11/14/2021

Year 11 Biology
Ms. James
2021-2022

SCF Competency – Independent Learning

 16.6 Methods of birth control in humans

 • Outline the use of hormones in contraception and fertility
treatments.
 • Outline artificial insemination (AI).
 • Outline in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
 • Discuss the social implications of contraception and fertility
treatments.

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SCF Competency – Independent Learning

 All will be able to name common methods for fertility treatment

 All will be able to discuss the role of hormones in fertility treatments
 All will be able to define assisted reproductive technology (ART),
artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro fertilisation (IVF)
 All will be able to describe AI and IVF procedures
 All will be able to define surrogacy
 All will be able to state the fertility laws in the UAE currently
 Most will be able to discuss social implications of fertility treatment
 Some will be able to describe the implications and symptoms of PCOS

SCF Competency –
Independent Learning

 Complete the
table and fill
in roles for
each
hormone

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SCF Competency – Independent Learning

 Polycystic ovary syndrome is a condition where benign cysts or

polyps grow on/in the ovary
 Ovaries produce an abnormal amount of androgens, male sex
hormones (testosterone)
 Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, further adding
to increased amount of androgens
 Obesity can also increase insulin levels and make PCOS
symptoms worse.

Some will be able to describe the implications and symptoms of PCOS

SCF Competency – Independent Learning

Some will be able to describe the
implications and symptoms of PCOS

Women with PCOS don’t ovulate

regularly so oestrogen hormone
supplements will increase egg
maturity and ovulation

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SCF Competency – Independent Learning

Some will be able to describe the implications and symptoms of PCOS

SCF Competency – Independent Learning

Some will be able to describe the implications and symptoms of PCOS

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All will be able to name common methods for fertility treatment SCF Competency – Independent Learning

 The easiest way to increase egg production is to take oestrogen

injections or tablets (ovulation induction).
 These are taken every day for 2-3 weeks (one fertility cycle) ($1000-
$6000)
 Ultrasound check on ovary to find mature follicles
 the eggs are either extracted (very painful) for IVF or sperm is
inserted into the fallopian tube/uterus (IUI)
 The disadvantages
 many eggs can mature, leading to excess multiple pregnancies, i.e 4-
8 babies,
 swollen ovaries are quiet painful (Ovarian hyperstimulation
syndrome (OHSS)), patients experience nausea, headaches etc

All will be able to discuss the role of hormones in fertility treatments

All will be able to describe AI and IVF procedures SCF Competency – Independent Learning

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All will be able to describe AI and IVF procedures SCF Competency – Independent Learning

 ART is the term used to describe any method where

sperm or egg cells are handled outside the ovary,
testes or uterus
 AI is artificial insemination, also called IUI
intrauterine insemination is placing the washed
sperm directly in the uterus or fallopian tube.
 male sperm cells are immotile
 woman’s antibodies are particular harmful to
sperm
 cervical mucus doesn’t allow sperm movement

All will be able to define assisted reproductive technology (ART),

artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro fertilisation (IVF)

SCF Competency – Independent Learning

 Sperm samples are taken from the male

either by masturbation or surgical
removal if erection is not possible
 1 sperm is injected directly into the egg
(ICSI-intracytoplasmic sperm injection)
 Fertilised eggs are incubated for 2 or 3
days in a petri dish, embryos are screened
then most viable ones are transferred
back into the woman's uterus, but it
doesn’t guarantee implantation
 Progesterone is given to thicken lining of
the uterus to help implantation

All will be able to describe AI and IVF procedures

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SCF Competency – Independent Learning

 Many people donate sperm and eggs so that they can help
infertile couples have a change of having a baby.
 It is much easier to donate sperm than eggs.
 Both sperm and eggs can be stored in liquid nitrogen for up to 5
years
 Some people who have gone through fertility treatment and IVF
and have frozen embryos can also donate them to infertile
couples.
 Babies born through this method are not biologically related to
parents.

Discuss the social implications of contraception and fertility treatments.

SCF Competency – Independent Learning

All will be able to describe AI and IVF procedures

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 11/14/2021

SCF Competency – Independent Learning

All will be able to state the fertility laws in the UAE currently

All will be able to define surrogacy SCF Competency – Independent Learning

 Surrogacy is where a woman carries another

persons baby during pregnancy
 Surrogacy is has moral, social, ethical
implications and is illegal in many areas
including UAE

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SCF Competency – Independent Learning

All will be able to state the fertility laws in the UAE currently

SCF Competency – Independent Learning

 Availability of treatment – very expensive, not in developing

countries
 World over-population/orphans – so many children abandoned,
why not adopt? Not add to the population?
 Risk multiple pregnancy – can you manage 4-8 babies,
financially, emotionally etc? Will they be healthy or disabled or
needing special intervention?
 Some cultures, IVF viewed as unnatural – social stigma of
infertility
 Concern for age – some women 50-60 having children, mother is
70 when child is 20?

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SCF Competency – Independent Learning

 Male infertility may be passed onto offspring if its genetic

 Gives hope to infertile couples to have a family
 Raises issue of lineage and kinship, royal family succession,
inheritance cases etc
 Some couples want relatives as donors, family pressure etc
 Genetic screen could result in some embryos being discarded or
sex preference for boys over girls so populations unbalanced
 Can you think of anything else?

SCF Competency – Independent Learning

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