Chapter _ 01

INTRODUCTION
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1.1 INTRODUCTION:

The Indian textile industry has an awesome existence in the Indian economy.
It is of the largest and oldest sector in the country and among the most important in
the economy in terms of output, investment and employment.Currently, it contributes
about 14 percent to industrial production, 11 percent to country’s export and 4 percent
to the GDP. It is directly linked with rural and agriculture sector, it is estimated that
every six household in the country depends on this sector, either directly or indirectly.
Textile industry is powerful means of inclusive growth in the country.

The textile industry is spread over in four segments i.e. micro, small, medium
and large. It is an export oriented industry with around 35% of its production finding
its way to the markets in other countries, both developed and developing and earning
hefty foreign exchange. The industry has its dominant position both in rural and urban
areas.

India has a diverse and rich textile tradition. The origin of Indian textiles can
be traced to the Indus valley civilization. The Indian textiles, famous for their fineness
and captivating colours for ages beyond 5,000 years, have attracted all parts of the
world.

Our growth in the fabric production, though steadily have gone up on all
economic parameters but inadequate to compete in a globalised scenario. As far as the
Indian weaving capacity in the world are concerned, in terms of loomage, we are at
the top but our neighbour China has the largest number of shuttleless looms and thus
stands at top for its manufacturing capacity.

The development of the textile industry in India can be traced by referring to

the development of handlooms, which met major requirements of the population in
19th century. Today the textile industry comprising of textile mills on the one hand

1
and largely dispersed handlooms and powerlooms on the other, fulfilling the clothing
needs of the country.

Mumbai city is the very birthplace of the modern textile industry. The industry
made rapid growth in Mumbai, which led to the establishment of supporting
industries like manufacture of dyes, chemicals, spare parts, machinery etc. This
development influenced the setting up of banks, insurance companies, exporting firms
etc. and soon Mumbai became the financial capital of the country.

In Indian textile industry has three sectors i.e. a) Mill Sector 2)

Handloom Sector and 3) Powerloom Sector. Structurally, the mill sector consists of
about 1834 mills including composite and spinning mills. There are about 35 lakh
handlooms dispersed all over India. The powerloom sector consists of about 22.05
lakh powerlooms distributed over more than 5 lakh units.

Maharashtra occupies a premier position in the textile map of the country with
the largest number of powerlooms in the state. It is next to the agriculture. It has vast
potentiality for creating employment opportunities tomillions. It is recognized as a
self-reliance industry, right from the production of raw material to the delivery of
finished product, with substantial value addition at each stage of processing. The State
of Maharashtra is having highest area under cotton cultivation i.e. 3.50 million
hectares and is second highest cotton producer in the country i.e. 6.7 million bales per
annum.

In the State there are 3.96 million installed spindles and 10.054 million
installed rotors. The state has a production capacity of 368.45 million kilograms of
spun yarn and 339.51 million kilograms of manmade filament yarn. Out of it, in the
co-operative sector there are 1.5 million installed spindles and 0.08 lakh installed
rotors.

In the state there are about 11.06 lakh powerlooms working in the
decentralized powerloom sector. These powerlooms at an average are producing
about 10,123.78 million meter cloth per annum and providing direct employment to
about 2.00 million people. The cotton and man madefibre yarn is a basic raw material
for the powerloom sector. The power loom sector is spread over small villages and

2
towns of the state. Mostly, units are comprised of 2 to 4 power looms and termed as
small and tiny units. As per general assessment 70% to 80% units in the state are
working on job work basis.

In the state, the powerloom sector requires 1,012.38 million kilogram of yarn.
The spinning mills under the co-operative sector in the state are just producing 1.20
million kilogram of yarn per annum, which is 10% of the total requirement of yarn by
the powerloom sector. The requirement of remaining 90% yarn is fulfilled by the
other states. The important clusters in the state are Bhiwandi, Malegaon, Ichalkaranji,
Solapur and Nagpur.

The powerloom industry is structurally flawed and its efficiency and growth
depends upon the corrective measures and their effectiveness. The proper approach is
felt to help the powerloom industry by studying the industry’s functioning and
problems. There is need to study how the industry is working and to find out the
reasons behind the weakness of the industry. In order to meet the changed competitive
conditions due to globalisation and liberalisation of the economy, there is an urgent
need to study the functioning of the industry and to find out the problems of the
industry. The industry needs appropriate measures to cope in the competitive world.

