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Decision Making and Management Information Systems: Meiryani, Pariang Siagian, R.A. Aryanti Wardaya Puspokusumo, Lusianah
Decision Making and Management Information Systems: Meiryani, Pariang Siagian, R.A. Aryanti Wardaya Puspokusumo, Lusianah
Decision Making and Management Information Systems: Meiryani, Pariang Siagian, R.A. Aryanti Wardaya Puspokusumo, Lusianah
Abstract
Management Information System is needed by public and private organizations. Management Information System is a system of support
in making decisions taken by managers in overcoming problems that are happening in an organization both public and private
organizations. Through MIS managers can make decisions wisely in the sense of being able to overcome the problems that are happening
and the decision will not create greater problems that can disrupt the survival of an organization. the presence of computer technology
has made a very positive contribution to the management information system and MIS is also very much needed by leaders in an
organization or company for responsible decision making.
© 2019 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.07.52
INTRODUCTION
Long before the advent of computer technology, management efficiently and effectively. This much information is not entirely
information systems (MIS) had been used by leaders of possible to be accommodated by management. For that we need
organizations or companies in decision making efforts. However, a system that can support the needs of management in
the decision-making process that was carried out at that time managing a company/organization. With a good information
was very simple, everything was still going on manually because system, it is expected that there will be no irregularities in the
all data was still stored in various sheets of archives. Where if company/organization. In addition, a good system will also
the leader needs a variety of information in the archives to be encourage high productivity and contribute to the achievement
used as decision making, it is very difficult to find it. Storage of of organizational goals.
archives is very ineffective, so to find it also takes a long time. In
addition, the possibility of the ineffectiveness of the storage Decision making (desicion making) is to assess and make
method makes some archives that have been stored damaged or choices. This decision was taken after going through several
not maintained. calculations and alternative considerations. One of them is
through Management Information Systems. Therefore I raised
The process of searching at that time where computer the title of the paper "SIM-based Decision Making" to find out
technology has not been found. With the advent of computer the extent to which a SIM can influence the decision making.
technology today it has changed everything. Various archives
and documents that were previously stored manually, now LITERATURE REVIEW
everything is stored digitally. All documents stored digitally are Decision Making
effective and efficient storage. Where all the archives and Decision making is to assess and make choices. This decision
documents can be stored neatly in a computer system and if was taken after going through several calculations and
needed in the search easier because only by searching for the file alternative considerations. Before the choice is made, there are
name, the required archive will be displayed. several stages that may be passed by the decision maker. This
stage may include identification of the main problems,
Management information systems have a very important role in developing alternatives to be chosen and arriving at the best
an organization because it greatly influences the back and forth decision making. In general, the notion of decision making has
of an organization. Every organization, both large and small, been advanced by many experts, including:
must have different information systems, depending on the
needs and problems that occur in that organization. Today, the G. R. Terry:
application of SIM in an organization will definitely involve the Stating that decision making is based on certain criteria based
use of computers to help process existing data to become the on two or more possible alternatives.
information needed.
Claude S. Goerge, Jr:
Information is the main requirement of management in order to Said the decision making process was carried out by most
carry out the functions that are collected to it. There is no managers in the form of an awareness, thought activity that
denying that the success of management is greatly influenced included consideration, evaluation and selection among a
and depends on the accuracy of the information presented in the number of alternatives.
form of reports, where the report must provide optimum
benefits and not be misleading for those in need. Horold and Cyril ODonnell:
Management needs a lot of information in order to work They say that decision making is the choice between alternatives
regarding a way of acting that is the essence of planning, a plan
IJSTR
DECISION MAKING AND MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
cannot be said to be non-existent if there is no decision, a quickly, and women are generally relatively slower and often
reliable source, guidance or reputation has been made. doubtful.
Siagian: Decision making is a systematic approach to a problem, The role of decision makers
gathering facts and data, thorough research on alternatives and The role of decision makers includes the ability to gather
actions. information, the ability to analyze and interpret, the ability to
use a broad enough concept of human behavior and predict a
Decision Making Phase better future.
Intelligence activities;
Creative process to find conditions that require decisions to be Limited ability
chosen or not. It is important to realize that there are limited abilities in
decision making in the field of management that are both
Design activity; institutional and personal in nature.
Activities that present concepts based on intelligence activities
to achieve goals. Design activities include: Basic Framework for Decision Making
Decision making plays an important role because the decisions
- find ways/methods taken by managers are the result of the final thought that must
- developing methods be carried out by his subordinates or the organization he leads.
- analyze the actions taken. The manager's decision is very important because it involves all
aspects. Mistakes in making decisions can be detrimental to the
Election activities; organization, ranging from image loss to money loss. Decision
Choose one of the many alternatives in decision making making is a thought process in solving problems to get the
available. This selection is based on predetermined criteria. results to be carried out.
