The Sunrise Academy Kharan

Instructor: M. K Jami Level: Two

INFINITVES
The base form/first form of the verb without ‘s. es, ies, ed, d and ing’ is called infinitive:
There are many forms of infinitive, which are as under:

1. Full Infinitive: ‘‘To + 1st of Verb’’

2. Spilt Infinitive: ‘‘To + Adverb + 1st of Verb’’
3. Negative Infinitive: ‘‘Not + to + 1st of Verb’’
4. Bare/Plain Infinitive: ‘‘1st of Verb’’
5. Passive Infinitive: ‘‘To + be + 3rd of Verb’’
6. Progressive Infinitive: ‘‘To + 1st of Verb + ing’’
7. The Perfect Infinitive: ‘‘To + have +3rd Verb’’
8. Perfect Passive Infinitive: ‘‘To + have + been + 3rd Verb’’
9. Perfect Progressive Infinitive: ‘‘To + have + been + 1st of Verb + ing’’

1. Full Infinitive: ‘‘To + 1st of Verb’’

 To + 1st of the verb is called Full Infinitive. It works as a noun, as an adverb and
adjective.
The following are the functions of Full Infinitive:
 As a Subject:
1. To laugh at the poor is not good. (laughing at the poor is not good)
2. To make fun of elders is a bad habit. ( It is not good to make fun of elders)
3. To speak Chinese is difficult.

 As an Object:
1. we have decided to leave.
2. He refused to work.
3. I wish to be there.

 As part of the object:

1. He ordered me to work.
2. He forbade them to fight.
3. These glasses will enable you to see.
4. I would like/love to sit here.
5. He would like/love to have tea.

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 Usage of Full Infinitive
1. It is used to express a purpose:
He works hard to pass CSS.
We are going to Sunrise Academy to learn English.
2. It is used after a verb and its object.
He wants us to leave this place.
She ordered him to type these letters.
3. It is used after an adjective.
It is hard to live alone.
It is difficult to pass CSS.
She became happy to see you.
It is easy to learn English.
4. It is used after a noun and pronoun.
It is necessary for students to have a pen and note-book.
She needs a broom to clean her room.
It is obligatory for juniors to salute seniors in army.
5. It is often used in headline of Newspapers and Electronic Media to express future
pre-planned/arranged events/actions.
The president to address the nation at 9 o’clock today.
The P. M of India to meet P.M of Pakistan.
Pakistan cricket team to play with Indian team.
6. Full Infinitive is used after ‘’too’’.
She is too weak to walk. (She is so weak that she cannot walk)
He is too fat to run.
7. Used after word ‘’Sorry’’.
Sorry to disturb you.
Sorry to make you wait.

2. Split Infinitive: ‘‘To + Adverb + 1st of Verb’’

When an adverb or phrase/ word comes between ( To and Verb), is called split Infinite:
(a) To easily win the match is not an easy task.
(b) To quickly teach the students is not beneficial.
Note: Some Grammarian say, it should be avoided because it is improper and not to be used in
Formal writing.

3. Negative Infinitive: ‘‘Not + to + 1st of Verb’’

To make Negative Infinitive put ‘not’ before ‘to’:

Correct Incorrect
His decision not to take exam is not in His decision to not take exam is not in
his favour. his favour.
Run fast not to lose the race Run fast to not lose the race

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 4. Bare/Plain Infinitive: ‘‘1st of Verb’’
When ‘To’ is dropped from first form of the verb or A verb with
‘es.s.ies.d’ is said to be the Bare/Plain Infinitive.
 It is used after the modal auxiliary verbs.
He will come.
I can speak.
She might pass the exam.
 It is used after (had better and would rather).
It is hot, you had better turn on the fan.
I would rather sleep than watch T. V.
 It is used after (let + object).
Let him go.
Let them read.
 It is used in causative verbs with agent.
She makes him clean her room.