1.2 DECENTRALISED POWERLOOM INDUSTRY:

Powerloom means a loom which is worked by power. Here the term power is
taken as the energy produced by mechanical power no human or animal power. Thus
powerloom means a loom which works by the electrical power. A loom is a cloth
making machine in which yarn or thread is woven into a fabric. Weaving is an art by
which threads of any substance are crossed and interlaced, so as to be arranged into a
permanently expanded form, and thus to be adapted for covering other bodies. The
word loom existed in great varieties in different civilisations for manufacturing cloth.
The word loom (from Middle English lome “tool”) is applied to any set of devices
permitting a warp to be tensioned and shed to be formed.

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 The development of the textile industry in India can be traced by referring to
the development of handlooms, which met major requirements of the population in
19th century. Today the textile industry comprising of textile mills on the one hand
and largely dispersed handlooms and powerlooms on the other, fulfilling the clothing
needs of the country.

In Indian textile industry has three sectors i.e. a) Mill Sector 2) Handloom
Sector and 3) Powerloom Sector. Structurally, the mill sector consists of about 1834
mills including composite and spinning mills. There are about 35 lakh handlooms
dispersed all over India. The powerloom sector consists of about 23.24 lakh
powerlooms distributed over more than 5.24 lakh units.

The textile mill started its ground in the second half of the 19th Century. While
the powerloom came after that. In India, the powerloom industry never felt the pangs
of invention and innovation. The discarded looms of the textile mills mooted a new
preposition of their effective utilisation.

TABLE 1.1
CENTREWISE INCEPTION OF THE FIRST POWERLOOMS
S.N. Centre State Year of Inception
1. Ichalkaranji Maharashtra 1904
2. Cannanore Kerala 1917
3. Surat Gujarat 1920
4. Bangalore Karnatak 1928
5. Madurai Tamil Nadu 1928
6. Bruhanpur Madhya Pradesh 1932
7. Calcutta West Bengal 1932
8. Amritsar Punjab 1933
9. Tanda Uttar Pradesh 1934
10. Malegaon Maharashtra 1935*
11. All other Centres - 1951 Onwards
Source: Powerloom Enquiry Committee (1964), PP-16-24
* Powerloom Service Centre, Malegaon

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 The introduction of powerlooms in the decentralised sector dates back to
1904 when the Jagirdar (Landlord) of Ichalkaranji (the princely state) gave
encouragement to weavers to install powerlooms and improve their standards of
living.

During the period of the Great Depression (1929 to 1933) the availability
of cheap discarded looms from the mills proved to a convenient alternative source of
employment to unemployed labour by the closing of textile mills. These workers
refurbished the discarded looms and started the small units as a Cottage and small
industry by setting up small powerloom units. These looms produced more cloths per
day as compared to handloom. They also achieved the flexibility in production as
compared to mills. They were also able to reduce the cost of production which made
them a “serious rival not only to the handlooms but to the mills also. By the close of
1930s more than 6,000 powerlooms were known to exist. The Fact Finding
Committee in 1942 reported that it was really difficult to find out the actual number of
powerlooms. But with the brief estimates received from various sources, it could be
estimated to be 15,000 for the whole India.

The most important fact to be noted about the growth of the powerlooms
during the period (1930 to 1939) is their main concentration in one state i.e. Bombay
State of India Union. More than 55% powerlooms was concentrated in the Bombay
state. The main reason for the concentrations was because of the Great Depression. It
was the Bombay Mills which suffered most. During the period many mills went into
liquidation in Bombay resulting in large scale unemployment.

In 1954, for the economic development of the handloom weavers a scheme of

conversion was introduced. It was decided to allow installation of 35,000 powerlooms
in the handloom sector. The number of powerloom exceeds to 27,000 in 1956, 60,280
in 1957 and in 1960 the numbers reached 82,452.

In 1963 a committee was set up under the chairmanship of Ashok Mehta and
as per the recommendations of the committee, 1,05,000 powerlooms were distributed
to the states of which about 14,000 powerlooms were installed by 1969.

Particularly in places like Ichalkaranji, Malegaon, Bhiwandi, Surat and

Bombay, the powerloom industry was a growth from the handloom industry. It was an
attempt from the entrepreneurs to the higher return by improving their operation.

