaxation

B. savings on heating and cooling costs
C. better food for city dwellers
D. improved air quality
6) According to the author, one advantage that rooftop gardens have over parks is that they
A. decrease the Urban Heat Island Effect

B. replenish the air with nourishing oxygen
C. do not require the use of valuable urban land
D. are less expensive than traditional park spaces
Answer key
1. c
2. a
3. c
4. d
5. a
6. c
PASSAGE 4
In the early 1920's, settlers came to Alaska looking for gold. They traveled by boat to the coastal
towns of Seward and Knik, and from there by land into the gold fields. The trail they used to travel inland
is known today as the Iditarod Trail, one of the National Historic Trails designated by the Congress of the
United States. The Iditarod Trail quickly became a major thoroughfare in Alaska, as the mail and supplies
were carried across this trail. People also used it to get from place to place, including the priests,
ministers, and judges who had to travel between villages. In the winter, the settlers’ only means of travel
down this trail was via dog sled.
Once the gold rush ended, many gold-seekers went back to where they had come from, and
suddenly there was much less travel on the Iditarod Trail. The introduction of the airplane in the late
1920’s meant dog teams were no longer the standard mode of transportation, and of course with the
airplane carrying the mail and supplies, there was less need for land travel in general. The final blow to
the use of the dog teams was the appearance of snowmobiles.
By the mid 1960's, most Alaskans didn’t even know the Iditarod Trail existed, or that dog teams
had played a crucial role in Alaska’s early settlements. Dorothy G. Page, a self-made historian,
recognized how few people knew about the former use of sled dogs as working animals and about the
Iditarod Trail’s role in Alaska’s colorful history. To raise awareness about this aspect of Alaskan history,
she came up with the idea to have a dog sled race over the Iditarod Trail. She presented her idea to an
enthusiastic musher, as dog sled drivers are known, named Joe Redington, Sr. Soon the Pages and the
Redingtons were working together to promote the idea of the Iditarod race.
Many people worked to make the first Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race a reality in 1967. The Aurora
Dog Mushers Club, along with men from the Adult Camp in Sutton, helped clear years of overgrowth
from the first nine miles of the Iditarod Trail. To raise interest in the race, a $25,000 purse was offered,
with Joe Redington donating one acre of his land to help raise the funds. The short race, approximately 27
miles long, was put on a second time in 1969.
After these first two successful races, the goal was to lengthen the race a little further to the ghost
town of Iditarod by 1973. However in 1972, the U.S. Army reopened the trail as a winter exercise, and so
in 1973, the decision was made to take the race all the way to the city of Nome—over 1,000 miles. There
were many who believed it could not be done and that it was crazy to send a bunch of mushers out into
the vast, uninhabited Alaskan wilderness. But the race went! 22 mushers finished that year, and to date
over 400 people have completed it.
1) The primary purpose of this passage is to
A. recount the history of the Iditarod trail and the race that memorializes it
B. describe the obstacles involved in founding the Iditarod race
C. outline the circumstances that led to the establishment of the Iditarod Trail
D. reestablish the important place of the Iditarod Trail in Alaska’s history
2) Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that all of the following contributed to the
disuse of the Iditarod Trail except
A. more modern forms of transportation

B. depleted gold mines
C. highway routes to ghost towns
D. reduced demand for land travel
3) As used in paragraph 2, which is the best definition for ‘mode’?
A. formula
B. way
C. preference
D. option
4) According to the passage, the initial Iditarod race
A. was funded through the sale of musher entrance fees

B. was founded by an advocate for Alaskan history
C. ended at the ghost town of Iditarod
D. boasted a total of 400 entrants
5) As used in paragraph 3, the phrase “self-made historian” implies that Dorothy G. Page
A. was employed by the state to keep its dog sled history alive
B. was determined to honor the glories of the gold rush in spite of her questionable credentials
C. had pursued the study of Alaska’s history out of her own interest
D. had personally educated others about Alaska’s history
6) Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that because the U.S. Army reopened the
Iditarod Trail in 1972,
A. more people could compete in the Iditarod race