From the three activities mentioned above, it can be concluded
the decision making stage is: There are problems that have been resolved and there are also
a. Identify the main problem difficult problems, depending on the magnitude of the problem
b. Devise alternatives and the extent of it with several factors. The useful and well-
c. Analyzing alternatives known model as the basic framework of the decision-making
d. Make the best decision process proposed by Herbert A. Simon consists of three stages,
namely:
Decision Making Process Understanding
According to G. R. Terry: Investigate environmental conditions that require decisions. The
raw data obtained is processed and checked for clues that can
1. Formulate the problems faced cause problems.
2. Analyzing the problem
3. Establish a number of alternatives Design
4. Evaluate alternatives Find out, develop and analyze the direction of action that might
5. Choosing alternative decisions to be implemented be used. This contains a process for understanding the problem
to produce a solution and testing whether the solution can be
According to Peter Drucer: implemented.
a. Establish the problem
b. Analyze the problem Election
c. Develop alternatives Choose a specific course of action from all directions of the
d. Make the right decision existing action. Choices are determined and implemented.
e. Making decisions becomes effective action Simon's model has to do with information management systems.
This relationship is summarized for the three stages of the
The factors that influence an organization's decision Simon model:
making are:
Internal state of the organization Understanding
this situation has to do with what is in the organization which The investigation process contains the examination of data both
includes available funds, the state of human resources, employee in a predetermined way and in a special way. The SIM must
capabilities, completeness and equipment of the organization provide both methods. The information system must examine all
and organizational structure. data and submit requests to be tested regarding clear situations
according to attention. Both the SIM and the organization must
The external state of the organization provide a communication channel for clearly identified issues to
this situation has to do with what is outside the organization, be addressed to top-level organizations so that the problem can
such as economic, socio-political, legal and cultural conditions. be addressed.
Availability of information needed
Design
The information needed must be complete and have certain The SIM must contain a decision model for processing data and
characteristics so that the decisions made can be of good quality initiating alternative solutions. The model must help analyze
and quality. alternatives.
Personality and decision making skills Selection
this includes: needs, intelligence, skills and assessment capacity. SIM becomes most effective if the design results are presented in
a form of decision. When the selection has been made, the role of
Meanwhile, according to Azhar Eunuch (1995: 17) the the SIM is changed to data collection for later feedback and
factors that influence in decision making by the leadership assessment.
include the following:
Man and woman Decision Making Models
Men are generally more assertive or brave and make decisions Some organizations can implement or adopt the following
the design stage, the relationship with the SIM is to make involve the use of computers to help process existing data to
decision models to be processed based on available data and become the information needed. The right information, fast and
initiate alternative solutions. The available models must help accurate will make an organization grow rapidly. The larger an
analyze alternatives. The SIM support consists of statistical organization, the more complex the management of information
software and other modeling software. This involves structured systems, because the data that is processed becomes more and
approach, model manipulation, and a database retrieval system. more varied.
At the election stage, MIS becomes most effective when the
results of the planning are presented in a form that encourages The benefits of Management Information Systems are as follows:
decision making. If an election has been made, the role of the 1. The SIM provides support in gathering information or
SIM will change to data collection for later feedback and designing an alternative set of actions, deciding to choose the
assessment. best action from the available alternatives and implementing
SIM support at the selection stage is to choose a variety of the choices and monitoring the results of the activities.
decision models to conduct a sensitivity analysis (sensitivity 2. Management information systems can be used effectively to
analysis) and determine the selection procedure. SIM support support every level of decision making process and can also
for decision making consists of a complete database, database be used to obtain and store information relating to standard
retrieval capabilities, statistical and other analytic software, and problems and the current situation.
a basic model that contains decision making software. This 3. The SIM is also very helpful for releasing decisions in action
means that if there is no choice or decision, information and overseeing actions as well as providing feedback related
becomes unnecessary. Decisions can range from simple, to the results.
recurring decisions to long-term strategic decisions. While the
parameters to measure the value of an information according to Decision Making in Management Information Systems
Wahyono (2003), are determined from two main things, namely Decision making is the process of identifying and selecting a set
the benefits (benefits) and costs (cost). of actions to solve a particular problem. There are three stages
or steps in making decisions in relation to management
An information is said to be valuable if its benefits are more information systems, namely:
effective than the costs of obtaining it and most of the
information cannot be precisely estimated in terms of profit by a Intelligence (understanding)
unit of money, but the value of its effectiveness can be estimated. The investigation process contains the examination of data both
It can also be said that measuring the value of an information in a predetermined way and in a special way. The SIM must
would be more appropriate if it uses cost effectiveness or cost provide an information system that examines all data and
benefit analysis. submits requests to be tested regarding situations that clearly
require attention, both the SIM and the organization must
Types of Decision Making provide a communication channel for clearly identified issues to
The types of decisions can be arranged based on various points be conveyed to top-level organizations so that the problem can
of view and broadly known three types of decisions, namely: be addressed.
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