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 During the first Five Year Plan (1951 – 1956) no financial assistant was
planned for the development of the powerloom industry. Government assistance
started since second (1956-1961) and third (1961-1966) five year plans. They devised
the conversion scheme of handlooms to powerlooms. In the fourth plan (1969-1974)
1,10,000 powerlooms were allotted to the states and the development of the
powerloom sector came to be a part of the state plan scheme under the village and
small industries. Under fifth plan the target of production was set as 1,800 million
meters and provision was made for processing facilities and setting up technical
service centres.

In sixth five year plan (1980-1985), the target for the production of cloth was set
to 3,450 million meters and 4,930 million meters for seventh five year plan (1985-
1990).

During the seventh plan the focus was also given for the modernisation of
powerlooms, they planned to form Powerloom Service Centres in the country to act as
a Support Service Centre for the Powerloom Industry. In the eighth five year plan
(1992-1997), special focus was done in the modernisation, support services to the
industry, employment upto 75 lakh persons, further production of 11,036 million
meters, setting up of special financial institutions for the sector.

For the modernisation of powerloom services centres (PSCs), about Rs.17 Crore
was planned in the Ninth Plan (1997-2002). The special focus on a) Technology
upgradation of powerlooms b) Modernisation of powerloom service centres c) Testing
facilities and d) Welfare of powerloom workers was taken in the tenth plan (2002-
2007).

The eleventh plan (2007- 2012) includes a) focus on the induction of improved
technology to modernize the sector through the Technology Upgradation Fund
Scheme (TUFS) b) Promotion of value added textiles through improved designs and
technical textiles c) Strengthening of existing infrastructure facilities and the creation
of new PSCs and CAD centres d) Easy access to credit in a friendly environment and
e) Consolidation of the powerlooms sector through the modernized workshed scheme
in existing and new clusters. The growth of decentralised powerloom sector is given
in the Table No.1.2 below;

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 TABLE 1.2
GROWTH OF DECENTRALISED POWERLOOM INDUSTRY

No. of
Year Powerlooms Source
(in Lakhs)

1930 0.06 Fact Finding Committee (1942)

1942 0.15 Fact Finding Committee (1942)

Powerloom Enquiry
1956 0.27
Committee(1964)

Powerloom Enquiry
1964 0.82
Committee(1964)

Report of the
1972 2.91
Sanathan Committee (1972)

Eighth Five Year Plan, Planning

1985 8.36
Commission

Office of the Textile Commissioner,

1990 10.44
Mumbai

Office of the Textile Commissioner,

1995 13.65
Mumbai

Office of the Textile Commissioner,

2000-01 16.55
Mumbai

Annual Report – 2009-10 Ministry

2005-06 19.43
of Textile GOI

Annual Report – 2009-10 Ministry

2008-09 22.05
of Textile GOI

Annual Report – 2012-13 Ministry

2012-13 23.24
of Textile GOI

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 FIGURE 1.1
GROWTH OF DECENTRALISED POWERLOOM INDUSTRY
(Figures in Lakhs)

No. of Powerlooms
2012-13 23.24

2008-09 22.05

2005-06 19.43

2000-01 16.55

1995 13.65

1990 10.44

1985 8.36

1972 2.91

1964 0.82

1956 0.27

1942 0.15

1930 0.06

0 5 10 15 20 25

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 The powerloom industry started its ground since 1930 during the great
depression period. After that the growth of industry shows only upward direction. The
number of powerlooms increased by 15,000 upto 1942.

In 1954 the scheme of conversion of handloom to powerlooms was initiated

by the government, hence the numbers grown to 27,000 till the 1956.

However in the initial stages till 1960 the increase was gradual but since 1960
it has been very rapidly increasing the number of powerlooms in the country. As per
the report of the Sanathan Committee (1972) the number of powerlooms estimated
about 2,91,000 in 1972.

There was a major growth of powerloom industry during 1972 to 1985; the
number goes upto 2.91 lakh to 8.36 lakh powerlooms in the country respectively.
Further the progress of the powerlooms was in the year 1990, 10.44 lakh; 1995, 13.65
lakh; 2000-01, 16.55 lakh; 2005-06; 19.43, 2008-09, 22.05 lakh and 2012-13, 23.24
lakh.

1.3 REGISTRATION OF POWERLOOMS:

The estimated number of powerlooms in the decentralised sector in the

country till 2012-13 were 23.24 Lakh in a 5.24 powerloom units in the country.
Below Table No. 1.3 & Figure No. 1.2 show the growth of powerloom industry within
the study period i.e. 2003-2004 to 2012-2013.