B. the mushers had to get permission from the U.S. Army to hold the race
C. the trail was cleared all the way to Nome
D. the Iditarod race became a seasonal Army competition
Answer key
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. C
PASSAGE 5
Many of the serious health concerns in modern America can be linked to poor diet. People who regularly
consume foods high in sodium, sugar, and saturated fats not only increase their chances of obesity, but
also increase their risks of developing heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and several types of cancer.
Although some people who regularly consume unhealthy foods do so knowingly, there is also a
significant portion of the population that remains undereducated about proper nutrition. What is more,
individuals who live in food deserts—areas in low-income neighborhoods that lack easy access to
healthy, affordable food—may not even have the opportunity to obtain nutritious food. Although there
have been some recent government efforts to reduce the number of food deserts, more community-
based efforts should be encouraged and supported.
Food deserts are located in high-poverty areas, such as sparsely populated rural areas or densely
populated, low-income urban centers. Food deserts most often develop when major supermarket chains
either relocate out of these areas or simply refrain from building stores there in the first place. Major
food retailer chains tend to limit their store locations to wealthier urban or suburban neighborhoods.
This means that those who live in high-poverty areas often also live miles away from the fresh meats,
dairy products, and produce available at supermarkets. Residents of these areas who do not have cars
are thus forced to travel long distances on public transportation to do their grocery shopping, or else
they are limited to the food available at local convenience stores and gas stations. These types of food
retailers often only sell packaged, processed foods that offer little nutritional value.
Furthermore, fast food restaurants are disproportionately concentrated in low-income areas; recent
estimates suggest that those living in the poorest areas of a city experience 2.5 times more exposure to
fast food restaurants than the wealthiest inhabitants of the city. Because individuals who live in food
deserts tend to get their meals from fast food restaurants or convenience stores, they often suffer from
a variety of health issues. Research has found that individuals who live in low-income neighborhoods are
much more likely to develop problems with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension than those who live in
more affluent neighborhoods.
A solution to the problem of food deserts seems obvious: more supermarkets should be built in low-
income neighborhoods. The problem with this solution, of course, is that it is difficult to lure
supermarket chains into poor areas. Because poorer people have less money to spend on food,
supermarket chains do not consider them to be attractive customers. One way that the government can
help to offset this issue is by offering tax breaks or other incentives for supermarkets in low-income
areas. In 2010, the Obama administration implemented the Healthy Food Financing program, which is a
set of initiatives designed to help bring grocery stores into areas currently designated as food deserts.
While this federal program is a commendable effort to improve low-income residents’ access to healthy
food, local initiatives often have a stronger and more immediate impact. Community gardens,
independent food stores, co-ops, and farmers’ markets are all examples of local initiatives that can
substitute for or supplement the opening of a major chain supermarket. Despite the time, dedication,
and funds required for community members to initiate such programs, these efforts can be incredibly
beneficial, not only in providing people with access to healthier foods, but also in instilling a sense of
community in the residents of these neighborhood.
1) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Supermarkets’ Contributions to Obesity in America

B. The Dangers of Fast Food
C. Food Deserts: the Problem and the Solutions
D. Food Deserts and Rural America
E. Inconvenience Stores: Why Processed Food Will Kill You
2) Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that if supermarkets opened locations in more
low-income areas,
A. members of low-income households would not be likely to go there because they are not concerned
with eating healthy foods
B. the supermarkets would be unable to compete with the fast food chains located in low-income areas
C. the convenience stores in the area would likely be put out of business because of increased
competition with grocery stores
D. the health of low-income residents would be more likely to improve, as residents would have easier
access to healthy food
E. there would be an increase in community spirit among members of low-income neighborhoods
3) Which of the following pieces of evidence, if true, would best support the author’s argument in
paragraph 3?
A. A study completed in 2010 shows that the farther a low-income housing development is from a
supermarket, the more likely residents of that development are to have a higher body mass index, which
is linked to being overweight or obese.
B. On average, energy-dense “junk foods” cost $1.76 per 1000 calories, while low-energy, but nutrient-
dense foods like fresh produce cost $18.16 per 1000 calories.
C. Access to healthy foods has become especially difficult for those living in the largely black and Latino
neighborhoods of cities like Los Angeles, Memphis, Chicago, and Detroit. Some experts estimate that
nearly 50% of Detroit’s 900,000 residents live in a food desert.
D. Research shows that Americans who live in Appalachia and the South are the least likely to be
physically active in their leisure time. In many counties in that region, more than 29% of adults report
getting no physical activity other than at their regular job.
E. In the United States, 34% of the current adult population is overweight, another 34% is obese, and an
additional 5.7% is extremely obese. That means almost three quarters of the adults in the United States
are heavier than they should be. .
4) As used in paragraph 3, which is the best synonym for affluent?
A. healthy
B. updated
C. corrupt
D. distant
E. wealthy
5) Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that the author considers major supermarkets
to be
I. more interested in increasing their profits than in helping people