5. Passive Infinitive: ‘‘To + be + 3rd of Verb’’

‘To + be + Third Form of Verb’ is called Passive Infinitive. It is the
Passive Voice of Full Infinitive.
It gives the passive meaning of Future Indefinite Tense.
A meeting to be called on this issue/a meeting will be called on this issue.
A committee to be made very soon/a committee will be made very soon.
It is used with other verbs to express an action received by the subject of the
sentence.
Workers need to be paid.
Amina to be rewarded for his beautiful project.
6. Progressive Infinitive: ‘‘To + 1st of Verb + ing’’
To + 1st form of the verb + ing, is called progressive infinitive. It is combined
with other verbs to show the continuity of an action.
For Example:
He is happy to be reading in Sunrise He is happy that he is reading in Sunrise Academy.
Academy.
You seem to be working now a days. You seem that you are working now a days.
It seemed to be raining. It seemed that it was raining.
It was nice to be sitting with you. It was nice that I was sitting with you.
He pretends to be teaching. He pretends that he is teaching.
He pretended to be teaching. He pretended that he was teaching.

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 7. The Perfect Infinitive: ‘‘To + have +3rd Verb’’
‘To + Have + 3rd Verb’ is called Perfect Infinitive: It is combined with other
verbs (modal verbs) to show the perfection of completed action.
For Example:
I am sorry to have disturbed you. I am sorry that I have disturbed you.
He is happy to have passed the test. He is happy that he has passed the test.
They look to have lost the match. They look that they have lost the match.
She seems to have failed in the exam. She/it seems that she has failed the exam
I was sorry to have disturbed you. I was sorry that I had disturbed you.
He was happy to have passed the test. He was happy that he had passed the test.
They looked to have lost the match. They looked that they had lost the match.
She seemed to have failed in the She/it seemed that she had failed the exam
exam.
Perfect Infinitive goes with ‘‘Would Like/Love ‘’

Would like/love + To + Have + 3rd Verb

It is used for those actions that we wanted to do but due to some reasons we
could not.
For Example:
1. I would like/love to have seen him but we were in hurry.
2. He would like/love to have worked with us but he was busy.
3. They would like/love to have taught in Sunrise Academy but they were
forced to join Pearl Academy.
8. Perfect Passive Infinitive: ‘‘To + have + been + 3rd Verb’’
‘To + Have + been + 3rd Verb’ is called Perfect Passive Infinitive: it is the
Passive Voice form of perfect infinitive:
He is said to have been arrested. It is said that he has been arrested.
They are said to have been beaten. It is said that they have been beaten.
He seems to have been helped. He/it seems that he has been helped.
She seems to have been teased. It seems that she has been teased.
He was said to have been arrested. It was said that he had been arrested.
They were said to have been beaten. It was said that they had been beaten.
He seemed to have been helped. It seemed that he had been helped.
She seemed to have been teased. It seemed that she had been teased.

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 9. Perfect Progressive Infinitive: ‘‘To + have + been + 1st of Verb + ing’’
‘‘To + have + been + 1st of Verb + ing’’ is said to be The Perfect Progressive
infinitive; it shows that an action has been/had been in progress (that is now
complete) often before another action.
For Example:
1. I must have been dreaming of summer vacations.
2. This student appeared to have been dozing off in the class.
He lies to have been working the whole day. He lies that he has been working the
whole day.
She pretends to have been reading In She pretends that she has been reading In
Sunrise Academy Kharan. Sunrise Academy Kharan
He looks tired, he seems to have been He looks tired, it seems that he has been
working for many hours. working for many hours.
He seems to have been talking a lot. He/it seems that he has been talking a lot.
He lied to have been working the whole day. He lied that he had been working the
whole day.
She pretended to have been reading In She pretended that she had been reading
Sunrise Academy Kharan. In Sunrise Academy Kharan
He looked tired, he seemed to have been He looked tired, it seemed that he had
working for many hours. been working for many hours.
He seemed to have been talking a lot. He/it seemed that he had been talking a
lot.
Exercise
Fill in the correct form.

1. My dad used ____________ after dinner but he does not do it anymore.

(Smoke)
2. She advised us ____________ there alone. It could be very dangerous.
(not go)
3. My boss warned me ____________ finishing the project. (not delay)
4. My parents allowed me ____________ to the cinema with a few friends.
(Go)
5. Women were given the right ____________ in the first part of the 20th
century. (Vote)

Note: read and Study; construct sentences of your own.

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