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 TABLE 1.3

YEARWISE GROWTH OF POWERLOOM INDUSTRY

No of Power
Year No. of units
loom

2003-2004 4.13 18.37

2004-2005 4.25 19.03

2005-2006 4.33 19.44

2006-2007 4.4 19.90

2007-2008 4.69 21.06

2008-2009 4.94 22.05

2009-2010 5.03 22.38

2010-2011 5.11 22.69

2011-2012 5.19 22.98

2012-2013 5.24 23.24

Source: Annual Reports, Ministry of Textile, GOI. New Delhi

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 FIGURE 1.2

YEARWISE GROWTH OF POWERLOOM

P OWERLOOM INDUSTRY

(FIGURES IN LAKH)

23.24
2012-2013
5.24

22.98
2011-2012
5.19

22.69
2010-2011
5.11

22.38
2009-2010
5.03

22.05
2008-2009
4.94

21.06
2007-2008
4.69

19.90
2006-2007
4.4

19.44
2005-2006
4.33

19.03
2004-2005
4.25

18.37
2003-2004
4.13

0 5 10 15 20 25

No of Power loom No. of units

11
 In the year 2003-2004 there was a high jump with the numbers of powerlooms
i.e. 18.37 Lakh. In the year 2004-2005, the number of powerlooms reached to 19.03
Lakh with 4.25 Lakh powerloom units and the progress rate was 3.60% & 3.09%
respectively. During 2005-2006 the growth rate slightly shows downward direction
but in the next year 2006-2007 again it shows the constant growth. But in the year
2007-2008 the graph of growth shows upward direction which continues in the next
years also.

1.4 POWERLOOM INDUSTRY IN MAHARASHTRA:

Maharashtra occupies a premier position in the textile map of the country with
the largest number of powerlooms in the state. It is next to the agriculture. It has vast
potentiality for creating employment opportunities tomillions. It is recognized as a
self-reliance industry, right from the production of raw material to the delivery of
finished product, with substantial value addition at each stage of processing. The State
of Maharashtra is having highest area under cotton cultivation i.e. 3.50 million
hectares and is second highest cotton producer in the country i.e. 6.7 million bales per
annum.

In the State there are 3.96 million installed spindles and 10.054 million
installed rotors. The state has a production capacity of 368.45 million kilograms of
spun yarn and 339.51 million kilograms of manmade filament yarn. Out of it, in the
co-operative sector there are 1.5 million installed spindles and 0.08 lakh installed
rotors.

In the state there are about more than 11 lakh powerlooms working in the
decentralized powerloom sector. These powerlooms at an average are producing
about 10,123.78 million meter cloth per annum and providing direct employment to
about 2.00 million people. The cotton and man madefibre yarn is a basic raw material
for the powerloom sector. The power loom sector is spread over small villages and
towns of the state. Mostly, units are comprised of 2 to 4 power looms and termed as
small and tiny units. As per general assessment 70% to 80% units in the state are
working on job work basis.

In the state, the powerloom sector requires 1,012.38 million kilogram of yarn.
The spinning mills under the co-operative sector in the state are just producing 1.20

12
million kilogram of yarn per annum, which is 10% of the total requirement of yarn by
the powerloom sector. The requirement of remaining 90% yarn is fulfilled by the
other states. The important clusters in the state are Bhiwandi, Malegaon, Ichalkaranji,
Solapur and Nagpur.

1.5 POWERLOOM INDUSTRY IN MALEGAON:

Malegaon was a traditional handloom centre in Maharashtra after 1857. The

powerloom industry is the power of Malegaon city. Malegaon has glorious past and
history of its own. ShriPandit Jawaharlal Nehru quoted in speeches that those who
want to see secularism, peace and progress should go to Malegaon. This is true even
today about Malegaon.

The powerloom industry is an evolution of handloom industry. It was noted

that ShriSampatMistri who came from Solapur brought shuttle for weaving and
handloom industry started. The main aspects favouring the mushroom growth of
powerloom were conversion scheme, inability of handloom sector to produce cloth at
affordable prices to the consumers, change in taste and preference of the consumer
etc.

The handloom industry was an important cottage industry second to

agriculture before British rule in Malegaon. The black fertile soil of Malegaon
Baglan, Khandesh is most suitable for cultivation of cotton and obviously cotton is
grown to a considerable extent in these areas.

