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Biomechanics 3 MAR 2021
Biomechanics 3 MAR 2021
Biomechanics and
its Application in
Joint Function
Dr Jon Chua
3 March 2021
Image from Katsuhira J, Matsudaira K, Yasui T, Iijima S, Ito A. Efficacy of a trunk orthosis with joints providing
resistive force on low-back load in elderly persons during static standing. Clinical interventions in aging. 2015;10:1413.
Learning Explain an injury using a basic biomechanical
•
model
Stress: intensity of an
internal force
Strain = change in
length / original length
Two scenarios Mechanical load in excess of that tolerated
•
of injuries •
Abnormal architecture
in tendinopathy
•
• collagen fibres in
disarray
• reduces tolerance
levels of tendon
Sports Injury
Loss or abnormality of bodily
structure or functioning
resulting from an isolated
exposure to physical energy
during sports training or
competition that following
examination is diagnosed by a
clinical professional as a
medically recognized injury
Timpka et al. (2014)
Types of Sports Direct
•
• Indirect
Injuries • Overuse
Direct Injuries
Regions of •
•
Spine problems
Knee injury and osteoarthritis
Sports Injuries • Ankle ligament injury and osteoarthritis
• Residual upper limb symptoms in the
‘overhead’ athlete
Physeal Injuries
Spine Injuries
Knee Injuries
Meniscus
• Biomechanics
•
Injury
Fracture due to Injury
• Direct
Indirect
Mechanism of Injury
TENSION
COMPRESSIO
N
TORSION
BENDING
Fatigue or Stress Fractures
• Normal bone
• Abnormal stresses – repeated heavy loading
Fragility Abnormal bone (weakened bone)
•
• Abnormal bone
• Normal stresses
•
• Examples:
•
• Osteoporosis
• Osteogenesis imperfecta
• Paget’s disease
• Lytic lesion – bone cyst or metastasis
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Application of
Biomechanics
Image from:
https://www.mayo.edu/research/labs/motion-analysis/motion-analysis-patient-care/tests-procedures
Application of
Biomechanics Human motion
analysis is the
systematic study
It aims to gather
quantitative data
about the
Gait analysis is a
special branch of
human motion
Analysis
augmented by task.
instrumentation
for measuring
body movements,
body mechanics
and the activity of
the muscles.
Gait analysis is
used to assess,
plan and treat
individuals with
conditions
affecting their
ability to walk.
Motion Analysis