SNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Kurumbapalayam (Po), Coimbatore – 641 107

AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION
Accredited by NBA – AICTE and Accredited by NAAC – UGC with ‘A’ Grade
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai

Problems:
1.A quartz piezoelectric crystal having a thickness of 2 mm and a voltage sensitivity of
0.055 V – m / N is subjected to a pressure of 1.5 MN / m2. Calculate the voltage output. If
the permittivity of quartz is 40.6*10 – 12 F / m, calculate its charge sensitivity.
Solution:

The thickness of crystal, t = 2mm = 2*10 – 3 m

Voltage sensitivity of crystal, g = 0.055 V – m / N

The applied pressure on crystal, P =1.5 MN / m2 = 1.5*106 N / m2

Permittivity of quartz, ε0 =40.6*10 – 12 F / m

The voltage output of a piezoelectric crystal is given by:

𝐸0 = 𝑔 ∗ 𝑡 ∗ 𝑃

= 0.055 ∗ 2 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 1.5 ∗ 106

∴ 𝐸0 = 165 𝑉

The voltage sensitivity in terms of charge sensitivity is given by:

𝑑
𝑔=
𝜀0 𝜀𝑟

⇒ 𝑑 = 𝑔 ∗ 𝜀0 𝜀𝑟

⇒ 𝑑 = 0.055 ∗ 40.6 ∗ 10−12 ∗ 1 = 2.233 ∗ 10−12 𝐶 ⁄𝑁 = 2.233 𝑝𝐶/𝑁

Hence the voltage generated is 165 V and the charge sensitivity is 2.233 pC / N.

2. A piezoelectric crystal having dimensions 5mm X 5mm X 1.5mm and a voltage sensitivity
of 0.055 V – m / N is used for force measurement. Calculate the force if the voltage
developed is 100 V.

Solution:

From the given dimensions,

Length and breadth of the crystal, l = b = 5mm = 5*10 – 3m

UNIT IV PROBLEMS Page 1

Thickness of the crystal, t = 1.5mm = 1.5*10 – 3m

Hence the Area of the crystal, A = l X b =5*10 – 3*5*10 – 3 = 25 * 10 – 6 m2

Voltage sensitivity of crystal, g = 0.055 V – m / N

Voltage developed in the crystal, E0 = 100 V

From,𝐸0 = 𝑔 ∗ 𝑡 ∗ 𝑃,

𝐸0 100
𝑃= = = 1.2 𝑀𝑁/𝑚2
𝑔𝑡 0.055 ∗ 1.5 ∗ 10−3

But the pressure can be written in terms of force as:

𝐹
𝑃=
𝐴

⇒ 𝐹 = 𝑃 ∗ 𝐴 = 1.2 ∗ 106 ∗ 25 ∗ 10−6 = 30 𝑁

Hence the force corresponding to a developed voltage of 100 V is 30 N.

3. A barium titanate pickup has the dimensions 5mm X 5mm X 1.25mm. The force acting
on it is 5N. The charge sensitivity of barium titanate is 150 pC / N and its permittivity is
12.5*10 – 9 F / m. If the modulus of elasticity of barium titanate is 12*10 6 N / m2, calculate
the strain, charge and capacitance.

Solution:

From the given dimensions,

Length and breadth of the crystal, l = b = 5mm = 5*10 – 3m

Thickness of the crystal, t = 1.25mm = 1.25*10 – 3m

Hence the Area of the crystal, A = l X b =5*10 – 3*5*10 – 3 = 25 * 10 – 6 m2

Force acting on the crystal, F = 5N

Charge sensitivity of the crystal, d =150 pC / N = 150*10 – 12 C / N

Permittivity of the crystal, ε0 =12.5*10 – 9 F / m

Modulus of elasticity or young’s modulus = 12*10 6 N / m2

𝐹 5
The stress or pressure, 𝑃 = 𝐴 = 25∗10−6 = 0.2 𝑀𝑁/𝑚2

We know that,

𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 =
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛

UNIT IV PROBLEMS Page 2

 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
⇒ 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 =
𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠

0.2 ∗ 106
=
12 ∗ 106

∴ 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 = 0.0167

The charge is given by:

𝑄 = 𝑑𝐹

= 150 ∗ 10−12 ∗ 5

∴ 𝑄 = 750 𝑝𝐶

The voltage generated is:

𝑄
𝐸0 =
𝐶𝑝

𝑄
∴ 𝐶𝑝 =
𝐸0

Where,

𝐸0 = 𝑔 ∗ 𝑡 ∗ 𝑃

𝑑 150 ∗ 10−12
= ∗𝑡∗𝑃 = ∗ 1.25 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 0.2 ∗ 106 = 3 V
𝜀0 𝜀𝑟 12.5 ∗ 10−9 ∗ 1

750 ∗ 10−12
∴ 𝐶𝑝 = = 250 𝑝𝐹
3
Hence the strain is 0.0167, charge is 750 pC and the capacitance is 250 pF.

4. A Hall Effect transducer is used for measurement of a magnetic field of 0.5 Wb / m 2. The
2 mm thick slab is made of Bismuth having a hall coefficient of – 1*10 – 6Vm / (A–Wb m – 2)
and the current is 3 A. Find the value of voltage generated.
Solution:
Magnetic Field Intensity, B =0.5 Wb / m2
Thickness of slab, t = 2 mm = 2*10 – 3m
Current passing, I = 3 A
Hall Coefficient, KH =– 1*10 – 6Vm / (A–Wb m – 2)
The voltage generated is given by:
𝐾𝐻 𝐼𝐵
𝐸𝐻 =
𝑡

UNIT IV PROBLEMS Page 3

 −1 ∗ 10−6 ∗ 3 ∗ 0.5
=
2 ∗ 10−3
∴ 𝐸𝐻 = −0.75 ∗ 10−3 𝑉 = −0.75 𝑚𝑉
Hence the voltage generated in the Hall Effect transducer is – 0.75 mV.

UNIT IV PROBLEMS Page 4