The East India Company came to India to make trade & earn profit. They
followed the British Economic Policy. The British Economic policy was framed in
such a way that the British industries will flourish and Indian Medieval Industries will
be destroyed.

In 1857 war of Independence which brought the influx of Muslim from Delhi
and around were greeted in Malegaon by the King Raja Bhadur. They were not only
permitted to settle down but also the weavers were granted aid for weaving industry.
These weavers brought along with them the traditional art of making Sarees on
handloom. The weavers of Malegaon due to the traditional inheritance developed
specialized skill and art in making colouredSarees.

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 The census of India 1931 described Malegaon as a primary weaving town and
also a town with 50% Muslim population. In 1935 there was a turning point in the
history of Malegaon. Mr. Abdul Razzaque Fakir Mohammed started the first
Powerloom in Malegaon under the name of “Star Weaving Mill” which was working
on oil engine. The Amalgamated Electric Company started the supply of electric
power to the industry in 1936. So the hand was replaced by the electric power. The
number of powerlooms was only 10 in the year 1936. It increased upto 2,000 within
four year i.e. upto 1940.

The powerloom Industry had adverse effect of partition while more than 30%
of the cotton growing areas went to Pakistan and almost all the cotton Mills were in
India. The textile industry suddenly found itself short of raw cotton. The powerlooms
& other parts of the mill industry became outdated and they were sold in the scrap
market of Bombay (now Mumbai). The weavers of Malegaon purchased it at cheaper
rates to reduce the cost of production, to increase the competitive power and to
increase the number of powerlooms in Malegaon.

In the 1950’s, in order to encourage Govt. reserved production of Rangeen

(Coloured) Sarees for the handloom sector only. In 1952, powerloom industries
suffered a major depression due to tremendous increase in the price of yarn. Many
powerloom owners had to sell their powerlooms. This impact was so severe that the
Muslims were forced to work as agriculture labourers on farms. The migration of
Muslims from other parts of India must have added to the miseries of the local
weavers.

After the recession there was a major transformation in Malegaon powerloom

industry. Only grey cloth started being produced. The agents of Bombay mill owners
came to Malegaon and they provided beam and yarn to the weavers. The condition of
weavers was so unstable that they were forced to work as labourers without a return
on their looms. To counter the exploitation, sizing machine were introduced by
concerned businessmen in Malegaon. In 1970’s, spinning was also introduced and
later Janata Co-operative Bank was established by the Muslims.

The Table No.1.6 & Figure 1.8 show the growth of powerlooms in Malegaon.
The first powerloom was installed by Mr. Abdul Razzaque Fakir Mohammed in 1935.

14
Before independence there were about 4,000 powerlooms in the city. In the year
2012-13 there are about 1,65,000 powerlooms.

TABLE 1.4
GROWTH OF POWERLOOMS IN MALEGAON

Year No. of Powerlooms

1936 10

1938 500

1940 2,000

1948 4,000

1951 5,000

1956 6,300

1963 18,048

1972 21,918

1973 25,164

1978 27,858

1980 32,749

1981 33,443

1982 36,854

1983 37,074

1985 42,995

1995 82,700

1996 1,10,000

2000 1,30,000

2005 1,40,000

2009 1,50,000

2012 1,65,000

Source: Labour Office (Govt. of Maharashtra), Malegaon

Powerloom Service Centre, MOT, Malegaon
Nashik District Gazetteer, Nashik

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 FIGURE 1.3
GROWTH OF POWERLOOMS IN MALEGAON

No. of Powerlooms
2012 165000

2009 150000

2005 140000

2000 130000

1996 110000

1995 82700

1985 42995

1983 37074

1982 36854

1981 33443

1980 32749

1978 27858

1973 25164

1972 21918

1963 18048

1956 6300

1951 5000

1948 4000

1940 2000

1938 500

1936 10

0 50000 100000 150000 200000

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1.6 OBJECTIVES:

The objectives of the study are as follows;

i) To examine the present situation in marketing and financing in powerloom

industry.
ii) To identify the major issues in marketing and financing.
iii) To evaluate the present policies and programmes of government bodies in
respect of marketing and financing.
iv) To analyse the role of major players in marketing and financing in
powerloom industry.
v) To identify the ways and means of to promote market for powerloom
industry.
vi) To suggest the solutions for major issues.