II. unwilling to build new stores in low-income neighborhoods despite incentives offered by the Healthy
Food Financing program
III. guiltier than fast food restaurants of contributing to the obesity epidemic
A. l only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
E. I, II, and III
6) As used in paragraph 5, which is the best synonym for commendable?
A. useless
B. praiseworthy
C. essential
D. superficial
E. unique
ANSWER KEY
1. A
2. E
3. B
4. B
5. B
6.C
PASSAGE 6
The trees were not old, but they grew thickly round the glade: there was no outlook, except
northeastward upon distant hill-tops, or straight upward to the sky; and the encampment felt secure
and private like a room. By the time I had made my arrangements and fed Modestine, the day was
already beginning to decline. I buckled myself to the knees into my sack and made a hearty meal; and as
soon as the sun went down, I pulled my cap over my eyes and fell asleep.
Night is a dead monotonous period under a roof; but in the open world it passes lightly, with its stars
and dews and perfumes, and the hours are marked by changes in the face of Nature. What seems a kind
of temporal death to people choked between walls and curtains, is only a light and living slumber to the
man who sleeps afield. All night long he can hear Nature breathing deeply and freely; even as she takes
her rest she turns and smiles; and there is one stirring hour unknown to those who dwell in houses,
when a wakeful influence goes abroad over the sleeping hemisphere, and all the outdoor world are on
their feet. It is then that the cock first crows, not this time to announce the dawn, but like a cheerful
watchman speeding the course of night. Cattle awake on the meadows; sheep break their fast on dewy
hillsides, and change to a new lair among the ferns; and houseless men, who have lain down with the
fowls, open their dim eyes and behold the beauty of the night.
The stars were clear, colored, and jewel-like, but not frosty. A faint silvery vapor stood for the Milky
Way. All around me the black fir-points stood upright and stock-still. By the whiteness of the pack-
saddle, I could see Modestine walking round and round at the length of her tether; I could hear her
steadily munching at the sward; but there was not another sound, save the indescribable quiet talk of
the runnel over the stones. I lay lazily smoking and studying the color of the sky, as we call the void of
space, where it showed a reddish gray behind the pines to where it showed a glossy blue-black between
the stars. As if to be more like a peddler, I wear a silver ring. This I could see faintly shining as I raised or
lowered the cigarette; and at each whiff the inside of my hand was illuminated, and became for a
second the highest light in the landscape.
A faint wind, more like a moving coolness than a stream of air, passed down the glade from time to
time; so that even in my great chamber the air was being renewed all night long. I thought with horror
of the inn at Chasserades and the congregated night caps; with horror of the nocturnal prowess of clerks
and students, of hot theatres, and passkeys and close rooms. I have not often enjoyed a more serene
possession of myself, nor felt more independent of material aids. The outer world, from which we cower
into our houses, seemed after all a gentle, habitable place; and night after night a man's bed, it seemed,
was laid and waiting for him in the fields, where God keeps an open house…
1) The author contrasts sleeping indoors to sleeping outdoors in order to make the point that
A. sleeping outdoors is more freeing and satisfying than sleeping indoors

B. the sounds of nature and animal activity make the outdoors a poor environment for sleeping
C. under certain conditions, sleeping outdoors can be an enjoyable experience
D. animals are more active at night while humans are more active in the daytime
E. sleeping in an open field feels similar to sleeping in a room
2) In paragraph 2, the author writes, “All night long he can hear Nature breathing deeply and freely;
even as she takes her rest she turns and smiles.” Which of the following literary devices is used in this
sentence?
A. Simile
B. Juxtaposition
C. Cliché
D. Hyperbole
E. Personification
3) Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that Modestine could be any of the following
animals except a
A. donkey
B. dog
C. horse
D. llama
E. mule
4) According to the author, the encampment
I. has a spacious view

II. is surrounded by pine trees
III. is near farms with herds of sheep and cattle
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
E. I, II, and III
5) The author’s tone can best be described as
A. matter-of-fact
B. contented
C. nostalgic
D. joyous
E. weary
6) The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. convince readers to experience nature by camping outdoors

B. report on animal activity that occurs only at night
C. describe the author’s impressions of a night spent outdoors
D. enlighten those who are too afraid to sleep without a roof over their heads
E. justify the author’s decision to leave the inn and sleep outdoors
ANSWER KEY
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. E
5. A
6. B

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BLOGGING

Eş anlamlı kelimeleri eşleştiriniz.

Doğru cevabı işaretleyiniz.

1) Automated on-line publishing systems have made it possible

a) for uneducated people to begin publishing careers.

2) Blogging on the Internet has helped people around the world

a) find out the latest scores of football and hockey games.

Eş anlamlı kelimeleri eşleştiriniz.

Doğru cevabı işaretleyiniz.

SPAM E-MAILS – VOCABULARY CORNER

Eş anlamlı kelimeleri eşleştiriniz.

1) With the cost of gasoline rising, less fuel-efficient cars

a) will be more popular with car buyers.

2) A pedal bike with a motor on it

a) is considered a hybrid vehicle.

3) In a parallel hybrid car

Cümleleri doğru bir şekilde eşleştiriniz.

3) ___ Satellite dishes became smaller c) revolves around the earth.

4) ___ Satellite television is actually a lot d) like broadcast television.

5) ___ Once every 24 hours a satellite e) to buy satellite dishes.

Kelimelerin eş anlamlımı yoksa zıt anlamlımı olduğunu bulunuz.

1) beamed shined (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)

2) providers suppliers (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)

3) passionate indifferent (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)

4) differences similarities (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)

5) rotation circular movement (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)

SATELLITE TELEVISIONS-SENTENCE COMPLETION

Eş anlamlı kelimeleri eşleştiriniz.

1) Communication between people improved

SEARCH ENGINES-VOCABULARY CORNER

1) _____ Digital technology has made it impossible to receive data in an instant.

a) wounded c) transmit e) rural

LONG-DISTANCE SURGERY- COMPREHENSION CORNER

Cümleleri doğru bir şekilde eşleştiriniz.

1) ___ Flooding causes massive damage a) is not a new one.

4) ___ Most biodiesel in the U.S. d) to run on ethanol.

Kelimelerin eş anlamlımı yoksa zıt anlamlımı olduğunu bulunuz.

1) massive tiny (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)

BIO-FUELS – SENTENCE COMPLETION

Doğru şıkkı işaretleyiniz.

1) If your identify is stolen

a) you simply have to get a new one.

2) The Federal Trade Commission receives

a) from 700,000 to 1 million complaints yearly.

3) Thieves can steal mail, bank statements and tax information by

a) calling the tax office.

a) can be found on your driver's license.

IDENTITY THEFT- COMPREHENSION CHECK

1) _____ Dolly was born on February 14th 2003.

Zıt anlamlı kelimeleri eşleştiriniz.

CLONING- COMPREHENSION CORNER

Cümleleri doğru bir şekilde eşleştiriniz.

1) ___ Millions of people a) promotes the latest diet fads.

Kelimelerin eş anlamlımı yoksa zıt anlamlımı olduğunu bulunuz.

1) easy difficult (eş anlamlı / zıt anlamlı)

DIET FADS- SENTENCE COMPLETION

1) The scent of freshly brewed coffee might leave you feeling

2) Recognizing a scent can trigger

3) Essential oils can be

Eş anlamlı kelimeleri eşleştiriniz.

1) _____ Hydrogen is the only ingredient in trans fat.

a) products c) obvious e) premature