1.7 HYPOTHESES:

In this study the researcher has taken assumptions;

Hypothesis 1 :

H0 : Marketing practices of Powerloom industry is positively related to its

performance.

H1 : Marketing practices of Powerloom industry is not positively related to its

performance.

Hypothesis 2 :

H0 : Lack of finance is a major obstacle in modernisation and upgradation.

H1 : Lack of finance is not a major obstacle in modernisation and
upgradation.

1.8 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

Sources of Data:

This study is an empirical research based on survey method. With a view to

secure required information and the knowledge of the marketing and financing of

17
powerloom industry field visits was undertaken. The primary data was collected with
the help of questionnaire.

Apart from primary data the secondary was collected with valuable
information from Books, Journals, Textile Department Publications, magazines,
Annual Reports of Banks and published & unpublished literature.

Research Design & Research Area:

In any research design the overall plan of research is given. Research design is
a blue print for carrying out the research and for avoiding guidance in taking various
steps for undertaking a research study. The fundamental objective of a research design
is to develop a set of methods and procedures that will answer the research questions
or test of research hypothesis with high degree of confidence. The research design can
be of several types. Some of the important designs are : Descriptive, Correlational,
Casual Comparative and Experimental.

The research design was used in the present study is Descriptive Research
Design.

There are about 7500 powerloom units in Nashik District out of which 250
units and, 50 master weavers & 50 job workers was taken for the study.

Sample Size & Sampling Technique:

For any research work it is not advisable to conduct the survey of whole entire
universe of the study. If we conduct the entire universe of the study it may raise big
outlay of time, energy and finance. So, only samples are obtained from the entire area
of survey.

A sample is a finite part of a statistical population whose properties are studied

to gain information about the whole. The present research was conducted on the basis
of primary & secondary data. The primary data was collected from the sample of the
customers, employee & top management of cooperative banks. The sample was
selected on the basis of stratified random sample method.

Sample size is the number of people / units selected for the study. In the
present study a random sample of 250 powerloom units, 50 master weavers, 50 job

18
workers from Malegaon Taluka in Nasik District, was taken adopting the procedure of
stratified random sampling.

TABLE 1.6
RESPONDENTS

No. of
Category
Respondents

Powerloom Units 250

Master Weavers 50

Job Workers 50

TOTAL 350

Analysis of Data:

In a research study when the process of data collection is completed, the next
step generally involves the analysis of the data. The choice of the analytical
procedures depends on several factors, including the type of research question /
hypotheses that are developed and the characteristics of collected data.

The percentage distribution is the simplest form of representing findings of the

research work. Therefore, important tables on the questions wasprepared with its
respective percentage. In order to test the validity of the hypotheses, a well known Chi
– Square Test was used.

1.9 CHAPTER SCHEME:

Chapter – 1 : Introduction

In this chapter the researcher has anticipated the introduction of Indian textile
industry, decentralised powerloom industry, registration of powerloom industry,
production in powerloom industry, powerloom industry in Maharashtra, powerloom
industry in Malegaon, objectives of the study, hypotheses, research methodology,
chapter scheme and limitations of the study.

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Chapter – 2 : Profile of the Study Area

This chapter includes with profile of Malegaon Taluka. The chapter covers
with the History, Geographical conditions, industry, agriculture, economy,
educational institutions, industries, transportation and communication etc.

Chapter – 3 : Review of Literature

The second chapter is related to literature review. The previous studies and
findings of Indian textile industry, Indian powerloom industry are reviewed in this
chapter.

Chapter – 4 :Marketing & Financial Management In Powerloom Industry In

Malegaon

In this chapter the researcher has studied the marketing and financial
management in powerloom industry.

Chapter – 5 : Data Analysis

In this chapter the researcher has applied the statistical techniques to test the
hypotheses. The chapter deals with analytical study of the questionnaires to know the
major financial and marketing problems of the Powerloom industry.

Chapter – 6 :Problems of Powerloom Industry

This chapter deals with the marketing and financial problems of powerloom
industry relating to all important aspects.

Chapter – 07 :Conclusions, Suggestions & Recommendations

The last chapter comprises the summarized study, the conclusion and
recommendations of the study.

1.10 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

1) The study is related to Malegaon Taluka only. Hence a generalization of

findings is limited mostly to this area.

2) The focus of the study is limited only to the marketing and financial problems
of Powerloom industry.

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